[Usefulness of tricuspid annular displacement (TAD) to identify right ventricular dysfunction in normotensive patients with acute pulmonary embolism]. / Intérêt du tricuspid annular displacement (TAD) dans l'évaluation de la dysfonction ventriculaire droite au cours de l'embolie pulmonaire.

BACKGROUND: Echocardiographic criteria of right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) in acute pulmonary embolism (PE) differ among published studies. Assessment of RV systolic function remains difficult because of the RV's complex shape. We aimed to evaluate RV systolic function with TAD in patients (pts) with acute PE. TAD (QLAB, Philips Medical Imaging) was based on a tissue-tracking algorithm that is ultrasound beam angle independent for automated detection of tricuspid annular displacement. DESIGN: Prospective and observational study. METHODS: All adults' pts who were diagnosed with PE from December 2008 to December 2009 at Princess Grace Hospital, Monaco were eligible for this study after exclusion of history of heart failure. We evaluated 36 consecutive pts with PE (18 male, mean age 62.7 years), which underwent echocardiography, plasma BNP titration during the first day after admission, and a second echocardiography obtained within 48 hours before discharge. RESULTS: TAD value were significantly lower in pts with abnormal RV function by echocardiogram (15.9 ± 0.3 vs. 12.7 ± 0.2 ; P = 0.026). Pts with a normal BNP (<80 pg/ml) had an elevated TAD (16.4 ± 0.2 vs. 11.2 ± 0.3 mm ; P < 0.0001). At discharge, echocardiographic data were obtained from 33 pts (mean: 8.3 ± 3.5 days). RV end diastolic diameter, RV to LV diameter, pulmonary arterial systolic pressure, mean pulmonic valve acceleration time, RV FAC, Sa and TAD were significantly improved. There was no difference between TAD among pts with echocardiographic RVD at baseline vs. pts without RVD (14.9 ± 3.7 vs. 16.1 ± 2.9 mm ; P = 0.3). Four pts who deteriorated during short-term observation had substantially lower TAD values than those with uncomplicated courses (7.7 ± 0.4mm vs. 14.6 ± 0.2 mm ; P = 0.001). In conclusion, impaired TAD was associated with decreased RV systolic function in pts with acute PE. To identify the clinical meaning of decreased TAD, larger trials with longer follow-up periods are needed.

[Sudden death and semi-automatic defibrillation]. / Mort subite et défibrillation semi-automatique.

While cardiac arrest in hospital poses few immediate management problems, this is not the case outside hospital. For this reason semi-automatic defibrillators are easy to handle devices designed to deliver an early electric shock in the context of usage by non-specialist people following minimum training. These devices have shown a clear improvement in survival compared to the exclusive use of a manual defibrillator by highly trained emergency services, especially in confined areas such as casinos or aircraft, or where a significant number of potential patients are concentrated, such as airports. It is now important to be able to improve public access to defibrillation by various means currently being studied, and probably by relaxing the rules which allow the use of these devices.