Lesão de Dieulafoy do fundo gástrico / Dieulafoys lesion of the gastric fundus

Hemorragia digestiva alta (HDA) é uma emergência clínica exteriorizada através de melena, hematêmese, além de alterações hemodinâmicas decorrentes de perda volêmica. Existem vários diagnósticos etiológicos causadores de hemorragias digestivas altas; dentre eles, uma causa rara é lesão de Dieulafoy, sendo relacionada acerca de 2% dos casos de HDA. Neste relato, descreveremos um caso de lesão de Dieulafoy, evidenciando a relevância desta lesão como um importante diagnóstico diferencial nas causas de hemorragia digestiva alta. O procedimento diagnóstico e o manejo atual são fundamentados pela endoscopia digestiva alta. A hemostasia endoscópica é realizada, utilizando técnicas como eletrocoagulação, injeções com adrenalina e hemoclips.

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGBI) is a clinical emergency externalized through melena, hematemesis and hemodynamic changes due to volume loss. There are a lot of etiological diagnosis of gastroduodenal hemorrhages, including Dieulafoy which is a rare cause related about 2% of the UGBI cases. In this report we describe a case of Dieulafoy lesion highlighting the importance of this lesion as a rare and important differential diagnosis in cases of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The current diagnostic and management is justified by endoscopy. Endoscopic hemostasis is performed using techniques such as electrocoagulation, injections of adrenaline and hemo-clips.

Obese patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 undergoing gastric bypass in Roux-en-Y: analysis of results and its influence in complications.

BACKGROUND: About 90% of type 2 diabetic patients are obese or overweight. The obvious clinical improvement observed with surgeries, such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, has opened space for research by different factors than only weight loss, as responsible for the return to euglycemia and reduction of medication use. AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of surgical treatment of diabetes in obese patients with BMI above 35 kg/m2 underwent to gastric bypass, for the control of diabetes, weight loss, improvement of laboratory findings and complications of diabetes. METHOD: The protocol was implemented in three stages: initial, after losing 10% of weight, and after a year. RESULTS: Seventeen patients who have lost weight in 10% were included in the surgical protocol. From the total, 11.8% continued needing medication (p <0.001). The time for weight loss was a month with significant reduction in fasting glucose, HOMA-IR index, insulin, HbA1c, hemoglobin, AST, urea and C-peptide and there was no variation in hematocrit, albumin, ALT and creatinine. With a year of monitoring, the surgical group showed a significant difference in weight, BMI, blood glucose, HbA1c, C-peptide, insulin and HOMA-IR. The percentage of patients with neuropathy (31.3%) was lower than the number of cases at baseline (52.9%) (p> 0.05). CONCLUSION: Gastric bypass with Roux-en-Y derivation is a safe procedure, with good results in control of diabetes type 2 in obese patients with BMI above 35 kg/m2.

Obesos diabéticos tipo 2 submetidos à derivação gástrica em Y-de-Roux: análise de resultados e influência nas complicações / Obese patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 undergoing gastric bypass in Roux-en-Y: analysis of results and its influence in complications

RACIONAL: Cerca de 90% dos diabéticos tipo 2 são obesos ou têm sobrepeso. A evidente melhora clínica observada com o tratamento cirúrgico, como a derivação gástrica em Y-de-Roux, abriu caminhos para a pesquisa de outros fatores, que não somente a perda de peso, como responsáveis pelo retorno à euglicemia ou redução no tratamento medicamentoso. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia e segurança do tratamento cirúrgico do diabete melito em obesos com IMC acima de 35 Kg/m2 submetidos ao by-pass visando o controle do diabetes, perda de peso, melhora nos parâmetros laboratoriais e complicações do diabete. MÉTODOS: O protocolo do estudo foi aplicado em três momentos: o inicial; após perda de 10% do peso; e após um ano. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 17 pacientes que perderam 10% de peso; 11,8% continuaram com necessidade de medicamento (p<0,001). O tempo para perda de peso foi de um mês, quando ocorreu redução significante da glicemia de jejum, do índice HOMA-IR, insulina, HbA1c, hemoglobina, AST, peptídeo C e uréia; não ocorreu variação do hematócrito, albumina, ALT e creatinina. Com um ano de acompanhamento, a série apresentou diferença significativa nas variáveis peso, IMC, glicemia, HbA1c, peptídeo C, insulina e o HOMA-IR. O percentual de pacientes com neuropatia (31,3%) foi menor que o número de casos no início do estudo (52,9%) (p>0,05). CONCLUSÃO: A derivação gástrica em Y-de-Roux é procedimento seguro, com bons resultados no controle do diabete em obesos com IMC acima de 35 Kg/m2.

BACKGROUND: About 90% of type 2 diabetic patients are obese or overweight. The obvious clinical improvement observed with surgeries, such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, has opened space for research by different factors than only weight loss, as responsible for the return to euglycemia and reduction of medication use. AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of surgical treatment of diabetes in obese patients with BMI above 35 kg/m2 underwent to gastric bypass, for the control of diabetes, weight loss, improvement of laboratory findings and complications of diabetes. METHOD: The protocol was implemented in three stages: initial, after losing 10% of weight, and after a year. RESULTS: Seventeen patients who have lost weight in 10% were included in the surgical protocol. From the total, 11.8% continued needing medication (p <0.001). The time for weight loss was a month with significant reduction in fasting glucose, HOMA-IR index, insulin, HbA1c, hemoglobin, AST, urea and C-peptide and there was no variation in hematocrit, albumin, ALT and creatinine. With a year of monitoring, the surgical group showed a significant difference in weight, BMI, blood glucose, HbA1c, C-peptide, insulin and HOMA-IR. The percentage of patients with neuropathy (31.3%) was lower than the number of cases at baseline (52.9%) (p> 0.05). CONCLUSION: Gastric bypass with Roux-en-Y derivation is a safe procedure, with good results in control of diabetes type 2 in obese patients with BMI above 35 kg/m2.