[Screening diagnosis of breast cancer]. / K voprosu o skriningovoi diagnostike raka molochnoi zhelezy.

The authors propose their screening program for detection of breast cancer. It includes the entire complex of present-day screening diagnostic methods, starting from an original system for the formation of groups at risk of breast cancer and completed by the direct diagnostic model of detection of the condition, oriented at a differentiated approach to the use of mammographic techniques. The proposed organizational and methodologic screening measures are both economic and diagnostically effective, thus meeting the principal requirements to screening programs. Screening of 8541 risk-group patients helped detect 867 nodular formations, 244 of which were cancer and 623 benign formations.

[Role of computerized tomography in the diagnosis of pulmonary cancer]. / Rol' kompiuternoi tomografii v diagnostike raka legkogo.

The authors analyse 297 cases with lung cancer and 86 cases with various lung diseases which were to be differentiated from lung cancer and discuss the present-day potentialities of computer-aided tomography in the diagnosis of this condition comparing this method with classical roentgenology methods. The authors consider than in central pulmonary carcinoma computer-aided tomography is particularly valuable in peribronchial dissemination of the tumor, in peripheral it objectively shows pleural involvement, and in bronchoalveolar cancer this method shows symptoms specific of this lung cancer form. A conclusion is made that despite the usefulness of computer-aided tomography in the diagnosis of lung cancer common tomography remains the most effective method for the diagnosis of this suffering.

[A standardized x-ray examination in the diagnosis of tumors of the large intestine]. / Standartizovannoe rentgenologicheskoe issledovanie v diagnostike opukholei tolstoi kishki.

High morbidity and mortality rates because of large intestinal carcinoma and a clear-cut tendency to the growth of these rates have prompted the authors to undertake this study. When new methods of radiodiagnosis appeared, traditional and highly informative methods, Ba enema among them, seemed to be forgotten. The authors suggest a program of standard examinations of the large intestine, based on simultaneous double-contrast technique, that permits an essential improvement of the diagnostic and economic efficacy of this one of the most prevalent methods of x-ray examinations. The suggested technique was used in examinations of 4120 patients with suspected tumors of the large intestine.

[Potentialities of x-ray diagnosis in improving the diagnosis of oncologic diseases in outpatient clinics]. / Vozmozhnosti rentgenologii v uluchshenii poliklinicheskoi diagnostiki onkologicheskikh zabolevanii.

The authors analyze the possibilities of improving the prehospital diagnosis of the most prevalent oncologic diseases (tumors of the lungs, stomach, large intestine, mammary gland) that may be effectively detected by modified methods of x-ray and x-ray fluorographic examinations. The x-ray diagnostic service of health centers is regarded as a most important component in the system of prehospital diagnosis. A program of reorganization of this service is suggested, that will help reorient its activities to purposeful screening examinations that will altogether improve the detection of a number of oncologic diseases.

[Improving the efficiency of detecting central lung cancer at a polyclinic]. / O povyshenii éffektivnosti vyiavleniia tsentral'nogo raka legkogo v usloviiakh polikliniki.

Suggestions for restructuring organization of the photoroentgenographic part of the polyclinical diagnostic service are presented. A model of central lung cancer detection was developed which consists of the following basic elements: (1) a program of identification of high risk groups in the ambulatory population, and (2) differentiated standardized X-ray and photoroentgenographic examination in combination with other diagnostic methods.

[Organizational and methodological reorganization of diagnostic services in the polyclinics]. / O organizatsionno-metodicheskoi perestroike diagnosticheskikh sluzhb poliklinik.

Suggestions are made of organizational and methodological restructuring of diagnostic polyclinic service which make it possible to substantially increase its diagnostic and economic effectiveness. The major elements of such restructuring should include: 1. introduction of special programmes on risk group selection according to separate diseases; 2. The application of standardized complex ++fluoro-roentgenographic techniques while using apparatus available in the majority of regular polyclinics. The programmes elaborated permitted to detect a great number of different diseases (tumors and chronic non-specific lung diseases, tumors and gastric ulcer, tumors of the colon, breast tumors, etc) the proportion of which in the general pattern of diseases in great. According to the authors' opinion the introduction of the proposed diagnostic programmes into the work of polyclinics would sharply increase the effectiveness of this service.

[Methodological aspects of formation of groups at risk for cancer of the stomach and large intestine]. / Metodologicheskie aspekty formirovaniia grupp riska po raku zheludka i tolstoi kishki.

An algorithm for selection of groups at high risk of cancer of the stomach and colon has been developed with the aim of improving the diagnosis of these diseases in mass screening of the population. A multidimensional statistical analysis realized in MEDSTAT-85 programme package was used to identify the most informative risk factors and to formulate the regularity having these factors expressed in percent by weight. The proposed programme of targeted screening allows for rapid and effective selection of risk groups and, in combination with the conventional gastric and colon fluorography techniques, facilitates timely detection of gastric and colonic cancer.