CLINICAL-AND-FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT OF THE EARLY POSTOPERATIVE OUTCOME OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH VESTIBULAR SCHWANNOMA.

The incidence of vestibular schwannoma (VS) increased largely within the last 50 years from 1,5 cases per 100 thousand persons to 4,2 (for the last decade). The approaches to the management of VS patients vary significantly in different medical centers and different countries. The search for the consensus in selecting strategy of VS treatment based on systemic clinical-and-functional assessment of treatment outcome is topical nowadays. The aim of study - to analyze the clinical-and-functional early postoperative outcome of the surgical treatment of vestibular schwannoma depending on the stage of the disease. The findings of the examination and the outcomes of the surgical treatment of 27 VS patients were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were treated at the Department of Subtentorial Neurosurgery of the State Institution "Romodanov Institute of Neurosurgery of the NAMS of Ukraine" in 2018-2019. According to Koos classification, three groups of the patients were delineated for the analysis of the results of the study, namely, group 1 (Koos II) - 8 (29,6 %) patients; group 2 (Koos III) - 6 (22,2 %); and group 3 (Koos IV) - 13 (48,2 %). The complex clinical examination, in particular clinical-and-instrumental otoneurological examination and the evaluation of the neurological status according to the Scale for the assessment of the functional treatment outcome were performed preoperatively and early postoperatively. The data were statistically processed. In the patients with small tumors (group 1, Koos II), the socially useful hearing on the affected side was preserved preoperatively necessitating the caution for selecting the treatment strategy in these patients. When pre- and postoperative clinical symptoms were compared in group 1, the statistically significant worsening of the hearing to the socially non-useful, the unilateral subjective tinnitus, the dysfunction of the facial nerve, the decreased sense of taste/loss of taste on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue on the affected side were found. Upon the surgical treatment, the rate of the neurological deficit increased, and the severity grade of the neurological deficit increased by about 10 points. The overall preoperative score in group 3 (Koos IV) was significantly different from that in other groups. The progression of the disease to the stage of Koos IV results in the neurological deficit that is equivalent by the set of the neurological symptoms and their severity to that in early postoperative period in patients with Koos III. In group 3, the rate of the dysfunction of the facial nerve and the caudal group of the cranial nerves increased postoperatively with concomitant decreased sense of taste/loss of taste on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue on the affected side and statocoordinatory impairments. The overall preoperative score differed significantly between all groups. In group 3, the postoperative overall score did not differ from preoperative one, although the postoperative overall score in group 3 (Koos ІV) differed significantly from that in other two groups. The proposed scale for the assessment of the functional outcome of the VS treatment is versatile and represents the integral element of the systemic assessment of the clinical-and-functional status of VS patient. There are good reasons to integrate proposed scale into the general scheme of the medical care for VS patients allowing for the objective assessment of the otoneurological patterns in the patients in the dynamics of the treatment. The analysis of our own findings and the literature data proved the relevance of the problem requiring further task-oriented scientific inquiry. The important aspects of the problem relate to the optimization and improvement of the diagnostic and treatment strategy according to the principles of individualization and multimodality allowing for increasing the level of consensus and improving the functional outcome of the treatment.

DENDRITIC CELLS IN GLIOBLASTOMA TREATMENT: A MODERN VIEW OF THE PROBLEM AND OWN EXPERIENCE.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary malignant brain tumor in adults. The improvement of the efficacy of GBM treatment is an urgent problem encouraging the development of novel therapeutic strategies, in particular, immunotherapeutic modalities. With more understanding of the intimate interrelationships between the immune system and the mechanisms involved in cancer origin and progression, the skepticism related to the relevance of the immunotherapeutic approaches in the treatment of brain tumors is gradually decreasing. The review discloses the modern concepts on the association between CNS and the immune system. For a long time, CNS was considered as the immunoprivileged site that prevents the effects of immunotherapy in the treatment of brain tumors. Nowadays, these views are reconsidered, which opens the way to the use of immunotherapeutic approaches in GBM treatment. The results of the recent clinical trials on immunotherapy as a supplement to the conventional GBM treatment are considered. Vaccines based on the dendritic cell (DC) technology are regarded as the most promising for this purpose. The preliminary results of the Ukrainian clinical study are also presented and discussed. The results of the international clinical trials as well as our own experience give evidence of the relevance for using DC vaccines in the complex treatment of GBM, which is supported by the increased survival of patients and the safety of vaccine application. It is of high importance that GBM patients with the most unfavorable prognosis can benefit from DC vaccines as a component of the complex treatment. The prospects for immunotherapy in neurooncology are discussed.

RADIOSURGICAL TREATMENT OF RECURRENT GLIOBLASTOMA AND PROGNOSTIC FACTORS AFFECTING TREATMENT OUTCOMES.

BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent malignant tumor of the brain in adults with the inherent aggressive behavior and high recurrence rate. The stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is currently considered as one of the effective modalities for GBM treatment allowing for the improvement of survival with the acceptable toxicity level. AIM: To assess the effects of various factors on the survival of GBM patients following SRS. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed treatment outcomes of 68 patients who received SRS for recurrent GBM treatment in 2014-2020. SRS was delivered with Trilogy linear accelerator (6 MeV). The area of recurrent tumor/continued tumor growth was irradiated. For the treatment of the primary GBM, the adjuvant radiotherapy was provided at the standard fractionated regimen with the total boost dose of 60 Gy divided to 30 fractions (Stupp's protocol) in the setting of the concomitant chemotherapy with temozolomide. 36 patients then received temozolomide as the maintenance chemotherapy. SRS for the treatment of recurrent GBM was provided at a boost dose of 20.2 Gy on average being delivered into 1-5 fractions with average single dose of 12.4 Gy. The survival was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method with a log-rank test used for assessing the impact of the independent predictors on the survival risks. RESULTS: The median overall survival (OS) was 21.7 months (95% confidence interval (CІ) 16.4-43.1), median survival after SRS was 9.3 months (95% CІ 5.6-22.7). The majority of patients (72%) were alive for at least 6 months following SRS and about half of patients (48%) survived for at least 24 months following the resection of the primary tumor. OS and survival after SRS depend significantly on the extent of the surgical resection of the primary tumor. The addition of temozolomide to radiotherapy prolongs survival in GBM patients. The relapse time affected significantly OS (p = 0.00008), but not survival after SRS. Neither OS, nor survival after SRS were affected significantly by such factors as the age of patients, the number of SRS fractions (one fraction vs several fractions), and target volume. CONCLUSION: Radiosurgery improves the survival in patients with recurrent GBM. The extent of the surgical resection and adjuvant alkylating chemotherapy of the primary tumor, overall biologically effective dose and time between the primary diagnosis and SRS affect significantly the survival. The search for the more effective schedules for treating such patients requires further studies with more numerous cohorts of patients and extended follow-up.

Temozolomide in glioblastoma treatment: 15-year clinical experience and analysis of its efficacy.

AIM: To analyze retrospectively the efficacy of temozolomide (TMZ) in various treatment regimens in glioblastoma patients accounting for varying parameters of their treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 302 glioblastoma patients were treated at the State Institution "Romodanov Institute of Neurosurgery of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine" from 2003 through 2017. All the patients were surgically treated. In 205 patients, the surgery was followed by adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) with concomitant TMZ (RT + TMZ group). In 97 patients, the surgery was followed by adjuvant RT only (RT group). Kaplan - Meier survival analysis with log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis were used for comparing overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) depending on the age and gender of the patients, the extent of tumor resection, the chemotherapy intensity and the type of RT. RESULTS: In RT + TMZ group as a whole, OS median was 20.7 months vs 10.8 months in RT group (р < 0.0001). The RFS was 14.8 months vs 7.9 months, correspondingly (р < 0.0001).The survival did not depend on the age, gender or localization of the tumor. On the contrary, the intensity of CTX (the number of TMZ cycles in adjuvant mode), the extent of tumor resection, and the type of RT were among the factors affecting significantly OS and RFS. The improvement in OS and RFS with increasing number of the maintenance TMZ courses was more significant in the patients aged below 60. The use of stereotactic conformal mode for RT provides an advantage in the survival over the conventional RT in RT + TMZ group. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of concomitant and adjuvant maintenance CTX with TMZ was the most effective CTX regimen affecting positively OS and RFS.

[Expediency of the liposuction in surgery of abdominal surgery, abdominal diseases and small organs of the pelvis]. / Tselesoobraznost' osushchestvleniia dermatolipéktomii pri vypolnenii operatsii po povodu gryzhi zhivota, zabolevanii organov briushnoi polosti i malogo taza.

The experience of performance of dermatolipectomy in 124 patients while conducting operative intervention for abdominal hernia and for the abdominal cavity and the small pelvis organs diseases was summarized. The risk degree of the simultant operation performance was estimated while conducting the proper preoperative preparation and the surgical correction volume was planned beforehand. The simultant operation performance did not influence the stationary treatment duration significantly, it also permitted to reduce the duration of temporary disability to shorten significantly the treatment expenses, to stop the stress influence on patient's psychological state caused be the reoperation conduction necessity. Low-molecular heparin fraxiparin (produced by Sanofi firm) was applied for the thromboembolic complications prophylaxis under control of the blood coagulation time and of the coagulogramm indices.