The Effectiveness of P6 and Auricular Acupressure as a Complimentary Therapy in Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting Among Patients With Cancer: Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is one of the most prevalent and distressing side effects of chemotherapy among patients with cancer worldwide. Despite continuing advances in antiemetic medicines, nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy remain a substantial therapeutic concern for many patients. However, P6 and Auricular acupressure (AA) have been recognized as potential therapy for managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of P6 and Auricular acupressure (AA) in reducing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting among patients with cancer. And to explore a prominent and effective evidence-based protocol for implementing acupressure to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. METHOD: This systematic review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Several databases were used to search for eligible studies using specific keywords. Only systematic reviews and clinical trials on acupressure for managing CINV among adults with cancer were included. This review covered articles published in English from 2015 to 2022. RESULTS: A total of 14 published studies were included in this review study; 10 articles were trial studies, and the other 4 were systematic review and meta-analysis studies. The quality of 10 included clinical trials were assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) Quality Assessment Tool for quantitative studies, the overall result showed that 40% of study rated with moderate quality, no study was rated with low quality, and (60%) studies rated as high-quality study. As well as the quality assessment of all review studies showed that the majority of included systematic reviews and meta-analysis with a low risk of bias and high to moderate power of evidence. In all included studies the acupressure was utilized as a primary complementary intervention for chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting. The result of this extensive and comprehensive review the P6 and auricular acupressure is an effective complementary therapy in reducing and controlling chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting among participants with various types of cancer and receiving various types of chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: The successful and effective application of acupressure in managing CINV for certain types of cancer had been supported in previous literature as a safe, affordable, and non-invasive alternative to pharmaceutical medications. However, standardization guidelines regarding the use of acupressure independently or in combination with other pharmacological therapies to address CINV in various cancers require immediate attention.

The experiences of young women living post-stroke in Jordan: a descriptive phenomenological study.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of stroke in younger adults is rising, particularly among women living with stroke who face multiple physical, psychological, and social challenges that negatively affect their quality of life. Consequently, women's roles in life would be negatively affected at home, work, and in society. This study aimed to explore the lived experience of women suffering from a stroke in Jordan. METHODOLOGY: This paper uses semi-structured interviews to present a descriptive phenomenological study of eight young women suffering from a stroke. The Colaizzi (1978) method was used to analyze interview transcripts. MAIN RESULTS: Three main emerging themes that describe the lived experiences of women with a stroke: 1) Experiencing stroke as a woman; 2) Stroke and the intimate relationship with the spouse; 3) Challenges of women's journey while receiving health care. CONCLUSION: After their stroke, Jordanian women have experienced profound, interrelated, and multifaceted difficulties in all aspects of their life and relationships inside and outside the family. Whilst healthcare providers recognize these stressful symptoms; however, there is a lack of attention and care to meet these needs.

Jordanian Nurses' Perspectives of Spirituality and Spiritual Care: A Qualitative Study.

BACKGROUND: Spirituality is considered one of the main aspects of wholesome care for human beings. Spirituality is a multidimensional concept and has several definitions in the literature. Most of the studies concerning spirituality were conducted in Western cultures and the Middle East; however, there are a limited number of studies regarding spirituality in Jordan. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore Jordanian nurses' perspectives on spirituality and spiritual care in a palliative care unit in 1 cancer center in Jordan. METHODS: A descriptive qualitative design with 20 semistructured interviews was used to access Jordanian nurses' perspectives on spirituality. This study was conducted in the major specialist center for the treatment of cancer in Jordan. A purposive sample of 20 registered nurses who had worked at least 6 months in the palliative care unit was recruited. RESULTS: Nurses' perceptions of spirituality were represented by 2 themes: spirituality means connectedness to "Allah," and spirituality evokes enjoyment in life. Two themes emerged in terms of nurses' perceptions of spiritual care: ensuring patients' comfort and relaxation, and sharing patients' religious rituals. CONCLUSION: These findings underscore the importance of the nurses' perspectives on spirituality in the context of Islamic and Arabic culture, and the need for training in spirituality. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The concept of spirituality is recognized as a fundamental aspect of the nurse's role, making it essential to improve nurses' capabilities to integrate spirituality courses into the nursing curriculum.

The effect of burdensome symptoms and functional status on quality of life among older patients with cancer: A correlational study.

PURPOSE: The current study aimed to assess the effect of burdensome symptoms and functional status on QoL among Jordanian older patients with cancer presenting to outpatient clinics. METHODS: A correlational design was implemented to collect data from 165 older patients with cancer visiting outpatient oncology clinics. RESULTS: Generally, the participants have a relatively low quality of life (M = 52.22 ± 24.57). The highest needs according to their functional status were difficulty walking a long distance (M = 3.06 ± 1.004; physical functional status), feeling limited in pursuing hobbies or leisure time activities (M = 2.32 ± 1.05; role functional status), feeling nervous (M = 2.36 ± 1.01; emotional functional status), having difficulty concentrating (M = 2.15 ± 1.04; cognitive functional status), and that physical condition or medical treatment interfered with their social activities (M = 2.36 ± 1.10; social functional status). Further, the most common distressing symptom was insomnia (n = 90, 54%), followed by fatigue (n = 79, 47.9%). Lastly, quality of life improved with better functional status (the strongest correlation was with the role functional status: r = 0.503, p < .001) and declined with higher symptom severity (the strongest correlation was with fatigue: r = -0.566, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: To conclude, the current study sheds light on older patients with cancer burdensome symptoms and functional status and their effect on quality of life. The findings suggest that patients suffer from several functional limitations and distressing symptoms that affect their quality of life, necessitating screening and corrective actions from healthcare providers.

Palliative care needs of Jordanian women's experience of living with stroke: a descriptive phenomenological study.

BACKGROUND: Stroke is a prevalent neurological disease that can have a profound impact on women's physical, psychosocial, and spiritual well-being. In many cases, women living with stroke may have marginalized palliative care needs that are often not adequately addressed by healthcare providers. Unfortunately, the experience of women with stroke and their specific palliative care needs have been largely overlooked in research conducted in Jordan. AIM: The purpose of this study is to examine the specific palliative care needs of women who have experienced a stroke and are currently living in Jordan. By conducting this research, we aim to identify the various physical, emotional, social, and spiritual needs of women with stroke and gain a better understanding of how these needs can be addressed through palliative care interventions. METHODS: This research utilized a phenomenological descriptive study approach to explore the experiences of twelve women recruited from the outpatient clinic of rehabilitation centers. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews. The analysis was conducted using the method of Colaizzi (1978), which involves identifying significant statements, extracting meanings, and formulating an exhaustive description of the phenomenon under study. RESULTS: The study findings uncovered three primary themes that reflect the palliative care needs of women who are currently living with stroke in Jordan, including (1) Spiritual practices, beliefs, and needs; (2) Coping with distressing symptoms; and (3) Managing the delivery of unfavorable news. DISCUSSION: This study provides valuable insights into the experiences of Jordanian women living with stroke, highlighting the far-reaching consequences of this condition on various aspects of their lives. The findings reveal that stroke has a significant impact on women's physical, emotional, social, and spiritual well-being, with many facing unmet palliative care needs. By illuminating these challenges, our study underscores the importance of taking a holistic approach to stroke care that addresses the multifaceted needs of women living with stroke. Healthcare providers must consider these findings and integrate palliative care interventions into treatment plans to improve the quality of life of women living with stroke in Jordan. CONCLUSION: This study provides valuable insights into the palliative care needs of women who have experienced a stroke. Our findings highlight the importance of addressing women's physical, psychosocial, and spiritual needs as part of a comprehensive approach to stroke care. We recommend integrating palliative care interventions into rehabilitation programs to improve the quality of life of women living with stroke in Jordan. By doing so, we can address the pain and complications that can arise from stroke, while also providing holistic support to address the emotional and spiritual impact of the illness. This approach has the potential to improve outcomes for women living with stroke and enhance their overall well-being.

Public awareness and knowledge of palliative care in Jordan.

BACKGROUND: Public perceptions of palliative care (PC) are crucial to enhance access to PC services and foster a sense of control over health decisions for people at the end of life. PURPOSE: To assess public knowledge of PC in Jordan. METHOD: A descriptive cross-sectional design with a stratified self-administered sample of 430 Jordanian citizens from all sectors in Jordan was used. Participants filled out the Palliative Care Knowledge Scale questionnaire. Data were analysed using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Statistics; descriptive, t-test, analysis of variance and regression test. RESULTS: The mean score on the 13-item Palliative Care Knowledge Scale was 3.51±4.71 (out of 13). This indicates a low level of knowledge about PC among participants; 78.6% (n=338) of the participants had not heard about PC. Participants who worked in health fields, had post-graduate degrees and a high income showed higher awareness of PC than others in the study. Most participants learnt about PC from family members. CONCLUSION: There is a lack of knowledge of palliative care in Jordanian public society. There is a crucial need to raise public awareness, and implement educational interventions to improve public awareness about palliative care.

The buffering role of social support on the severity of physical symptoms among patients living with cancer.

BACKGROUND: The role of perceived social support (the individual's perception that family, friends and others are available as psychological, social and material support) and its moderating effect on the psychological and physical factors among patients suffering medical problems is still debated. AIM: To explore the effect of perceived social support on the relationship between psychological and health-related factors on the severity of physical symptoms among patients with cancer. METHODS: A descriptive-correlational, cross-sectional design was used to recruit 459 patients with cancer from three major hospitals in Jordan. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: Social support was significantly correlated to the severity of physical symptoms (p>.05) among patients with cancer, while psychological distress, sadness, disturbed body image and anxiety were not (p<.05). The multiple hierarchal regression model showed that social support has no significant moderation effect on the relationship between psychological and health-related factors and the severity of physical symptoms controlling for sociodemographic factors among patients with cancer. CONCLUSION: Patients with cancer suffering physical and psychological disturbances do not benefit from social support as a way of controlling the severity of their symptoms. Palliative nurses need to tailor a social support intervention to their patients with cancer, in order to use both professional and family resources.

Do nurses participate in end-of-life decision making?

BACKGROUND: To explore how Jordanian nurses participate in the end-of-life (EoL) decision-making process. METHODS: Interviews with 10 patients and family caregivers, and focus group discussions with seven healthcare professionals (HCPs), were conducted. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed following inductive thematic analysis. FINDINGS: The participants agreed that nurses are not fully engaged and did not have a direct role in the EoL decision-making process. However, the participants highlighted that 'nurses bridge the gaps in the decision-making process', where nurses act as mediators to facilitate the decision-making process. Lastly, nurses were viewed as 'nurturers and supporters during the journey of the patient's illness'; they were always available to answer their questions, offer help and advise when necessary during palliative referral and throughout the illness. CONCLUSIONS: Although nurses did not directly participate in EoL decisions, they have several vital contributions that need to be rearranged into structured decisional coaching.

Death Anxiety and Associated Factors Among Oncology Nurses and Physicians.

Background: Providing care for dying patients is a stress-inducing, complicated, as well as essential responsibility for health care providers. Furthermore, end-of-life care is associated with intense personal emotions such as grief, anxiety, depression, frustration, and guilt. Moreover, caring for terminally ill patients is a challenging task that confronts physicians and nurses with the psychological concerns of dealing with death, which is accompanied by a high level of physical and psychological discomfort.Objective: This study was aimed to measure the level of death anxiety among oncology nurses and physicians and to determine the associated factors that influence their level of death anxiety.Method: A cross-sectional descriptive design was used to guide this study, a non-probability convenience sampling method was used to recruit 200 oncology nurses and physicians from one specialized cancer center in Jordan. Data were collected using an electronic self-reported questionnaire include demographic data sheet and Collett-Lester fear of death scale, as well as all participants were invited via email for voluntary participation in this study.Result: The results revealed that the oncology nurses and physicians exhibited a moderate levels of death anxiety (CLDFODS = 91.07), furthermore, the result showed that female nurses and physicians exhibited a higher level of anxiety than male. Further, there were statistically significant differences in nurses' and physicians' level of death anxiety according to years of experience, receiving previous education on death and dying, and religious beliefs. On the other hand, there is no statistically significant differences in nurses' and physicians' level of death anxiety based on present or previous experience with loss of someone close to them.Conclusion: Jordanian oncology Nurses and physicians exhibited a moderate levels of death anxiety and fear of death, therefore, they have to address the inevitability of mortality since they are caring for dying patients frequently. They have to understand and acknowledge their thoughts regarding death and dying, as well as their death anxiety level before interacting with dying patients.

Gender as a Moderator of Spirituality and Spiritual Care in ICU Nurses During COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: Earlier research has found that female healthcare providers often report greater spirituality and spiritual care than males. This would evoke attention toward factors contributing to such differences, particularly gender. Aim: To examine the moderating effects of gender on the relationships between demographic characteristics of ICU nurses and their perceived spirituality and spiritual care. Methods: A cross-sectional correlational design was used to recruit a national sample of 865 nurses working in ICUs in Jordan and providing care to patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Data were collected using a self-report bilingual version of Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale (SSC) and analysed using the SPSS software package. Results: Social status, monthly income, and receiving previous courses or lecture training on spirituality and spiritual care were predictors of higher SSCRS scores. Working with COVID-19 patients was a positive predictor (B = 0.074, p = 0.023), suggesting that working with COVID-19 patients is more likely to have a higher level of SSC. Gender was a negative predictor (B = -0.066, p = 0.046), suggesting that female participants are likelier to have a lower SSC score. Conclusion: Working with patients during the COVID-19 pandemic positively impacted nurses' perception of SCC, but female nurses had lower score than male nurses indicating the need for more emphasis on training female nurses and exploring further the areas in which they need more training and to be able to provide an effective SSC. A sustainable up-to-date training and in-service education programs responding to nurses' needs and emerged emergencies crisis need to be integrated into nursing quality of care policy development.

Decision Making Near End of Life: A Qualitative Exploration of the Lived Experiences of Jordanian Healthcare Providers.

BACKGROUND: Discussions related to a patient's prognosis and interventions near end of life are challenging and stressful for healthcare providers. Many reported experiencing emotional distress and discomfort during the decision-making process. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to describe the lived experience of nurses and physicians who participate in decision making near the end of a patient's life. METHODS: A descriptive, phenomenological approach was used with a purposive sample of 7 nurses and 6 physicians from 2 palliative and end-of-life care institutions in Jordan. Data derived from focus group discussions conducted online via the ZOOM video communication application, and analysis followed Colaizzi's qualitative methodology. RESULTS: Three major themes emerged from the healthcare providers' experiences. Initially, the participants described how they "strive toward optimal decision-making near end of life," "the overwhelming experience of decision making near end of life," and finally, their struggle in sharing details about the end of life when patients ask and whether to tell or not to tell them as "the time for hard talk." CONCLUSIONS: The healthcare providers' experiences revealed several issues of decision making near a patient's end of life, such as a lack of appropriate training and administrative support, emotional distress, fear of legal liability, and the burden of a hard talk with patients. These findings necessitate institutional support of setting appropriate policies and guidelines, staff counseling, and healthcare provider support. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Institutions providing palliative and end-of-life care can use this study's findings to support their staff by setting appropriate practice guidelines and providing staff training and counseling.

Death and Dying Through the Lens of Jordanian Muslim Patients and Caregivers.

The current phenomenological-qualitative study explored the meaning of death and dying from a Jordanian-Muslim perspective. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with eight patients and five family caregivers, then analyzed following the Braun and Clarke steps. The analysis revealed two main themes; confronting death and preparing for a good death. The experience of terminal illness compelled the patients and their family caregivers to think of imminent death and want to prepare for it. On the other hand, Muslim terminally-ill patients accepted death and surrendered to God's decree; however, they feared the unknown of the dying experience. Furthermore, the patients were concerned about being a burden to their families during the last days of their lives. Additionally, Muslim patients and caregivers identified five components of a 'good death' from the Arab-Muslims' perspectives, including having a good closure, dying with dignity, coming to peace, not dying alone, and having a religious engagement.

Attitude and Associated Factors Toward end of Life Care among Nurses Working in Kuwait Hospitals: A Cross-sectional Study.

Objective: The current study assessed the attitude toward end of life (EOL) care among nurses working in Kuwait hospitals. Material and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional design was used to recruit 900 nurses from nine public, private and military hospitals in Kuwait. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire of the Frommelt Attitude Toward the Care of Dying questionnaire. Results: The results showed that nurses in Kuwait had a favourable and supportive attitude towards EOL care, mainly toward the families' need for emotional support, care for the dying patients, involving the family in care, and accepting death. Further, attitude scores differed significantly based on nurses' age, year of experience, education level, nationality, type of hospital, and place of work. Conclusion: Nurses working in Kuwait have a favourable attitude toward care for dying patients but an unfavourable perception toward making conversation with patients about death. Hence, providing appropriate awareness to nurses about death and dying in Kuwait might be a promising intervention to improve their attitude and sensitise the concept of death among them.

The experience of family support among patients newly diagnosed with cancer in Jordan.

PURPOSE: To describe the experiences of family support from the perspectives of patients newly diagnosed with cancer. METHODS: Descriptive qualitative phenomenological design was undertaken, including in-depth individual interviews with 13 newly diagnosed cancer patients from two hospitals in Jordan. RESULTS: Three themes emerged: 'being there,' 'family reunion and connectedness,' and 'gratified with family support.' Being there includes the compassion of family together, support by encouragement, and using religious rituals and traditional remedies. A cancer diagnosis brings family reunions and connectedness and strengthens relationships between spouses. The patients expressed gratitude that their families were compassionate, active listeners, and willing to help, which helped them make decisions related to cancer treatment and overcome their fears. CONCLUSIONS: Findings show the strength and priority of family support in Jordanian Arabic culture during an initial cancer diagnosis. In cultures where family members take the burden of care, religion and cultural practices play a vital role in directing patient care. Understanding the experiences of family support from the patients' view could help nurses provide comprehensive and culturally sensitive care and requires adopting a family-centered approach in preparing care plans for patients.

The effect of spiritual well-being on symptom experience in patients with cancer.

PURPOSE: To explore the effect of spiritual well-being on the symptom experience of patients with cancer. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional survey that enrolled 459 patients with cancer from three large hospitals in Jordan in 2018. Participants completed questionnaires related to demographic data, spiritual well-being, and symptom experience. Additional information was obtained from the medical record review. We then conducted multiple regression to evaluate if spiritual well-being predicts the patients' reported symptom distress. RESULTS: Patients reported thirty-six symptoms. Of which 15 have a prevalence of more than 30%. Fatigue was the most prevalent symptom (n = 282, 61.4%), followed by pain (n = 243, 52.9%) and anxiety (n = 230, 50.1%). Spiritual well-being predicted 7.1% of the total variance in patients' symptom distress (F, 19.650; p < 0.0001). Additional predictors were gender, education level, having a problem covering the treatment cost, family cancer history, and whether taking a complementary treatment or not. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with cancer experience multiple symptoms related to the disease and its treatment. Improving patients' spiritual well-being through an increased sense of meaning and peace can improve cancer symptom experience by decreasing symptom distress. In general, hospitals in Jordan focus on direct symptom management and do not look after patients' spiritual needs. Raising awareness about the importance of patients' spiritual well-being and providing appropriate spiritual assessment and interventions to patients with spiritual distress can improve patients' symptom experience.

Involvement of Jordanian Patients and Their Families in Decision Making Near End of Life, Challenges and Recommendations.

This study aims to explore the challenges in involving patients and their families in decision making near end of life and to provide recommendations to overcome these challenges. A qualitative descriptive phenomenological approach was used with a purposive sample of 8 patients, 7 family caregivers, 7 nurses, and 6 physicians from 2 institutions that provide palliative and end-of-life care services in Jordan. Data were collected using interviews with patients and family caregivers and focus group discussions with nurses and physicians. Colaizzi's method was used to analyze the data. The thematic analysis revealed 5 themes representing the participants' experiences of challenges with decision making near end of life. The identified challenges are (1) struggle with lack of information; (2) improper communication; (3) patient's or family's decision: the cultural taboo; (4) health care providers prefer staying in their comfort zone; and (5) the paradox of surviving and letting go. In addition, the participants endorsed several recommendations to raise public awareness of palliative and end-of-life care, amplify the patients' voice, and raise the bar of communication sensitivity. Decision making near the end of life is a challenge. However, the current study highlighted several areas for improvement that can improve the process and optimize patients' and their families' involvement.

Perspectives and Attitudes of Jordanian Male College Students on Breast Cancer Screening.

The purpose of this study is to understand the attitudes of young Jordanian men towards breast cancer screening practices. A qualitative descriptive design informed by Clendenin and Connelly was used. Thirty-seven in-depth semi-structured individual audiotaped interviews were conducted. The analysis of the men's attitudes toward breast cancer captures the perception that breast cancer is an illness that occurs mainly later in life. This was associated with the perception of negative impact of cancer diagnosis on a young woman's social status and family role. Men believed that breast cancer preventive practices must be performed in a similar context of women's religious and cultural background. Younger generations are in need for health education related to breast cancer and its screening. It is important to provide support and guidance for young men to be more involved in providing early detection of breast cancer.

Nurses' Perceptions of Spirituality and Spiritual Care Giving: A Comparison Study Among All Health Care Sectors in Jordan.

AIMS: This study aimed to describe nurses' perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care in Jordan, and to investigate the relationship between their perceptions and their demographic variables. METHODS: The study used a cross-sectional descriptive design and recruited a convenience sample of 408 Jordanian registered nurses to complete the spiritual care giving scale. RESULTS: The findings of the study demonstrated that most of the participating nurses had a high level of spirituality and spiritual care perception. Significant differences were found between male and female nurses' perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care (P < 0.05); previous attendance of courses on spiritual care also made a significant difference to perceptions (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The research findings suggest that, Jordanian nurses' gender made a difference in their perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care. They had satisfactory levels of perception of spirituality and spiritual care. Moreover, spiritual care courses appeared to have a positive impact on their perception of spirituality and spiritual care. Enhancing nursing care by integrating standardized spiritual care into the current nursing care, training, and education should also be emphasized.

Jordanian women's personal practices regarding prevention and early detection of breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer, as a leading cause of mortality, is responsible for 12.5% of all deaths in Jordan. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to describe Jordanian women's personal practices and perceptions of breast cancer screening tests. METHODS: A quantitative cross-sectional survey using a proportionate stratified sample of 331 women was conducted. The target population includes all Jordanian women living in high- and low-density neighborhoods. The population involved women from the 12 governorates areas. RESULTS: Perception of susceptibility, confidence in performing breast self-examination (BSE) barriers of the group that had previously performed BSE were significantly higher than those who did not practice (t = 8.38, p = .02; t = 9.90, p = .00; t = -0.98, p = .01, respectively). CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide information to policy makers and healthcare leaders who seek to improve breast cancer prevention and response to cancer control efforts.

Development and psychometric evaluation of the Chronic Kidney Disease Screening Index.

OBJECTIVE: Public understanding of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is important to ensure informed participation in CKD prevention programs. This study aimed to develop and to test the psychometric profile of the CKD Screening Index that measures patient's knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding CKD prevention and early detection. METHODS: A cross-sectional design was implemented and a total of 740 Jordanian patients recognized at risk for CKD were recruited by convenience sampling from out-patient departments. Development and psychometric validation of the CKD Screening Index were conducted in four phases: (1) item generation, (2) pilot study, (3) preliminary psychometric validation study to examine factor structure, and (4) final psychometric validation with 740 participants. RESULTS: On factor analysis, 24 items categorical knowledge items loaded into one factor and yielded a Guttman Split-Half Coefficient of 0.80. In a separate factor analysis, 15 items were loaded on two attitude factors (Cronbach alpha coefficient = 0.69), and nine items loaded on two practice factors (Cronbach alpha coefficient = 0.68). The CKD Screening Index associated significantly and negatively with depressed and anxious patients compared to their counterparts. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: This promising CKD Screening Index can be used for an early identification of patients at risk for CKD, thus, allowing the development of interventions to raise these patients' awareness. Future studies are needed on other populations with different cultural background to support reliability and validity of this new instrument.