Coping with stress, control of emotions and biochemical markers as a common protective element in the inflammatory response to stress. / Style radzenia sobie ze stresem, kontrola emocji i wykladniki biochemiczne jako wspólny element protekcyjny w zapalnej reakcji na stres.

OBJECTIVES: Based on a comprehensive approach to the problem of stress, we have decided to evaluate all components of a stress response - immunological (IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, CRP, TNF-alpha) and hormonal one (CRH, ACTH), as well as to evaluate the psychological indicators of stress, coping with stress, and controlling emotional reactions as psychological markers that predispose to the most beneficial adaption in relation to stressors affecting flight personnel taking part in peace missions abroad. METHODS: The research studies being the subject matter of the project were conducted among 113 antiterrorists and 123 representatives of aircrew (236 respondents in total) who participated in peace missions outside Poland. The study was conducted both before departure and during the missions. The study included a biochemical evaluation (IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, CRP, TNF-alpha, CRH, ACTH) as well as a psychological assessment based on the Perceived Stress Scale by S. Cohen (PSS-10) and the Courtauld Emotional Control Scale (CECS) by M. Watson and S. Greer, and the COPE Inventory by J. Corver. RESULTS: Based on a statistical analysis of the variables, a relationship between the level of perceived stress and the methods of coping with it as well as between the selected methods of emotion control and inflammatory response indicators, was found. CONCLUSIONS: In difficult situations, accompanied by an increase in the variables responsible for the biochemical inflammatory response of an organism, the effective model of coping with difficult situations and emotioncontrol increases, while the subjective level of perceived stress drops.

[Emotional and psychosomatic disorder among female patients undergoing breast cancer diagnosis]. / Emotional and psychosomatic disorder among female patients undergoing breast cancer diagnosis.

UNLABELLED: Basics of psychoneuroimmunology indicate factors such as emotions, behaviour, personality and cognitive functions to have impact on weakening of immunological system and worsening the risk to develop medical conditions, including breast cancer. AIM: The aim of research was to attempt a coping of emotional and psychosomatic disorders among women undergoing breast tumor diagnostic process. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 145 female patients were included in the the research, among which 99 belonged to the research group (RG) and 46 belonged to the control group (CG). The average age in GB 49, 67 (± 9,47) i GK 46,43 (± 11,2). The research group members were undergoing diagnosis process for suspected breast cancer. The subjects filled out a survey and Symptom Questionnaire S-II, and were subject to mammographic and ultrasound examination, as well as aspiration biopsy was performed on them. 99 individual subjects were positively diagnosed with breast cancer, and 46 were negatively diagnosed. RESULTS: One in three women belonging to RG displayed emotional disorders. In CG only one in ten displayed symptoms of such disorders. Anxiety was the most common disorder mentioned by both RG and CG. There is however statistically relevant difference in anxiety intensity between the two groups. A statistically relevant corelation has been observed among members of the research group between certain psychosomatic disorders and a number of sociodemographic and medical variables' levels. CONCLUSIONS: Stress-related and formed psychophysiological and psychosomatic reactions are likely to play the role of psychosomatic and emotional factors leading to breast cancer development.

[A mistake in forensic psychiatric evaluation or abuse of psychiatry for non-medical purposes - a case report]. / Pomylka w opiniowaniu sadowo-psychiatrycznym czy naduzycie psychiatrii dla celów pozamedycznych - opis przypadku.

In this study we attempted to visualize certain irregularities that took place in the evaluation of a patient with personality disorders performed by psychiatrist expert witness, which resulted in an incorrect diagnosis, leading to wrong ruling of the court and a referral of the patient to clinical therapy lasting six years. The psychiatric and psychological expert opinions submitted to the court and first-hand psychiatric and psychological examination of the patient were analyzed. Efforts were made to show that the failure to comply with the diagnostic criteria in the process of diagnosis and not taking into account the previously issued five forensic psychiatric opinions issued by independent and experienced teams of psychiatrist expert witnesses, as well as not taking into account the nature of the offense committed have led to a number of irregularities in the assessment of the mental state of the patient. Above mentioned shortcomings have caused unjustified legal classification of the offense and six years long detention of the patient in closed psychiatric institutions, in our regard unnecessary. The described case could be regarded as an abuse of psychiatry for the non-medical purposes and thus should have be punish. Based on the presented case it has been demonstrated that insufficient experience in forensic psychiatry and failure to comply with diagnostic criteria of psychiatrists and psychologists expert witnesses had led to a series of blatant offense of civil rights and liberties, and thus unnecessary detention of the patient for six years.

[Causes of suicide attempts in patients undergoing psychiatric hospitalization--a preliminary study]. / Uwarunkowania zamachów samobójczych u pacjentów hospitalizowanych psychiatrycznie--doniesienia wstepne.

UNLABELLED: Suicide is difficult and dramatic act of deliberately taking one's own life. The causes of suicidal behavior are complex and include both sociological as well as psychological and neurobiological factors associated with the dysfunction of the central nervous system. AIM: The aim of study was to analyse tha causes of suicidal behavior. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study comprised of 76 individuals. The study group included 48 patients hospitalized in the Babinski Memorial Hospital in Lódz, Poland who have attempted suicide act recently or in the past. Each patient completed psychological tests: Basic Hope Inventory (BHI-12), in evaluating Evaluation Crisis Questionnaire (KKW), The Beliefs about Pain Control Questionnaire (BPCQ). RESULTS: Statistical analysis revealed personality disorders and affective disorders to be the most frequent psychiatric diagnosis among patients, who attempted suicide. Patients from the study group had specific psychological characteristics. The most common suicide method was drug intoxication. CONCLUSIONS: Suicide prevention should include somatic and psychiatric morbidity and a thorough analysis of psychological functioning. This would help to better understand the mechanisms underlying suicide and extract a group of people with a significantly increased risk of suicidal behavior so that we could apply adequate prevention methods.

[Quality of life, acceptance of illness and a sense of health control in patients with chronic musculoskeletal disorders during the rehabilitation process]. / Jakosc zycia, akceptacja choroby i poczucie kontroli zdrowia u pacjentów z przewleklymi schorzeniami narzadu ruchu podczas procesu rehabilitacji.

UNLABELLED: In medical science it is accepted that in order to determine the state of physical, mental as well as the progress of treatment, the concept of quality of life is applicable. However, the most popular use of the term is in the case of chronic diseases and particularly in the lives of those who are sick. Examples of such diseases are diseases of the musculoskeletal system and especially osteoarthritis of the knee and hip. The level of quality of life in chronic disease are also affected by psychological factors that can significantly help people in the healing process as well as acceptance of existing disease. AIM: The aim of study was to evaluate the association between quality of life, acceptance of illness and sense of control over own health in patients with chronic motor disability during the rehabilitation course. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 105 patients (76 women and 29 men) with osteoarthritis of the hip and knee, undergoing rehabilitation at the Municipal Clinic "Lecznica" in Lodz. The study used a questionnaire in the development of their own - specifying the basic socio-demographic data subjects, the SF-36 questionnaire - evaluating the quality of life of patients, Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS BJ Felton, TA Revenson, Hinrichsen GA) in the adaptation of the Z. Juczynski and Multidimensional Scale Health Locus of Control MHLC (KA wallstone, BS wallstone, R. DeVellis) in adaptation of Z. Juczynski. RESULTS: The distribution of respondents by type of disease is as follows: diseases of the knee -63.81%, hip - 23.81% and knee and hip disorders - 12.38%. A similar breakdown occurs in women and men. The average level of quality of life in this population of patients was 88.63, which is not too high. Evaluation of the results of health locus of control scale laid the equal distribution of respondents, taking into account all the studied rocks. Thanks to the use of Pearson's correlation coefficient allowed the conclusion that the level of quality of life correlates positively with the acceptance of the disease and internal locus of control pain in patients. CONCLUSIONS: Quality of life of the patients in the general dimension is in significant correlation with the acceptance of the disease and with a sense of control over their own health internally. Patients who have a high sense of control health by others or by accident is characterized by a lower level of acceptance of his illness. Acceptance of the disease and a sense of control over their own health may be important factors for health behaviors.

[Quality of life and depressive symptoms in patients diagnosed with uterus cancer]. / Jakosc zycia i depresyjnosc u pacjentek z rozpoznaniem raka trzonu macicy.

UNLABELLED: In the present study quality of life and depressive symptoms as well as the influence of illness on emotional state in patients with diagnosis of uterus cancer was evaluated. The aim of the study was to evaluate quality of life and depressive symptoms in women diagnosed with uterus cancer who underwent surgical treatment and complementary therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study has been conducted on randomly chosen group of 100 patients diagnosed with uterus cancer who underwent surgical treatment and adjunctive therapy. Surveys has been conducted 6 months after completed therapy when no recurrence of carcinomatous disease was confirmed. Quality of life was evaluated using quality of life questionnaire EORTC QLQ-C30 and depressive symptoms were measured by means of Beck's depression self-rating scale. RESULTS: In the conducted study in most cases patients with diagnosis of uterus cancer didn't show symptoms of depression and in 40% of patients there were mild symptoms of depressive disorder. The results show that patients without depressive symptoms had better quality of life compared to those with concomitant depressive symptoms and it was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with diagnosed uterus cancer in whom no symptoms of depression were detected presented with better quality of life compared to patients with depressive symptoms. Emotional state of patients with uterus cancer can be an important factor influencing their quality of life.

[Selected problems in the forensic-psychiatric evaluation of persons posing a likelihood of repeating a criminal act]. / Wybrane problemy w opiniowaniu sadowo-psychiatrycznym osób stwarzajacych prawdopodobienstwo ponownego popelnienia czynu przestepczego.

In the current penal code, compared to previous regulations, there have been alterations concerning medical security measures. These amendments have been prompted by socio-politic circumstances in Poland as well as implementation of Mental Health Act. According to the current law the court, on the request of expert psychiatrists, can pronounce a sentence of obligatory stay in psychiatric institution for perpetrator of criminal act who has been deemed not sane due to 31 subsection 1 of penal code and who is predictably able of recidivism. In legal-medical practice those less experienced expert psychiatrists may encounter difficulties producing expertise for the court, especially evaluating probability of recurrence of committing a criminal act and resulting request for psychiatric detention. In order to make this issue more acquainted we present a review of literature concerning it.

[Suicide attempts in patients with borderline personality--preliminary report]. / Próby samobójcze u pacjentów z osobowoscia borderline- -doniesienie wstepne.

UNLABELLED: Suicide is an act involving intentional taking his own life, which always raises a lot of emotion and controversy. In Poland, the suicide rate in the past few years has averaged about 15/100000 population, but in 2012 the number of suicides was fatal in 4177 cases. Over the years, there are certain fixed patterns in the epidemiology of suicide in Poland. Women often try to commit suicide but men often carry it out. Women usually choose less lethal methods. The highest rate of suicides committed in those states is between 50 and 59 years old. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of suicide attempts in patients with personality disorders of emotionally unstable personality type borderline and analysis of the underlying data and epidemiological determinants of suicide attempts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 12 patients with a diagnosis of personality disorder with borderline type. Mean age of patients was 33 years. 83% were women. There have been a random analysis of hospitalized psychiatric patients. The obtained data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: 41.67% declared a suicide attempt, more than one 25%, and without suicide attempts was 33.33 % of the respondents. Popular method of choice was drugs (41.67%), followed by hanging (16.67%), and jump out of the window (8.33%). The most common cause was heartbreak, then the stress of job loss and social conflict. 41.67% of patients had no comorbidities. CONCLUSION: Emotionally unstable personality borderline type carries a high risk of suicide attempts. The majority of suicide attempts was by the method of low or moderate lethality. Suicide attempts occurred in patients with the same personality disorder, to a lesser extent in patients with concomitant other disorders. Females more predisposed to committing suicide.

[The epidemiology of suicide in bipolar disorder in the manic episode--preliminary reports]. / Epidemiologia samobójstw w chorobie afektywnej dwubiegunowej w epizodzie maniakalnym--doniesienie wstepne.

UNLABELLED: Suicide is among ten leading causes of death in each country and the third most common cause of death in the age group 16-35. The presence of mental illness is the most important risk factor for suicide. Affective disorders contribute to 15-25% of deaths due to suicide attempts. Depression is the most likely cause of the patients attempt on his life. Contrary to popular opinion, manic episode can also increase the risk of suicide, especially if the patient dominates by productive symptoms in the form of delusions. The aim of study was to determine the frequency of suicide attempts and their determinants in an episode of mania in bipolar disorder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 16 people with a diagnosed bipolar disorder, hospitalized with manic episode at the age of 28-76. Patients hospitalized in the Department of Adult Psychiatry were selected randomly. The number of suicide attempts, comorbid conditions, and basic epidemiological data were estimated. RESULTS: Five patients declared suicide attempt, one of which wanted to make more than one attempt at suicide. 3 people took it during an episode of depression, two in an episode of mania. The methods of suicide were associated with an overdose of medication and this was accompanied by a greater amount of alcohol intake. 11 persons did not declare any willingness to attempt suicide. CONCLUSIONS: A mania episode did not increase the risk of suicide in bipolar disorder compared to an episode of depression in the study conducted. The importance of somatic illness in patients with bipolar disorder is increased if the suicide attempt occurs in an episode of depression. Alcohol abuse showed no negative effects on suicidal behavior of patients. During abuse was the most common way of commit suicide.

Thyroid hormones association with depression severity and clinical outcome in patients with major depressive disorder.

The clinical implications of thyroid hormones in depression have been studied extensively and still remains disputable. Supplementation of thyroid hormones is considered to augment and accelerate antidepressant treatment. Studies on the role of thyroid hormones in depression deliver contradictory results. Here we assess theirs impact on depression severity and final clinical outcome in patients with major depression. Thyrotropin, free thyroxine (FT4), and free triiodothyronine (FT3) concentrations were measured with automated quantitative enzyme immunoassay. Depression severity and final clinical outcome were rated with 17-itemic Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression [HDRS(17)] and Clinical Global Impression Scales for severity and for improvement (CGIs, CGIi). FT3 and FT4 concentrations were significantly positively correlated with clinical improvement evaluated with CGIi (R = 0.38, P = 0.012; R = 0.33, P = 0.034, respectively). There was a significant correlation between FT4 concentrations and depression severity assessed in HDRS(17) (R = 0.31, P = 0.047). Male patients presented significantly higher FT3 serum levels (Z = 2.34, P = 0.018) and significantly greater clinical improvement (Z = 2.36, P = 0.018) when compared to female patients. We conclude that free thyroid hormones concentrations are associated with depression severity and have an impact on final clinical outcome. It can be more efficient to augment and accelerate the treatment of major depressive disorder with triiodothyronine instead of levothyroxine because of individual differences in thyroid hormones metabolism.

[The effect of selected physical procedures on mobility in women with rheumatoid arthritis]. / Wplyw wybranych zabieg6w fizykalnych na sprawnoscc ruchowa kobiet z reumatoidalnym zapaleniem stawów.

UNLABELLED: Electrotherapy, including iontophoresis and magnetic field, is one of the most commonly used physical procedures in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RS). THE AIM OF THE PAPER: To evaluate the effect of iontophoresis and magnetic field procedures on the intensity and frequency of pain sensation, administration of analgesics, limitation of knee joint mobility and comparative evaluation of analgesic effect s of the applied procedures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included a group of 60 female patients affected by RS with knee joint pain. Patients were randomly assigned to 3 equally-numbered groups. Group I was subjected to 20 iontophoresis procedures. Group II underwent 20 procedures with magnetic field. Group III was treated with 20 procedures combining both iontophoresis and magnetic field. Each iontophoresis procedure lasted 20 minutes, whereas the magnetic field procedure took 30 minutes. All study participants were evaluated in relation to pain sensation after and before the treatment with VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) and Latinen scale. RESULTS: After a 4-week therapy in all the three groups there was a statistically significant decrease in pain perception with VAS scale and with all domains of Laitinen scale excluding the limitation of physical activity criterion. The comparative evaluation of statistically important differences after the therapy between the groups revealed marked decrease of pain perception in groups I and II comparing to group II. There were no significant differences between groups I and III. CONCLUSIONS: Iontophoresis and magnetic field treatments demonstrate effective analgesic property in female patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The conducted studies showed the highest analgesic effects for both treatments used.

[Assessment of the relationship of depressive disorders in men with lumbosacral pain syndrome]. / Ocena zaleinosci wystepowania zaburzen depresyjnych u mezczyzn z zespolem bólowym okolicy ledzwiowo-krzyzowej.

UNLABELLED: Coincidence of pain in various somatic diseases of depression was confirmed in many epidemiological studies. Lumbosacral pain can be classified as one of the most aggravating National Health budget. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY: To assess the relationship between the presence of pain, depression, and emotional functioning of male patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 56 men with lumbosecral pain syndrome took part in this study. Some of them were diagnosed as depressive disorders patients. In this study we used scales to measure the degree of pain and depression and Emotional Control Questionnaire to determine subjects emotional functioning. RESULTS: This paper presents the relationship between the occurrence of lumbosacral pain syndrome and depressive disorders. The results confirm the existence of a relationship between the severity of pain and depression and emotional disorders. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows that there is a correlation between the intensity of lumbosacral pain in male patients and the incidence of depressive and emotional disorders. Men with back pain syndrome and depressive disorders during pain increase period have less emotional excitability and rationally motivated behavior. Men with back pain syndrome without depressive disorders during pain increase period have a greater control of emotional expression, and less control of the situation emotiogenic situation.

[Correlations between working memory effectiveness and depression levels after pharmacological therapy]. / Sprawnosc pamieci operacyjnej a nasilenie depresji po 8 tygodniach farmakoterapii.

AIM: The goal of the study was to identify possible associations between spatio-visual performance and verbal working memory, evaluated on admission, with the remission degree, assessed by the HDRS after 8-week pharmacotherapy with SSRI in a group of patients with depression. METHODS: 141 subjects were examined (patients with depressive disorders, DD: n = 86, healthy subjects, CG: n = 55). TMT and the Stroop Test were used. Results. CG obtained higher results vs. DD-I patients (the evaluation started on the therapy onset) in the Stroop Test, RCNb/time (p < 0.001), NCWd/time (p < 0.001), NCWd/errors (p < 0.001), TMT B/time (p = 0.009). CG demonstrated higher results than DD-II patients (following eight weeks of pharmacological treatment) in the Stroop Test, RCNb/time and NCWd/time (p < 0.001). Compared to DD-I group, DD-II group achieved better results in the Stroop Test, NCWd/time (p = 0.03), NCWd/errors (p < 0.001), TMT, A (p < 0.001), B (p <0.001). The lowest performance levels in the Stroop Test, NCWd/time (p = 0.02), NCWd/errors (p = 0.04) and in TMT, A/time (p = 0.01), may have been related to the highest depression levels after pharmacological treatment. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Depressive disorders are associated with deteriorated efficiency of visual and verbal working memory. 2. Antidepressant treatment resulted in improved of visual and verbal working memory. 3. The better performance in the Stroop Test and in TMT on the first day of treatment may have influenced the noted reduction in severity of depressive symptoms after treatment with SSRI.

[Subjective evaluation of symptoms and effects of treatment and the intensity of the stress and anxiety levels among patients with selected diseases of the skin and gastrointestinal tract]. / Subiektywna ocena objawów i efektów leczenia a natezenie stresu i poziomu leku wsród pacjentów z wybranymi chorobami skóry i ukladu pokarmowego.

AIM: Aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between subjective evaluation of disease (the intensity of symptoms, complaints and nuisance effects of treatment) in selected skin diseases and digestive system and investigated psychological factors: the level of stress and severity of state anxiety and trait anxiety. METHOD: Verification of the research hypothesis was made using the following test methods: medical survey prepared by the authors and standardized psychological tests, such as Medical Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) by S. Cohen, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) by C.D. Spielberger. The study was conducted among 120 patients, including patients with psoriasis, rosacea, gastroesophageal reflux disease and irritable bowel syndrome. RESULTS: Patients received average results in the level of stress and anxiety. The highest degree of severity of the disease and its nuisance reported patients with gastrointestinal disease. All invited to the study patients evaluated effects of treatment of their disease as relatively low. In patients with psoriasissignificant relationships conserned the largest number of tested variables, as compared to other groups. CONCLUSIONS: In all groups of patients partial correlation between the examined determinants of psychological and subjective assessment of symptoms and effects of its treatment was shown. The higher rating of the variables was most associated with a higher intensity of stress and anxiety.

[Psychopathological and psychosocial aspects of military crimes]. / Psychopatologiczne i psychospoleczne aspekty przestepstw typowo wojskowych.

UNLABELLED: Crimes in the military, as well as criminal behaviors in the civilian community are determined by multiple factors. However, in case of military crimes committed by soldiers on active duty, an important part of forensic psychiatric opinion, is to assess whether occurring mental disorder resulted in inability to perform military duties. THE AIM OF THE STUDY: was to investigate the psychopathological and psychosocial determinants of criminal behavior in soldiers who committed military crime. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 122 soldiers who committed military crime. Material for this study consisted of forensic psychiatric opinions formed on the order of military prosecutor and the military judicial authorities. RESULTS: The results indicate that military crimes are determined by multiple factors. In most cases, the criminal behavior was associated with personality disorder (70%), alcohol problems (43%) and psychoactive substance use (30%). Psychosocial factors analysis revealed more frequent behavioral problems during childhood and adolescence (51%), history of parental alcohol problem (31%) and previous criminal record (29%). CONCLUSION: Forensic psychiatric examinations revealed that military crimes are more frequent in soldiers on compulsory military service, and in those with personality disorder or/and alcohol problems.

[Evaluate the influence of psychosocial factors on sexuality soldiers participating in the Polish Military Contingent in Afghanistan]. / Próba oceny wplywu wybranych czynników psychospolecznych na seksualnosc zolnierzy uczestniczacych w Polskim Kontyngencie Wojskowym w Afganistanie.

UNLABELLED: Sexual health problems of stabilization missions soldiers, contrary to other specific populations, have not been fully studied. However, effects of being in a war zone have been thoroughly investigated. Modern warfare soldier experiences stress related not only to life and health threat but also to separation from loved ones. Anxiety and depression as adaptive disorders, rarer posttraumatic disorder were diagnosed in participants of stabilization missions. These disorders as well as not diagnosed dysfunctions may have impact on sexual health. THE AIM OF STUDY: To assess the selected psychosocial factors on sexuality of veterans of Polish Military Contingent (PMC) in Afghanistan. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was carried out on 68 soldiers, participants of stabilization mission in Afghanistan. The following diagnostic tools were used: sexual history related to military service specificity was taken, IIEF questionnaire, Mell-Krat Scale for Men, scale of sexual pathology in men, questionnaire: 'Self-esteem on relationship with a partner'. RESULTS: According to the investigated individuals, taking part in a military mission did not increase present or trigger new problems in sex life. The examined soldiers were satisfied with their sexual activity, assessed themselves as good lovers and claimed to be perceived so by their partners. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study show that taking part in Polish Military Contingent seems to have had no negative effect on veterans sex life. Majority of the investigated veterans assessed well the relationship with a wife/partner as well as satisfaction from sexual activity and were aware of being well assessed by a wife/partner with reference to sexual activity.

[Results of the MMPI-2 test among patients suffer from depressive disorders and organic depressive disorders]. / Wykonanie testu MMPI-2 przez chorych z depresja i organicznymi zaburzeniami depresyjnymi.

UNLABELLED: The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is a psychological tool used in the diagnosis of various disorders and a helpful tool in determining the direction of the planned psychotherapeutic interactions. Is considered as a gold standard for diagnosis. The aim of the study was to compare the MMPI-2 test in patients with depressive disorders and organic depressive disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study involved 79 people (41 women, 38 men), hospitalized in the Department of Adult Psychiatry Medical University of Lódz. The subjects were divided into two groups: patients with depressive disorders (DD, n = 53) and patients with organic depressive disorders (ODD, n = 26). The study used MMPI-2 test. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in MMPI-2 test. Patients with DD have obtained higher scores on scales forming 'neurotic triad' (hypochondria, depression, hysteria), on a scale of psychopathy, psychasthenia and each of the five subscales of depression scale. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with depressive disorders achieved higher results than patients with depressive disorders in hypochondria, depression, hysteria, psychopathy, psychasthenia, social introversion scale and each of the five subscales of depression scale. Patients with organic depressive disorders in the test MMPI-2 tend to aggravation (unconscious exaggeration of symptoms), and elevated results on a scale of paranoia, schizophrenia, mania and masculinity-femininity.

[Assessment of psychosocial attitudes among homosexual men]. / Ocena postaw psychospolecznych mezczyzn o orientacji homoseksualnej.

UNLABELLED: Homosexuality, though more than 20 years no longer exists in the classification of diseases as a deviation, it is still by many people seen as such behavior. The aim of the study was to assess the situation and psychosocial attitudes in the group of homosexual men. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study involved a group of 187 men aged 20-54 years. The study population was characterized by hiding homosexual orientation, lack of a permanent partner for more than half of them and the tendency to avoid safe sex and taking a passive role in intimate contact. In the study a questionnaire prepared by the authors was used. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Most respondents hid his homosexuality from others, and over half of them do not have a permanent partner. Representatives of the study group, in most cases do not prefer safe sex and in intimate contact acted as passive.

[The use of RHLB battery for the evaluation of the lingual and social skills among psychiatric patients--case study]. / Zastosowanie baterii RHLB do oceny funkcji jezykowych i komunikacyjnych pacjentów psychiatrycznych--opis przypadku.

Prosody plays an important role in the process of verbal communication, complementing and emphasising the linguistic and emotional aspects of language. Disturbances of speech prosody are rarely recognised, although aprosodia occurs frequently in patients with schizophrenia. Prosodic disturbance of speech can significantly impair verbal communication and social functioning of patients with schizophrenia. Right-hemisphere is connected with emotional prosody deficits and left-hemisphere with linguistic prosody. The aim of the study is to describe. The Right Hemisphere Language Battery by Karen L. Bryan in the examination of patients with schizophrenia.

The MMPI-2 neurotic triad subscales and depression levels after pharmacological treatment in patients with depressive disorders - clinical study.

BACKGROUND: Affective disorders provide for one third of the main causes of psychiatric inpatient care, both in male and female subjects. An early diagnosis of the disease with precise identification of the character of its particular symptoms are key important factors for the efficacy of treatment. The goal of the study was an identification of possible associations between scores of the neurotic triad in the MMPI-2 test (hypochondria - Hs, depression - D, hysteria - Hy), evaluated at initial hospitalization period with remission degree assessed by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), following eight weeks of treatment with SSRI. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A group of 50 subjects took part in the study. The MMPI-2 test and HDRS were used in the study. The HDRS was performed at the therapy onset and reapplied after 8 weeks of its continuation. The MMPI-2 test was applied at the beginning of treatment. RESULTS: Higher scores in Hs (p=0.007), D (p=0.021) and Hy scales (p=0.001) are associated with the higher degree of depression, measured by the HDRS at the therapy onset. The highest performance in Hs scale (p=0.003) and Hy scale (p=0.001) evaluated on admission, was associated with the highest depression level after pharmacological treatment. CONCLUSION: The higher the degree of hypochondria and hysteria symptoms, measured by the MMPI-2 test at the onset of therapy in patients with depressive disorders, the higher severity of depression is being found after 8 weeks of therapy with SSRI agents, measured by the HDRS scale.