RESUMO
We studied the immune response induced in mice by recombinant Toxoplasma gondii surface antigen 1 (rSAG1) protein, alone or combined with interleukin-12 (IL-12) as an adjuvant, and the protective effect against toxoplasmosis. Immunization with rSAG1 alone induced a specific humoral type 2 immunity and did not protect the animals from infection. In contrast, immunization with rSAG1 plus IL-12 redirected humoral and cellular immunity toward a type 1 pattern and reduced the brain parasite load by 40%.
Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos , Antígenos de Protozoários/imunologia , Interleucina-2/uso terapêutico , Proteínas de Protozoários/imunologia , Toxoplasma/imunologia , Toxoplasmose Animal/imunologia , Vacinas Sintéticas/imunologia , Administração Oral , Animais , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/imunologia , Antígenos de Protozoários/genética , Encéfalo/parasitologia , Encéfalo/patologia , Citocinas/biossíntese , Feminino , Interleucina-2/genética , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos CBA , Proteínas de Protozoários/genética , Toxoplasmose Animal/prevenção & controle , VacinaçãoRESUMO
In a German seroepidemiological study to determine the proportion of pregnant women infected with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and at risk of transmitting the infection to the newborn during delivery, IgG antibodies to HSV-2 in 1999 sera collected from pregnant women in 1996-1997 were measured using an automated type-specific enzyme immunoassay (Cobas Core HSV-2 IgG EIA; Roche Diagnostics, Switzerland). The seroprevalence of HSV-2 was 8.9%, and control studies with a type-common HSV assay measuring antibodies to HSV-1 and HSV-2 revealed that 20.7% of pregnant women were seronegative for HSV antibodies and are therefore at risk of acquiring primary genital HSV infection of either type.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Herpes Genital/diagnóstico , Herpes Genital/epidemiologia , Herpesvirus Humano 2/isolamento & purificação , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Feminino , Alemanha/epidemiologia , Herpes Genital/transmissão , Herpesvirus Humano 2/classificação , Herpesvirus Humano 2/imunologia , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Masculino , Gravidez , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
Gs protein is a shorter, soluble form of the viral G protein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) lacking the membrane-anchoring domain. Production of Gs protein appears to be a general property of VSV because infection of BHK-21 cells by five different isolates of the VSV serotype Indiana led in all cases to the synthesis of Gs protein. Moreover, it is formed in a variety of eucaryotic cell lines after VSV infection. In pulse-chase experiments, we observed a time-dependent change in the ratio of G to Gs protein released into the growth medium, suggesting that Gs is formed intracellularly rather than on the cell surface. Further experiments revealed that Gs protein can be synthesized in vitro in the reticulocyte lysate system after addition of a viral mRNA fraction and in a coupled transcription-translation system with VSV core particles. In the presence of microsomal membranes both G and Gs protein were glycosylated in the reticulocyte lysate, confirming that the authentic Gs protein is synthesized in vitro. The addition of various protease inhibitors to the cell-free system and variation of the incubation conditions did not alter the ratio of G to Gs formation. Taken together, these experiments suggest strongly that Gs protein is not a product of a membrane-associated proteolytic activity but is formed during or shortly after the translation process. Our attempts to detect a specific, shorter mRNA coding for the Gs protein by molecular hybridization procedures did not reveal the existence of such a mRNA species.
