Desempeño de las funciones ejecutivas según estado cognitivo en adultos mayores / Performance of the executive functions according to cognitive state in elderly adults

Resumen Introducción: De acuerdo al envejecimiento que ha experimentado la población a causa de un aumento en la expectativa de vida y las repercusiones que ello ha conllevado a nivel cognitivo, se ha observado un aumento en el número de adultos mayores que presentan dificultades cognitivas. La presente investigación aborda el desempeño de las funciones ejecutivas según el estado cognitivo en adultos mayores de la ciudad de Puerto Montt. Método: Se realizó un estudio correlacional comparativo en una muestra de 34 adultos mayores entre 60 y 90 años de la ciudad de Puerto Montt. Se evaluó el nivel cognitivo de los participantes y el desempeño de las funciones ejecutivas, para luego estimar el nivel de correlación de ambas variables con la prueba de Pearson y se compararon los grupos con ANOVA. Resultados: El análisis de los datos da cuenta de una alta correlación entre el deterioro del estado cognitivo y el desempeño de las funciones ejecutivas igualmente disminuiría (valor de correlación = 0,636). Por otra parte, al comparar el grupo de adultos mayores sin deterioro cognitivo y el grupo con deterioro cognitivo leve, no se observaron diferencias significativas en ambos grupos (p > 0,05). Discusión: Los resultados indican que hay una correlación significativa entre el deterioro de las funciones ejecutivas y el deterioro cognitivo general, sin embargo, parece ser que el desempeño de las funciones ejecutivas permanece estable durante el estado cognitivo conservado como en el estado de deterioro cognitivo leve en el adulto mayor.

Introduction: According to the aging of the population due to an increase in life expectancy and the repercussions that this has led to a cognitive level, an increase in the number of older adults with cognitive difficulties has been observed. The present investigation approaches the performance of the executive functions according to the cognitive state in older adults of the city of Puerto Montt. Method: A comparative correlation study was carried out in a sample of 34 older adults between 60 and 90 years old from the city of Puerto Montt. The cognitive level of the participants and the performance of the executive functions were evaluated to then estimate the level of correlation of both variables with the Pearson test and the groups with ANOVA were compared. Results: The analysis of the data shows a high correlation between the deterioration of the cognitive state and the performance of the executive functions would also decrease (correlation value = 0.636). On the other hand, when comparing the group of older adults without cognitive impairment, and the group with mild cognitive impairment, no significant differences were observed in both groups (p > 0.05). Discussion: The results indicate that there is a significant correlation between the deterioration of the executive functions and the general cognitive deterioration, however it seems that the performance of the executive functions remains stable during the conserved cognitive state as in the state of mild cognitive deterioration in the adult higher.

Incidence and management of anastomotic bleeding after ileocolic anastomosis.

AIM: Ileocolic anastomosis is performed using a stapled or manual technique, but with either there is a risk of bleeding from the suture line. The aim of this study was to analyse, retrospectively, bleeding after different anastomotic techniques. METHOD: Patients having elective right colectomy were divided, according to the type of ileocolic anastomosis, into Group 1 (circular, double-stapled, end-to-side), Group 2 (linear-stapled, side-to-side) and Group 3 (handsewn, side-to-side). Postoperative lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) was studied in the three groups. Uni- and multivariate analysis was performed to study risk factors for LGIB and the need for postoperative allogeneic blood transfusion. RESULTS: Three-hundred and fifty patients were included: 174 in Group 1, 59 in Group 2 and 117 in Group 3. The postoperative LGIB rate was 4.9% and occurred exclusively in Group 1. Five patients had severe anastomotic bleeding. Postoperative blood transfusion was indicated in Groups 1, 2 and 3 in 19.0%, 5.1% and 13.7% of patients. In the five patients with severe bleeding, four attempts of colonoscopic arrest were made, achieving bleeding control in one. Angiographic embolization was successful in one patient. There were no procedure-specific complications. CONCLUSION: End-to-side, circular, double-stapling ileocolic anastomosis seems to be related to an increased incidence of anastomotic bleeding and of postoperative blood transfusion compared with patients having other techniques of ileocolic anastomosis.

Sigmodontinae rodents as hosts for larvae and nymphs of Ixodes loricatus Neumann, 1899 (Acari: Ixodidae).

Larvae and nymphs of Ixodes loricatus Neumann, 1899 ticks (confirmed by morphological characters and by comparison of 16S mitochondrial rDNA sequences) were collected from Sigmodontinae Wagner, rodents in central and northern Argentina and Uruguay. A total of 100 larvae and 38 nymphs of I. loricatus were collected on the genera Akodon Meyen (n = 36 individuals), Calomys Waterhouse (n = 2), Oligoryzomys Bang in = 12), Oxymycterus Waterhouse (n = 9), and Scapteromys Waterhouse (n = 13). 72 larvae and 18 nymphs were collected on Akodon. Adults of I. loricatus were found in central Argentina and Uruguay on Didelphimorphia of the genera Didelphis Linnaeus and Lutreolina Thomas. Ixodes loricatus has been considered a species with strict total specificity to Didelphimorphia. Our results show that this statement may not be justified. Sigmodontinae rodents are sympatric and share habitats with the phylogenetically distant Didelphimorphia; infestation with I. loricatus seems to be its consequence. We tentatively consider I. loricatus moderately specific to Didelphimorphia.

Síndrome neuroléptico maligno. Un caso asociado al tratamiento con Halazepam y Fluoxetina / Neuroleptic malignant syndrome. One case associated to treatment witt Halazepan and Fluoxetine

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[Entamoeba histolytica: a standing threat]. / Entamoeba histolytica: un desafío vigente.

The importance and limitations of microscopic differential diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica in asymptomatic carriers is reviewed. The possibility that some nonpathogenic strains of E. histolytica could be Entamoeba hartmanni is discussed. The imperative necessity to encourage research in epidemiology and diagnosis is emphasized. The need to know the prevalence in Mexico and distinguish E. histolytica from E. hartmanni is also discussed. This differential diagnosis is fundamental in the treatment of carriers and in epidemiological studies. Treatment must be directed only to acute and chronic patients and asymptomatic carries who prepare food. Appropriate drugs are still metronidazole and quinolines.