Further studies on cytostatic activity of alkoxymethyl purine and pyrimidine acyclonucleosides.

The influence of 14 acyclonucleosides, derivatives of adenine, guanine, uracil and thymine on the phosphorylation of dAdo, dGuo, dCyd and dThd occurring in the cytosol of growing amelanotic melanoma transplanted to Syrian hamsters, as well as on inhibition of tumor growth were studied. From among the studied ACNs eight were tested earlier (Modrzejewska et al., 1996, The influence of alkoxymethyl purine and pyrimidine acyclonucleosides on growth inhibition of Kirkman-Robbins hepatoma and possible mechanism of their cytostatic activity, Z. Naturforch. 51c, 75-80); from among the newly synthesized ACNs, 1,3-N,N-diallyloxymethylthymine (AMT2), 1-N-allyloxymethyl-5,6-tetramethyleneuracil (AMUTM), and tested previously 1-N-allyloxymethylthymine (AMT1), administered i.p. in a dose of 0.2 mmol/kg body weight reduce the tumor mass from 0.98 g to 0.64 g +/- 0.11 g (i.e. 35% +/- 12%). 48 hours after i.p. administration of the mentioned ACNs in the same dose a reduction of tumor mass is accompanied by the inhibition of dAMP, dGMP and dTMP synthesis. AMT1 inhibits dThd phosphorylation from 6.2 to 4.22; AMT2 suppresses dAdo, dGuo and dThd phosphorylation by, correspondingly, from 2.8 to 1.7, from 10.8 to 7.5 and from 6.2 to 4.2; AMUTM depresses dAMP synthesis from 2.8 to 1.6 (all data: mumol of 2'dNMP formed per mg of protein per min. x 10(-4)). None of the 14 studied acyclonucleosides influences dCMP synthesis. In vivo, after hydration of allyloxymethyl group to hydroxypropoxymethyl residue (having -CH2OH group), AMT1, AMT2 and AMUTM undergo phosphorylation to corresponding triphosphates. Phosphorylated ACNs are not incorporated into tumor DNA, however they inhibit dAdo, dGuo and dThd incorporation into DNA. It is concluded that ACN triphosphates are not substrates for DNA polymerase but, competing with dATP dGTP and dTTP, inhibit incorporation of these 2'dNTP into DNA and, in consequence, reduce tumor growth, which is presumed to be the main mechanism of cytostatic activity of the studied ACNs.

Acyclonucleoside analogues consisting of 5- and 5,6-substituted uracils and different acyclic chains: inhibitory properties vs purified E. coli uridine phosphorylase.

Synthetic procedures are described for the preparation of a variety of pyrimidine acyclonucleoside analogues, in which the aglycones are 5- and 5,6-substituted uracils, and the ribose moiety is replaced by different acyclic chains. These were examined as potential inhibitors of purified E. coli uridine phosphorylase. None of the compounds was a substrate for uridine phosphorylase, or either a substrate or inhibitor of E. coli thymidine phosphorylase. Kinetic measurements were employed to determine inhibition constants, Ki, for inhibition of uridine phosphorylase. One of the more effective of these was 1-(1',3'-dihydroxy-2'-propoxy)methyl-5,6-tetramethyleneuracil, with Ki = 2.7 microM. The same compound was a reasonably good inhibitor of the reverse, synthetic, reaction, with Ki values of 19 microM vs uracil as the variable substrate, and 15 microM vs alpha-D-ribose-1-phosphate as the variable substrate. For one of the analogues, which was a racemate, 1-(2',3'-dihydroxypropyl)-5,6-tetramethyleneuracil, it was shown that only one of the enantiomers (R) was an inhibitor, the (S) enantiomer being totally inactive. For several of the analogues, the corresponding isomeric N(3)-acyclonucleosides were inactive as inhibitors. The results for several of the good inhibitors were compared with those of other observers for inhibition of uridine phosphorylase from mammalian sources. Preliminary measurements with several of our analogues demonstrated that some of them were indeed one to two orders of magnitude more effective against the enzyme from mammalian sources.