RESUMO
Citrullus ecirrhosus, Citrullus rehmii, and Citrullus naudinianus are three important related wild species of watermelon in the genus Citrullus, and their morphological differences are clear, however, their chloroplast genome differences remain unknown. This study is the first to assemble, analyze, and publish the complete chloroplast genomes of C. ecirrhosus, C. rehmii, and C. naudinianus. A comparative analysis was then conducted among the complete chloroplast genomes of seven extant Citrullus species, and the results demonstrated that the average genome sizes of Citrullus is 157,005 bp, a total of 130-133 annotated genes were identified, including 8 rRNA, 37 tRNA and 85-88 protein-encoding genes. Their gene content, order, and genome structure were similar. However, noncoding regions were more divergent than coding regions, and rps16-trnQ was a hypervariable fragment. Thirty-four polymorphic SSRs, 1,271 SNPs and 234 INDELs were identified. Phylogenetic trees revealed a clear phylogenetic relationship of Citrullus species, and the developed molecular markers (SNPs and rps16-trnQ) could be used for taxonomy in Citrullus. Three genes (atpB, clpP1, and rpoC2) were identified to undergo selection and would promote the environmental adaptation of Citrullus.
Assuntos
Citrullus , Genoma de Cloroplastos , Citrullus/genética , Filogenia , Cloroplastos/genética , Variação GenéticaRESUMO
Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng. is an important medicinal plant that is used to treat various diseases in South and Southeast Asia. In this study, the complete plastome of M. cochinchinensis was sequenced and found to exhibit a total length of 158,955 bp, with a large single copy (LSC) region of 87,924 bp and a small single copy (SSC) region of 18,479 bp, as well as with two inverted repeats (IRs) that were both 26,726 bp in length. In total, 129 genes were detected, comprising 86 protein-encoding genes, 8 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and 35 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes. Furthermore, the inferred phylogenetic tree confirmed that M. cochinchinensis belongs to the genus Momordica in the Cucurbitaceae family. The research results will be used for authenticating M. cochinchinensis plant materials and for analyzing the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships in Momordica.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Patients with alcohol-induced psychiatric and behavioral disorders have higher drinking relapse rates after treatment when compared to those without these disorders. AIM: To investigate factors influencing drinking relapse among patients with alcohol-induced psychiatric and behavioral disorders and provide guidance for rehabilitative intervention for those being treated for substance use disorders. METHODS: Patients were randomly assigned into either the study group or the control group. We used Chi-square test to analyze their general demographics, drinking history, and hospitalizations. Factors influencing the relapse were analyzed by logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: The univariate analysis showed that factors included ethnicity, level of education, occupation, marital status, duration of psychiatric symptoms and deception about alcohol use; multivariate analysis showed that marital status, duration of psychiatric symptoms, and deception about alcohol use were correlated with relapse among patients with psychiatric and behavioral disorders. CONCLUSIONS: For patients who were single, psychiatric symptoms were more likely to occur between the first and fifth year of alcohol consumption, and those who were deceptive about their alcohol use were more likely to have a relapse than those who were not.