RESUMO
Following the harvest, agricultural products are subjected to various negative impacts throughout the way to consumers. Mechanical damages such as color darkening, abrasion, cuts, or punctures over the fruit surface are irreversible damages and such damages ultimately end up in significant quality and economic losses. In modern production systems, only a certain portion of the products directly reach from producer to consumers. The majority of these products are subjected to mechanical damages through the crush, squeeze, vibration, and similar impacts during the harvest and postharvest processes. In this study, Tybeef tomato cultivar grown over the experimental greenhouses of Bati Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute (BATEM) (control) and 14-193 and 14-206 coded candidate cultivars developed through breeding programs of BATEM were used as the plant material. Resistance parameters of tomato cultivars were determined at 4 different ripening stages (green, turning, pink, and red) and 4 different storage durations (4, 8, 12, and 16 days). Resistance parameters decreased with the progress of ripening and storage durations. All measurements and assessments revealed that 14-193 coded candidate cultivars were prominent for resistance parameters.
Após a colheita, os produtos agrícolas estão sujeitos a diversos impactos negativos ao longo do caminho até os consumidores. Danos mecânicos como escurecimento da cor, abrasão, cortes ou perfurações na superfície da fruta são irreversíveis e acabam resultando em perdas significativas de qualidade e econômicas. Nos sistemas de produção modernos, apenas uma determinada parte dos produtos chega diretamente do produtor ao consumidor. A maioria desses produtos está sujeita a danos mecânicos por meio de esmagamento, compressão, vibração e impactos semelhantes durante os processos de colheita e pós-colheita. Neste estudo, a cultivar de tomate Tybeef cultivada em estufas experimentais do Bati Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute (BATEM) (controle) e as cultivares candidatas codificadas 14-193 e 14-206 desenvolvidas por meio de programas de melhoramento do BATEM foram utilizadas como material vegetal. Os parâmetros de resistência dos cultivares de tomate foram determinados em 4 diferentes estágios de maturação (verde, pintado, rosado e vermelho) e 4 diferentes durações de armazenamento (4, 8, 12 e 16 dias). Os parâmetros de resistência diminuíram com o progresso do amadurecimento e durações de armazenamento. Todas as medições e avaliações revelaram que 14-193 cultivares candidatas codificadas eram proeminentes para os parâmetros de resistência.
Assuntos
Solanum lycopersicum , Produtos AgrícolasRESUMO
Postmenopausal women tend to have a higher risk in developing obesity and thus metabolic syndrome. Recently we could demonstrate that physical activity and estrogen replacement are effective strategies to prevent the development of nutritional induced obesity in an animal model. The aim of this study was to determine the combined effects of estrogen treatment and exercise training on already established obesity. Therefore ovariectomized (OVX) and sham-operated (SHAM) female Wistar rats were exposed to a high fat diet for ten months. After this induction period obese SHAM and OVX rats either remained sedentary or performed treadmill training for six weeks. In addition OVX rats were treated with 17ß-Estradiol (E(2)) alone, or in combination with training. Before and after intervention effects on lipid and glucose metabolism were investigated. Training resulted in SHAM and OVX rats in a significant decrease of body weight, subcutaneous and visceral body fat, size of adipocytes and the serum levels of leptin, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides. In OVX animals E(2) treatment resulted in similar effects. Often the combination of E(2) treatment and training was most effective. Analysis of the respiratory quotient indicates that SHAM animals had a better fat burning capacity than OVX rats. There was a tendency that training in SHAM animals and E(2) treatment in OVX animals could improve this capacity. Analysis of glucose metabolism revealed that obese SHAM animals had higher glucose tolerance than OVX animals. Training improved glucose tolerance in SHAM and OVX rats, E(2) treatment in OVX rats. The combination of both was most effective. Our results indicate that even after a short intervention period of six weeks E(2) treatment and exercise training improve parameters related to lipid as well as glucose metabolism and energy expenditure in a model of already established obesity. In conclusion a combination of hormone replacement therapy and exercise training could be a very effective strategy to encourage the therapy of diet-induced obesity and its metabolic consequences in postmenopausal women.
