Effects of exercise interventions on quality of life in patients with breast cancer: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To compare and rank the effectiveness of four primary categories of exercise modalities (aerobic, resistance, mind-body, and combined exercise [CE]) in improving the Quality of life (QoL) of women with breast cancer in a network meta-analysis (NMA). METHODS: Articles published in English and indexed in the PubMed (MEDLINE), EBSCO, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, The Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and CINAHL Plus databases were identified from inception to 12 October 2023. Studies that met the eligibility criteria were assessed for risk of bias. A frequentist NMA was conducted to appraise the efficacy of different exercise types. RESULTS: This study included 56 studies with 3904 participants. Aerobic, mind-body, and combined exercises effectively improved QoL compared to controls. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) indicated that CE best improved patients' QoL (SUCRA = 96.7%). Analysis of the secondary outcomes suggests that exercise reduced patients' depression (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.70 to -0.06, p < 0.001; I2 = 79%) and anxiety (SMD = -0.50, 95% CI = -0.69 to -0.31, p < 0.001; I2 = 27.4%) but did not affect self-esteem. CONCLUSION: All exercise types but resistance were effective in improving the QoL of women with breast cancer, CE (the combination of aerobic and resistance exercise) had the highest likelihood of being optimal for improving QoL.

Biofilm enhances the interactive effects of microplastics and oxytetracycline on zebrafish intestine.

The enhanced adsorption of pollutants on biofilm-developed microplastics has been proved in many studies, but the ecotoxicological effects of biofilm-developed microplastics on organisms are still unclear. In this study, adult zebrafish were exposed to original microplastics, biofilm-developed microplastics, original microplastics absorbed with oxytetracycline (OTC), and biofilm-developed microplastics absorbed with OTC for 30 days. The intestinal histological damage, intestinal biomarker response, gut microbiome and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) profile of zebrafish were measured to explore the roles of biofilm in the effects of microplastics. The results showed that biofilm-developed microplastics significantly increased the number of goblet cells in intestinal epithelium compared with the control group. The biofilm-developed microplastics also induced the oxidative response in the zebrafish intestines, and biofilm changed the response mode in the combined treatment with OTC. Additionally, the biofilm-developed microplastics caused intestinal microbiome dysbiosis, and induced the abundance of some pathogenic genera increasing by several times compared with the control group and the original microplastics treatments, regardless of OTC adsorption. Furthermore, the abundance of ARGs in biofilm-developed microplastics increased significantly compared with the control and the original microplastic treatments. This study emphasized the significant influence and unique role of biofilm in microplastic studies.

The role of targeting glucose metabolism in chondrocytes in the pathogenesis and therapeutic mechanisms of osteoarthritis: a narrative review.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease that can affect almost any joint, mainly resulting in joint dysfunction and pain. Worldwide, OA affects more than 240 million people and is one of the leading causes of activity limitation in adults. However, the pathogenesis of OA remains elusive, resulting in the lack of well-established clinical treatment strategies. Recently, energy metabolism alterations have provided new insights into the pathogenesis of OA. Accumulating evidence indicates that glucose metabolism plays a key role in maintaining cartilage homeostasis. Disorders of glucose metabolism can lead to chondrocyte hypertrophy and extracellular matrix degradation, and promote the occurrence and development of OA. This article systematically summarizes the regulatory effects of different enzymes and factors related to glucose metabolism in OA, as well as the mechanism and potential of various substances in the treatment of OA by affecting glucose metabolism. This provides a theoretical basis for a better understanding of the mechanism of OA progression and the development of optimal prevention and treatment strategies.

Knockdown of DNMT1 Induces SLCO3A1 to Promote Follicular Growth by Enhancing the Proliferation of Granulosa Cells in Mammals.

In female mammals, the proliferation and apoptosis of granulosa cells (GCs) have been shown to determine the fate of follicles. DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and SLCO3A1 have been reported to be involved in the survival of GCs and follicular growth. However, the molecular mechanisms enabling DNMTs to regulate the expression of SLCO3A1 to participate in follicular growth are unclear. In this study, we found that the knockdown of DNMT1 enhanced the mRNA and protein levels of SLCO3A1 by regulating the chromatin accessibility probably. Moreover, SLCO3A1 upregulated the mRNA and protein levels of MCL1, PCNA, and STAR to promote the proliferation of GCs and facilitated cell cycle progression by increasing the mRNA and protein levels of CCNE1, CDK2, and CCND1, but it decreased apoptosis by downregulating the mRNA and protein levels of CASP3 and CASP8. Moreover, SLCO3A1 promoted the growth of porcine follicles and development of mice follicles. In conclusion, the knockdown of DNMT1 upregulated the mRNA and protein levels of SLCO3A1, thereby promoting the proliferation of GCs to facilitate the growth and development of ovarian follicles, and these results provide new insights into investigations of female reproductive diseases.

The Effects and Mechanisms of pH and Dissolved Oxygen Conditions on the Release of Arsenic at the Sediment-Water Interface in Taihu Lake.

The pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions are important environmental factors that control the migration of arsenic (As) at the sediment-water interface. This study investigates the distribution differences of reactive iron, manganese, and arsenic at the sediment-water interface under anaerobic and aerobic conditions at different pH levels. The strong buffering capacity of sediment to water pH results in a shift towards neutral pH values in the overlying water under different initial pH conditions. The level of DO becomes a key factor in the release of As from sediment, with lower DO environments exhibiting higher release quantities and rates of As compared to high DO environments. Under low DO conditions, the combined effects of ion exchange and anaerobic reduction lead to the most significant release of As, particularly under pH 9.5 conditions. The formation of amorphous ferrous sulfide compounds under low DO conditions is a significant factor contributing to increased arsenic concentration in the interstitial water. Therefore, the re-migration of endogenous arsenic in shallow lake sediments should consider the combined effects of multiple driving forces.

Molecular mechanisms of COVID-19-induced pulmonary fibrosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

As the outbreak of COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) first broke out in Hubei Province, China, at the end of 2019. It has brought great challenges and harms to global public health. SARS-CoV-2 mainly affects the lungs and is mainly manifested as pulmonary disease. However, one of the biggest crises arises from the emergence of COVID-19-induced fibrosis. At present, there are still many questions about how COVID-19 induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) occurs and how to treat and regulate its long-term effects. In addition, as an important process of fibrosis, the effect of COVID-19 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) may be an important factor driving PF. This review summarizes the main pathogenesis and treatment mechanisms of COVID-19 related to PF. Starting with the basic mechanisms of PF, such as EMT, transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß), fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, inflammation, macrophages, innate lymphoid cells, matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, hedgehog pathway as well as Notch signaling. Further, we highlight the importance of COVID-19-induced EMT in the process of PF and provide an overview of the related molecular mechanisms, which will facilitate future research to propose new clinical therapeutic solutions for the treatment of COVID-19-induced PF.

Effect of different modalities of artificial intelligence rehabilitation techniques on patients with upper limb dysfunction after stroke-A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: This study aimed to observe the effects of six different types of AI rehabilitation techniques (RR, IR, RT, RT + VR, VR and BCI) on upper limb shoulder-elbow and wrist motor function, overall upper limb function (grip, grasp, pinch and gross motor) and daily living ability in subjects with stroke. Direct and indirect comparisons were drawn to conclude which AI rehabilitation techniques were most effective in improving the above functions. Methods: From establishment to 5 September 2022, we systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that met the inclusion criteria were included. The risk of bias in studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaborative Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. A cumulative ranking analysis by SUCRA was performed to compare the effectiveness of different AI rehabilitation techniques for patients with stroke and upper limb dysfunction. Results: We included 101 publications involving 4,702 subjects. According to the results of the SUCRA curves, RT + VR (SUCRA = 84.8%, 74.1%, 99.6%) was most effective in improving FMA-UE-Distal, FMA-UE-Proximal and ARAT function for subjects with upper limb dysfunction and stroke, respectively. IR (SUCRA = 70.5%) ranked highest in improving FMA-UE-Total with upper limb motor function amongst subjects with stroke. The BCI (SUCRA = 73.6%) also had the most significant advantage in improving their MBI daily living ability. Conclusions: The network meta-analysis (NMA) results and SUCRA rankings suggest RT + VR appears to have a greater advantage compared with other interventions in improving upper limb motor function amongst subjects with stroke in FMA-UE-Proximal and FMA-UE-Distal and ARAT. Similarly, IR had shown the most significant advantage over other interventions in improving the FMA-UE-Total upper limb motor function score of subjects with stroke. The BCI also had the most significant advantage in improving their MBI daily living ability. Future studies should consider and report on key patient characteristics, such as stroke severity, degree of upper limb impairment, and treatment intensity/frequency and duration. Systematic review registration: www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#recordDetail, identifier: CRD42022337776.

Lattice Strain Mediated Reversible Reconstruction in CoMoO4·0.69H2O for Intermittent Oxygen Evolution.

A heterogeneous interface usually plays a versatile role in modulating catalysis and the durability of hybrid electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and its intrinsic mechanism is still in dispute due to an uncertain correlation of initial, intermediate and active phases. In this article, the CoMoO4·0.69H2O/Co3O4 heterogeneous interface is configured to understand the evolution kinetics of these correlated phases. Due to the chemically and electrochemically "inert" character of Co3O4 support, lattice strain with 3.31% tuning magnitude in primary CoMoO4·0.69H2O can be inherited after spontaneous dissolution of molybdenum cations in electrolyte, dominating catalytic activity of the reconstructed CoOOH. In situ Raman spectroscopy demonstrates reversible conversion between active CoOOH and amorphous cobalt oxide during OER when positive and negative potentials are sequentially supplied onto hybrid catalysts with favorable strain. Therefore, superior durability with negligible decay after 10 cycles is experimentally identified for intermittent oxygen evolution. Theoretical calculations indicate that appropriate stress within the electrocatalyst could reduce the reaction energy barrier and enhance the OER performance by optimizing the adsorption of intermediates.

Influence of environmental factors on arsenic accumulation and biotransformation using the aquatic plant species Hydrilla verticillata.

Hydrilla verticillata (waterthyme) has been successfully used for phytoremediation in arsenic (As) contaminated water. To evaluate the effects of environmental factors on phytoremediation, this study conducted a series of orthogonal design experiments to determine optimal conditions, including phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), and arsenate (As(V)) concentrations and initial pH levels, for As accumulation and biotransformation using this aquatic plant species, while also analyzing As species transformation in culture media after 96-hr exposure. Analysis of variance and the signal-to-noise ratio were used to identify both the effects of these environmental factors and their optimal conditions for this purpose. Results indicated that both N and P significantly impacted accumulation, and N was essential in As species transformation. High N and intermediate P levels were critical to As accumulation and biotransformation by H. verticillata, while high N and low P levels were beneficial to As species transformation in culture media. The highest total arsenic accumulation was (197.2 ± 17.4) µg/g dry weight when As(V) was at level 3 (375 µg/L), N at level 2 (4 mg/L), P at level 1 (0.02 mg/L), and pH at level 2 (7). Although H. verticillata is highly efficient in removing As(V) from aquatic environments, its use could be potentially harmful to both humans and the natural environment due to its release of highly toxic arsenite. For cost-effective and ecofriendly phytoremediation of As-contaminated water, both N and P are helpful in regulating As accumulation and transformation in plants.

Point-of-Care Ultrasound-A New Option for Early Quantitative Assessment of Pulmonary Edema.

The aim of the work described here was to investigate the value of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in the early assessment of the severity of pulmonary edema in rabbits. A rabbit oleic acid (OA)-induced pulmonary edema model was used. Thirty-two New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: a control group and three pulmonary edema groups (mild, moderate and severe). Features of transthoracic B-line artifacts (BLA), blood pH, PaO2 and PaCO2, serum inflammatory factors, lung coefficient (LC), lung wet-to-dry weight ratio (W/D) and lung histopathology were assessed. BLA features and severity of pulmonary edema were semiquantitatively scored. Correlations between the number of BLA and PaO2, PaCO2, serum inflammatory factors, LC and W/D were analyzed. An additional 8 rabbits with severe pulmonary edema were used as the verified group, in which the lung was divided into ex vivo BLA (BLA-ev)-free (BLA-ev-free) and BLA-ev-clustered subregions depending on the features of BLA-ev recorded by ex vivo lung ultrasound. Lung specimens from each subregion were collected for histopathological examination. Relationships between features of BLA-ev and lung histopathological abnormalities were analyzed. With increasing doses of OA, number of BLA, W/D and levels of serum inflammatory factors decreased. Meanwhile, lung pathologic abnormalities were aggravated. In addition, time of appearance of BLA, blood pH and PaO2, and PaCO2 decreased dose dependently on OA (p < 0.05). Number of BLA was linear positively correlated with severity of pulmonary edema (r = 0.953, p < 0.05). Consistently, the features of BLA-ev reflected the severity of lung histopathological abnormalities (r = 0.936, p < 0.05). Thus, POCUS is useful in the early quantitative assessment of the severity of pulmonary edema.

Influence of algal blooms decay on arsenic dynamics at the sediment-water interface of a shallow lake.

Algal blooms decay affects the mobility, bioavailability, and toxicity of arsenic (As) in aquatic environments. The decaying process alters aquatic redox conditions and also introduces ample organic matter, conditions favorable for microbial reduction to simulate As release and As species transformation. This study investigated the role of algae (Microcystis aeruginosa (MA)) blooms decay on the dynamics of labile As and elements associated with its release, such as iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and sulfide (S), at the sediment-water surface (SWI) of a shallow lake (Lake Taihu) in China, applying mesocosm incubation. A combined AgI/ZrO-Chelex diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technology was used to examine labile As, Fe, Mn, and S variations in sediments during none-MA, low-MA, and high-MA treatments. High-MA blooms decay generated strong anoxic conditions, which are favorable for the release of labile As, Fe, Mn, and S from sediment. Labile S produced from the reduction of sulfate caused by decaying MA was likely removed by labile Fe through the formation of Fe-sulfides under reducing conditions. Furthermore, this condition facilitated arsenate (As(V)) reduction to arsenite (As(III)), which was weakly adsorbed by Fe-sulfides and thus mobilized to the aqueous phase. An increase in the sediment resupply of solids As to pore water along with MA blooms decay was also revealed by the DGT-induced fluxes in sediment model, coupled with the average desorption rate constant increasing from 0.27 × 10-6 s-1 to 3.41 × 10-6 s-1, and the average response time decreasing from 7859 s to 1538 s.

Complex role of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the trophic transfer of arsenic from Nannochloropsis maritima to Artemia salina nauplii.

Increasing concern has been focused on the potential risks associated with the trophic transfer to aquatic organisms of ambient contaminants in the presence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2). This study investigated the influence of nano-TiO2 on the trophic transfer of arsenic (As) from the microalgae Nannochloropsis maritima to the brine shrimp Artemia salina nauplii. We found that nano-TiO2 could significantly facilitate As sorption on N. maritima within an exposure period of 24 h, and this sorption subsequently led to higher As trophic transfer from the algae to A. salina according to trophic transfer factors (TTFAs+nano-TiO2 > TTFAs). However, after 48 h of depuration, the retention of As in A. salina fed As-nano-TiO2-contaminated algae was even lower than that in A. salina fed As-contaminated algae at the same exposure concentrations. This result indicates that the increased food chain transfer of As in the presence of nano-TiO2 can be explained by adsorption of As onto nano-TiO2 in contaminated food (algae), but the bioavailability of As in A. salina is reduced after the introduction of nanoparticles. Although the stress enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in A. salina at a lower As concentration treatment in the presence of nano-TiO2 were not significantly changed, they increased with higher exposure concentrations of As with or without nano-TiO2. Our study highlighted the complex role of nanomaterials in the transfer of ambient contaminants via trophic chains and the potential of nano-TiO2 to reduce the bioavailability of As via trophic transfer to saltwater zooplankton.

High-resolution characterization of labile phosphorus, iron, and manganese in sediments of different trophic waters in Lake Taihu, China.

High-resolution combined ZrO-Chelex diffusive gradients in thin film (DGT) probes were arranged to synchronously monitor the characteristics of labile phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) in sediments from regions of varying trophic levels in Lake Taihu, China. Results showed that P release was closely related to the lake region's trophic level. Labile P in sediments and the apparent diffusion flux (Fd) of P were higher in hyper-eutrophic algae-dominated regions than those in macrophyte-algae-dominated and macrophyte-dominated regions, indicating that P released from sediments may be facilitated in eutrophic environments. A positive correlation observed between DGT-labile P and Fe or Mn, which had similar regional spatial distributions to P, showed that reductive dissolution of Fe-Mn (oxyhydr)oxides (FeOOH-MnOOH) in sediments was responsible for internal P release, which was strengthened in eutrophic environments. Ratios of labile Fe or Mn/labile P (LFe/LP and LMn/LP) in sediments in algae-dominated regions showed lower values than those in macrophyte-algae-dominated and macrophyte-dominated regions, further confirming that FeOOH-MnOOH in algae-dominated regions were less able to fix P, which brought higher pollution risks for the overlying water. LFe/LP or LMn/LP also had a significantly positive correlation with Fd, further testament that labile Fe or Mn was much more relevant to the sediment P cycle.

Spatial and seasonal changes of arsenic species in Lake Taihu in relation to eutrophication.

Spatial and seasonal variations of arsenic species in Lake Taihu (including Zhushan Bay, Meiliang Bay, Gonghu Bay, and Southern Taihu) were investigated. Relatively high levels of total arsenic (TAs) and arsenate (As(V)) were observed in hyper-eutrophic regions during summer and autumn, which is attributed to exogenous contamination and seasonal endogenous release from sediments. The distributions of TAs and As(V) were significantly affected by total phosphorus, iron, manganese, and dissolved organic carbon. Arsenite (As(III)) and methylarsenicals (the sum of monomethylarsenic acid (MMA(V)) and dimethylarsenic acid (DMA(V))), mainly from biotransformation of As(V), were affected by temperature-controlled microalgae activities and local water quality parameters, exhibiting significantly higher concentrations and proportions in hyper-eutrophic and middle eutrophic regions during summer compared to mesotrophic region. The eutrophic environment, which induces changes in the main water quality parameters such as phosphorus, chlorophyll-a, iron, manganese, and dissolved organic carbon, can favor the biogeochemical cycling of arsenic in the aquatic systems.

Determination of trace carvedilol by solid substrate-room temperature phosphorimetry, based on its activating effect on hypochlorite-oxidizing amaranth using sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate as sensitizer.

This work proposes a simple and sensitive solid substrate-room temperature phosphorimetry (SS-RTP) for the selective determination of carvedilol (CV). The method is based on the sensitizing effect of sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate (SDBS) on CV to activate the oxidation between NaClO and amaranth, resulting in the intense quenching of room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) of the system. Compared with non-SDBS system, the reduction of phosphorescence intensity (ΔI(p)) with SDBS is 16.5 times higher and is directly proportional to the content of CV, covering a wide range 0.080-16.00 fg/spot. The regression equation of the working curve can be expressed as ΔI(p) = 0.7780 + 7.057 m(CV) (fg/spot) (correlation coefficient (r) = 0.9976, n = 8), with a detection limit (LD) of 0.020 fg/spot (corresponding concentration is 5.1 × 10(-14) g/mL, sample volume is 0.40 µL/spot). This sensitive method has also been applied to determine trace CV in human plasma and the results agreed with synchronous fluorimetry (SF). The activation energy (E) and rate constant (k) of this activating reaction were 69.04 kJ/mol and 3.580 × 10(-4) s(-1), respectively. The reaction mechanism is also discussed.

Cloning and expression of Aspergillus tamarii FS132 lipase gene in Pichia pastoris.

A lipase gene (atl) was cloned from Aspergillus tamarii FS132 for the first time. The gene was found to have an open reading frame of 1024 base pairs (bp), and the coding region of the gene contained two introns (51 bp and 52 bp). Multi-alignment analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence indicated high homology between the enzyme and mono-and diacylglycerol lipases from fungi Aspergillus. The recombinant lipase was expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115 cells. The recombinant lipase was found to have a molecular mass of 36.7 kDa, and it exhibited lipase activity of 20 U/mL in culture supernatant when tributyrin was used as the substrate.

Sensitive phosphorimetric determination of bumetanide in human urine with its inhibition effect on the formation of [Fe-morin]3+ complex.

A novel solid substrate-room temperature phosphorimetry (SS-RTP) was developed for determination of bumetanide (BMTN). It was validated by determining selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and signal to noise ratio (S/N) for analysis. And all the experiments presented in this work were based on that BMTN inhibited the formation of [Fe-morin](3+) ([FeR](3+)) complex by the reaction between Fe(3+) and R, which led to severe quenching of room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) signal. The rate constant of the reaction (k) was 2.44 x 10(-4) s(-1), the activation energy (E) was 21.39 kJ mol(-1). Detection limit of this method (LD, 5.0 ag spot(-1), corresponding concentration was 1.2 x 10(-14) g mL(-1)) was evaluated and compared with other methods, indicating better sensitivity for BMTN determination using this technique. And due to the high sensitivity of the method, it has been successfully applied to determine BMTN in human urine samples. The linear range was from 0.040 pg mL(-1) to 4.0 pg mL(-1), allowing wide determined range of BMTN. Meanwhile, the mechanism of this method was also discussed.

Exploitation of phosphorescent labelling reagent of fullerol-fluorescein isothiocyanate and new method for the determination of trace alkaline phosphatase as well as forecast of human diseases.

A new phosphorescent labelling reagent consisting of fullerol, fluorescein isothiocyanate and N,N-dimethylaniline (F-ol-(FITC)(n)-DMA) was developed. The mode of action is based on the reactivity of the active -OH group in F-ol with the -COOH group of FITC to form an F-ol-(FITC)(n)-DMA complex containing several FITC molecules. F-ol-(FITC)(n)-DMA increased the number of luminescent molecules in the biological target of WGA-AP-WGA-F-ol-(FITC)(n)-DMA (WGA and AP are wheat germ agglutinin and alkaline phosphatase, respectively) which improved the sensitivity using solid substrate room temperature phosphorimetry (SSRTP) detection. The proposed method provided high sensitivity and strong specificity for WGA-AP. The limit of detection (LD) was 0.15 ag AP spot(-1) for F-ol and 0.097 ag AP spot(-1) for FITC in F-ol-(FITC)(n)-DMA, which was lower than the method using single luminescent molecules of F-ol-DMA and FITC-DMA to label WGA (0.20 ag AP spot(-1) for F-ol-DMA and 0.22 ag AP spot(-1) for FITC-DMA). Results for the determination of AP in human serum were in good agreement with those obtained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mechanism of F-ol-(FITC)(n)-DMA labelling of WGA was discussed.

Solid substrate-room temperature phosphorimetry for the determination of trace protein using ion association complex [Cu(BPY)2]2+ . [(Fin)2]2- as a phosphorescent probe.

Fluorescein (HFin) emitted strong and stable room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) on filter paper after set at 50 degrees C for 10 min using Li(+) as the ion perturber. HFin existed as Fin(-) when the pH value was in the range of 5.45-7.36. Fin(-) could react with [Cu(BPY)(2)](2+) (BPY: alpha,alpha-bipyridyl) to produce ion association complex [Cu(BPY)(2)](2+).[(Fin)(2)](2-), which could enhance the RTP signal of Hfin. In the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA), the -COOH group of Fin(-) in the [Cu(BPY)(2)](2+).[(Fin)(2)](2-) could react with the -NH(2) group of BSA to form the ion association complex [Cu(BPY)(2)](2+).[(Fin-BSA)(2)](2-), which contained -CO-NH- bond. This complex could sharply enhance the RTP signal of Hfin and the Delta I(p) was directly proportional to the content of BSA. According to the facts above, a new solid substrate-room temperature phosphorimetry (SS-RTP) for the determination of trace protein had been established using the ion association complex [Cu(BPY)(2)](2+).[(Fin)(2)](2-)as a phosphorescent probe. This method had wide linear range (0.40 x 10(-9)-280 x 10(-9)mg l(-1)), high sensitivity (the detection limit (LD) was 1.4 x 10(-10)m gl(-1)), good precision (RSD: 3.4-4.9%) and high selectivity (the allowed concentration of coexistent ions or coexistent materials was high). It had been applied to the determination of the content of protein in 10 kinds of real samples, and the result agreed well with pyrocatechol violet-Mo (VI) method (P.V.M.M.), which indicated it had high accuracy. Meanwhile, reaction mechanism for the determination of trace protein with [Cu(BPY)(2)](2+).[(Fin)(2)](2-) phosphorescent probe was also discussed. The academic thought of this research could not only be used to develop many kinds of ion association complex phosphorescent probes, but also provided a new way to promote the sensitivity of SS-RTP.

Solid substrate-room temperature phosphorimetry for the determination of residual clenbuterol hydrochloride based on the catalysis of sodium periodate oxidizing eosine Y.

Clenbuterol hydrochloride (CLB) could catalyze NaIO(4) oxidation of eosine Y (R), which caused the room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) signal of R to quench sharply. The DeltaI(P) (= I(P2)-I(P1), I(P2) was RTP intensities of reagent blank and I(P1) was RTP intensities of test solution) of the system was directly proportional to the content of CLB. According to that academic thought, a new solid substrate-room temperature phosphorimetry (SS-RTP) for the determination of trace CLB has been established. This method has high sensitivity (detection limit (LD): 0.021 zg spot(-1), corresponding concentration: 5.2x10(-20) g mL(-1)) and good selectivity (Er = +/-5%, interfering species were of no interference). It has been applied to the determination of residual CLB in the practical samples. The results were verified using HPLC and GC/MS methods. The reaction mechanism of catalytic SS-RTP for the determination of residual CLB was also discussed.