Epidemiological aspects of morbidity in the class of digestive organs in Kazakhstan.

AIM: To study epidemiological aspects of disease, class of diseases of the digestive system in the region of the relative risk in Kazakhstan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Studied epidemiological parameters are first identified in the incidence and prevalence of class XI ICD in regions of Kazakhstan with the identification of risk relative to the average national level. In a dysfunctional region Kyzylorda region analyzed the performance of its regions and compared with data from medical examination of the population and the survey. RESULTS: A significant excess of the average national incidence rate between 1990 and 2015, was noted for 3 of the 14 regions of Kazakhstan (West-Kazakhstan, Kyzylorda, Mangystau). According to the dynamics of the unfavorable situation on the high level of incidence currently is in the Kyzylorda region (COA). From the areas of the COA maximum, the incidence of diseases of the digestive system registered in Kazalinsk district which exceeded the level at RK 4.8 times. The data on examination and survey of the complaints of the population exceeded the epidemiological indicators. In the area identified as the leading neoplasms of the digestive system in the structure of cancer incidence and exceeded the national average on the related class of blood diseases. Unfavorable situation on the incidence of the digestive system in Kyzylorda region of Kazakhstan is associated with the cancer and blood diseases, this is partly due to the presence of pollutants in the environment.

[Ecological-hygienic evaluation of the environment of territories being adjacent to decultivated uranium mines].

On the territory of Kazakhstan there are uranium deposits, many ofwhich are in mothballed since times of perestroika. Often, the mines are flooded and represent a "time-delay bomb". Inside of mines various there are accumulated gases of both organic and inorganic nature, periodically thrown out and adversely affecting on the health of local populations. The aim of the study was the investigation of the state of the environment of Esilsky district of the Akmola region by common pollutants and chemicals. As the basic variable for the investigation of ambient air there was accepted the maximum one-time concentration of suspended substances, phenol, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide. The results were evaluated in relation to the MPC for the analyzed substance in the air according to maximal single MPC (MPCms) and daily average MPC (MPCda). The content of metals in the water was determined with the use of spectrophotometer PD-303S. Evaluation of the results was executed in relation of the MPC of substances in water, by means of the comparison with the requirements of Federal standards for drinking water, samples from drinking water sources. There were executed calculations of the overall index of water pollution (IWVgen), the index of water pollution by heavy metals (IWVhm). Chemical analysis of soil was carried out with the use of spectrophotometer PD- 303S (Japan), the photometer expert-003 "Ekoniks". Evaluation of the results was carried out with the respect to the MPC in the soil, the toxicity of all components. Summarizing soil pollution index was evaluated for metals contained in the soil at the level of more than or equal to 1 MAC. The settlement Krasnogorskiy and the village of Kalachi were found to be characterized by a low level of air pollution, increased rigidity of drinking water exceeded the maximum permissible concentrations of copper by 3.45 times and chloride by 1.17 times in the soil cover.

[Managing health state of Aral region population].

The article represents results of first year research within large project "Complex approaches in public health state management in Aral region" (implementation term 2014-2016). Aral region problems is a bright example of ecologic disaster with severe social economic consequences, influencing directly or indirectly all countries. The article covers complex ecologic and social hygienic evaluation of evironmental hazards in ecologically unfavorable zones and public health assessment of Kyzylorda region. Scientific research work in continued. Statistical processing and comparison of data, with discussion, will be conducted in 2015-2016 and presented in further publications.

[Problems of soils pollution with solid industrial waste in Kazakhstan].

The problem of recycling and disposal of solid waste from metallurgical, energy and petrochemical industries is becoming more acute problem for Kazakhstan. Violations of hygiene requirements concerning the placement and operation of landfills increase the area of contaminated soil and can become a threat to environmental safety of the population in industrial centers. The research was aimed to evaluate soil contamination in the cities and towns of Kazakhstan Republic and to mark out health risk areas. Five localities with especially high levels of soil contamination were revealed. Visualization of ecological contamination on individual urban areas gives to ecologists a tool to analyze and solve medical ecology problems. The results of soil contamination mapping can contribute earmarking of funds by local authorities to carry out measures for optimizing the environment.

[Influence of some environmental factors in urban areas on public health (review of literature)].

The authors present results of studies concerning influence of environmental factors in urban areas on public health. Modern men indoors and outdoors are exposed simultaneously to multiple hazards with levels sometimes exceeding physiologic tolerance, and some of these hazards could be assigned to risk factors. Preventive medicine requires new theoretic basis for prophylactic activities grounded on medical ecologic and biologic views explaining cause-effect relationships between mechanisms of human health in connection with environmental hazards.