Estado nutricional materno y neonatal en un grupo de adolescentes de la ciudad de Medellín / Teen mother and newborn nutritional status in a group of teenagers of the city of Medellin

Introducción: en los países en vía de desarrollo, entre ellos Colombia, el embarazo adolescente es un problema de salud pública por sus consecuencias sociales, de salud y nutrición para el binomio madre-hijo. Objetivo: evaluar las características demográficas, socioeconómicas, de seguridad alimentaria, de salud y el estado nutricional en un grupo de gestantes adolescentes y sus recién nacidos. Métodos: se realizó un estudio analítico de corte transversal con 294 embarazadas adolescentes en el tercer trimestre de gestación del programa de control prenatal de la Red Pública Hospitalaria de Medellín-Colombia, durante 2011-2012. Se buscó la asociación del índice de masa corporal materno, estado nutritivo del hierro y peso al nacer del neonato con variables explicativas. Resultados: los ingresos económicos mensuales inferiores a un salario mínimo se asociaron con bajo peso materno y con recién nacidos pequeños para la edad gestacional. El bajo peso gestacional se presentó en mayor proporción en las gestantes de 15 años o menos y con una edad ginecológica inferior a cinco años. La prevalencia de anemia fue baja en el primer trimestre y aumentó significativamente al final del embarazo; 90% presentaron reservas inadecuadas de hierro. El bajo peso al nacer se asoció con la presencia de infecciones y el bajo peso materno en el tercer trimestre de gestación. Conclusión: la gestación adolescente es un problema complejo que se asocia con efectos negativos en el estado nutricional, de salud y social de la mujer y su recién nacido (AU)

Introduction: in developing countries, including Colombia, teen pregnancy is a public health problem. It brings social, health and nutritional consequences for the mother/son binomial. Objective: to assess demographic, socioeconomic, food security, health and nutritional status characteristics in a group of pregnant teenagers and their newborns. Methodology: a cross sectional analytical study was performed in 294 pregnant teenagers in their third trimester of pregnancy enrolled in the prenatal care programs of the public network of hospitals in Medellin-Colombia between 2011 and 2012. Association between the mother´s body mass index, iron nutritional status and newborn´s weight at birth using explicative variables was assessed. Results: monthly incomes under a minimum salary were associated with low mother´s weight and newborns small for gestational age. Low gestational weight was higher in pregnant women under 15 years of age and with a gynecological age under five years. The prevalence of anemia was low in the first trimester and increased at the end of pregnancy; 5.6% had adequate iron reserves. Low weight at birth was associated with infections and mother´s low weight in the third trimester of pregnancy. Conclusion: teenage pregnancy is a complex problem associated with negative effects in the nutritional, health and social status of the girl and their newborn (AU)

[TEEN MOTHER AND NEWBORN NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN A GROUP OF TEENAGERS OF THE CITY OF MEDELLIN]. / ESTADO NUTRICIONAL MATERNO Y NEONATAL EN UN GRUPO DE ADOLESCENTES DE LA CIUDAD DE MEDELLÍN.

INTRODUCTION: in developing countries, including Colombia, teen pregnancy is a public health problem. It brings social, health and nutritional consequences for the mother/son binomial. OBJECTIVE: to assess demographic, socioeconomic, food security, health and nutritional status characteristics in a group of pregnant teenagers and their newborns. METHODOLOGY: a cross sectional analytical study was performed in 294 pregnant teenagers in their third trimester of pregnancy enrolled in the prenatal care programs of the public network of hospitals in Medellin-Colombia between 2011 and 2012. Association between the mother's body mass index, iron nutritional status and newborn's weight at birth using explicative variables was assessed. RESULTS: monthly incomes under a minimum salary were associated with low mother's weight and newborns small for gestational age. Low gestational weight was higher in pregnant women under 15 years of age and with a gynecological age under five years. The prevalence of anemia was low in the first trimester and increased at the end of pregnancy; 5.6% had adequate iron reserves. Low weight at birth was associated with infections and mother's low weight in the third trimester of pregnancy. CONCLUSION: teenage pregnancy is a complex problem associated with negative effects in the nutritional, health and social status of the girl and their newborn.

Introducción: en los países en vía de desarrollo, entre ellos Colombia, el embarazo adolescente es un problema de salud pública por sus consecuencias sociales, de salud y nutrición para el binomio madre-hijo. Objetivo: evaluar las características demográficas, socioeconómicas, de seguridad alimentaria, de salud y el estado nutricional en un grupo de gestantes adolescentes y sus recién nacidos. Métodos: se realizó un estudio analítico de corte transversal con 294 embarazadas adolescentes en el tercer trimestre de gestación del programa de control prenatal de la Red Pública Hospitalaria de Medellín-Colombia, durante 2011-2012. Se buscó la asociación del índice de masa corporal materno, estado nutritivo del hierro y peso al nacer del neonato con variables explicativas. Resultados: los ingresos económicos mensuales inferiores a un salario mínimo se asociaron con bajo peso materno y con recién nacidos pequeños para la edad gestacional. El bajo peso gestacional se presentó en mayor proporción en las gestantes de 15 años o menos y con una edad ginecológica inferior a cinco años. La prevalencia de anemia fue baja en el primer trimestre y aumentó significativamente al final del embarazo; 90% presentaron reservas inadecuadas de hierro. El bajo peso al nacer se asoció con la presencia de infecciones y el bajo peso materno en el tercer trimestre de gestación. Conclusión: la gestación adolescente es un problema complejo que se asocia con efectos negativos en el estado nutricional, de salud y social de la mujer y su recién nacido.

Embarazo adolescente: características maternas y su asociación con el peso al nacer del neonato / Adolescent pregnancy: maternal characteristics and their association with birth weight of the newborn

En Colombia, el embarazo adolescente es un problema de salud pública, con serias implicaciones en la salud y nutrición del binomio madre-hijo. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar características sociodemográficas, económicas, de seguridad alimentaria, de salud y el estado nutricional por antropometría en adolescentes en el tercer trimestre de embarazo y asociar estos factores con el peso de los recién nacidos. Se realizó un estudio analítico de corte transversal con 294 embarazadas (semana 27-40) del programa de control prenatal de la Red Pública Hospitalaria de Medellín-Colombia. Se buscó asociación del peso al nacer del neonato con las variables explicativas. El bajo peso en embarazadas se presentó en mayor proporción en adolescentes cuyas familias devengaron menos de un Salario Mínimo Mensual -SMMLV-, en las que tenían 15 años o menos y con edad ginecológica menor de cinco años. La mayor proporción de pequeños para la edad gestacional se presentó en adolescentes con infecciones, bajo peso gestacional e ingresos menores a un SMMLV. Devengar menos de un SMMLV disminuye 118 gramos el peso del recién nacido (IC95%:-2,5a-234,7) y por cada kilogramo que aumentó el peso pregestacional materno, el peso al nacer aumentó 10,3 g (IC95%: 2,0 - 18,5). Los ingresos económicos inferiores a un SMMLV se asociaron con bajo peso materno y con recién nacidos pequeños para la edad gestacional. El peso pregestacional, el índice de masa corporal bajo en tercer trimestre de gestación y la presencia de infecciones urinarias y/o vaginales de la madre se asociaron con recién nacidos pequeños para la edad gestacional.

In Colombia, adolescent pregnancy is a public health problem, with serious implications for the health and nutrition of the binomial mother-child. Objective: assess socio-demographic, economic, food security, health and maternal nutritional status characteristics by anthropometric measures in a group of pregnant adolescents in Medellin-Colombia on their third trimester of pregnancy and associate them with the newborns weight. Methods and materials: A cross sectional analytical study was made with 294 pregnant women (week 27 to 40), who participating in prenatal control program of the public hospital network in Medellin-Colombia. We sought Association of weight at birth with the explanatory variables. Results: underweight in pregnant women was presented in families that had lower income wages than the Standard Minimum Wage Income - SMWI-, adolescents who were younger than 15 years old and those who had a gynecological age less than five years. In newborns, the highest proportion of small children for pregnancy age was found in mothers who presented infections, low pregnancy weight and low family income less than the minimum wage. For those whose earnings was less than the minimum income the newborn weight decreased 118g (CI95%:-2,5 a - 234,7), in addition, for each kilogram that increased the prepregnancy weight, newborn weight increased in 10,26g (CI95%:1,98 a -18,5). Conclusions: low-weight pregnancy and low-weight newborns are associated with low family income. Pre-pregnancy weight, body mass index in the third trimester of pregnancy and mother`s presence of urinary tract and vaginal infections were associated with the newborn´s weight.

[Adolescent pregnancy: maternal characteristics and their association with birth weight of the newborn]. / Embarazo adolescente: características maternas y su asociación con el peso al nacer del neonate.

UNLABELLED: In Colombia, adolescent pregnancy is a public health problem, with serious implications for the health and nutrition of the binomial mother-child. OBJECTIVE: assess socio-demographic, economic, food security, health and maternal nutritional status characteristics by anthropometric measures in a group of pregnant adolescents in Medellin-Colombia on their third trimester of pregnancy and associate them with the newborns weight. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A cross sectional analytical study was made with 294 pregnant women (week 27 to 40), who participating in prenatal control program of the public hospital network in Medellin-Colombia. We sought Association of weight at birth with the explanatory variables. RESULTS: underweight in pregnant women was presented in families that had lower income wages than the Standard Minimum Wage Income--SMWI-, adolescents who were younger than 15 years old and those who had a gynecological age less than five years. In newborns, the highest proportion of small children for pregnancy age was found in mothers who presented infections, low pregnancy weight and low family income less than the minimum wage. For those whose earnings was less than the minimum income the newborn weight decreased 118g (CI 95%: -2.5 a - 234.7), in addition, for each kilogram that increased the pre-pregnancy weight, newborn weight increased in 10,26g (CI 95%: 1.98 a-18.5). CONCLUSIONS: low-weight pregnancy and low-weight newborns are associated with low family income. Pre-pregnancy weight, body mass index in the third trimester of pregnancy and mother's presence of urinary tract and vaginal infections were associated with the newborn's weight.

[Factors associated with maternal body mass index in a group of pregnant teenagers, Medellin, Colombia]. / Factores asociados con el índice de masa corporal materno en un grupo de gestantes adolescentes, Medellín, Colombia.

The purpose of the study was to assess the influence of socioeconomic risk factors, food security, health, and key anthropometric measures on body mass index (BMI) in a group of teenagers from Medellin, Colombia, in the third trimester of pregnancy. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 294 pregnant teenagers. Data were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Pregnant teenagers whose families earned less than one minimum wage were more likely to have low weight (OR = 5.8; 95%CI: 1.97-16.8). Age under 15 years was associated with a fourfold increase in low gestational weight. Arm and calf circumference greater than 24cm and 32cm, respectively, were associated with a 94% reduction in low gestational weight (arm circumference: OR = 0.1; 95%CI: 0.0-0.2) (calf circumference: OR = 0.1; 95%CI: 0.0-0.2). In conclusion, low income and young age were associated with low gestational weight. Arm and calf circumference correlated with maternal weight.

Factores asociados con el índice de masa corporal materno en un grupo de gestantes adolescentes, Medellín, Colombia / Factors associated with maternal body mass index in a group of pregnant teenagers, Medellin, Colombia / Fatores associados ao índice de massa corporal materno em um grupo de gestantes adolescentes, Medellín, Colômbia

The purpose of the study was to assess the influence of socioeconomic risk factors, food security, health, and key anthropometric measures on body mass index (BMI) in a group of teenagers from Medellin, Colombia, in the third trimester of pregnancy. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 294 pregnant teenagers. Data were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Pregnant teenagers whose families earned less than one minimum wage were more likely to have low weight (OR = 5.8; 95%CI: 1.97-16.8). Age under 15 years was associated with a fourfold increase in low gestational weight. Arm and calf circumference greater than 24cm and 32cm, respectively, were associated with a 94% reduction in low gestational weight (arm circumference: OR = 0.1; 95%CI: 0.0-0.2) (calf circumference: OR = 0.1; 95%CI: 0.0-0.2). In conclusion, low income and young age were associated with low gestational weight. Arm and calf circumference correlated with maternal weight.

El estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la influencia de factores socioeconómicos, de seguridad alimentaria, de salud, y algunas medidas antropométricas, en la clasificación del índice de masa corporal (IMC) en un grupo de gestantes adolescentes de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia, durante el tercer trimestre de gestación. Se realizó un estudio analítico observacional transversal con 294 gestantes. Para el análisis se utilizó un análisis bivariado y un modelo de regresión logística. La mayor probabilidad de presentar bajo peso gestacional la tuvieron aquellas gestantes cuyas familias devengaban menos de un salario mínimo (OR = 5,8; IC95%: 1,97-16,8). Ser menor de 15 años aumentó cuatro veces la probabilidad bajo peso gestacional y tener un perímetro del brazo y de pantorrilla por encima de 24cm y 32cm, respectivamente, reduce la probabilidad de presentar bajo peso gestacional en un 94% (perímetro de brazo: OR = 0,1; IC95%: 0,0-0,2); (perímetro de pantorrilla: OR = 0,1; IC95%: 0,0-0,2). Se concluye que los ingresos y la edad cronológica se asociaron con el bajo peso gestacional. Los perímetros de brazo y pantorrilla se correlacionaron de forma positiva con el peso materno.

O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de fatores socioeconômicos, de segurança alimentar, de saúde, e algumas medidas antropométricas, na classificação do índice de massa corporal (IMC) em um grupo de gestantes adolescentes da Cidade de Medellín, Colômbia, durante o terceiro trimestre de gestação. Realizou-se estudo analítico observacional transversal com 294 gestantes. Utilizou-se análise bivariada e um modelo de regressão logística. As gestantes cujas famílias ganhavam menos de 1 salário mínimo (OR = 5,8; IC95%: 1,9-16,8) tiveram maior probabilidade de apresentar baixo peso gestacional. Ser menor de 15 anos aumentou quatro vezes a probabilidade de baixo peso gestacional, e ter um perímetro do braço e da panturrilha maior que 24cm e 32cm, respectivamente, reduz em 94% a probabilidade de apresentar baixo peso gestacional (perímetro do braço: OR = 0,1; IC95%: 0,0-0,2; perímetro da panturrilha: OR = 0,1; IC95%: 0,0-0,2). Conclui-se que a renda e a idade cronológica associaram-se com o baixo peso gestacional. Os perímetros do braço e da panturrilha relacionaram-se de forma positiva com o peso materno.