Nanocarrier of Pin1 inhibitor based on supercritical fluid technology inhibits cancer metastasis by blocking multiple signaling pathways.

Cancer metastasis is the primary cause of all cancer-related deaths due to the lack of effective targeted drugs that simultaneously block multiple signaling pathways that drive the dissemination and growth of cancer cells. The unique proline isomerase Pin1 activates numerous cancer pathways, but its role in cancer metastasis and the inhibitory efficacy of Pin1 inhibitors on cancer metastasis are unknown. Moreover, the applicability of Pin1 inhibitor-all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is limited due to its several drawbacks. Herein, uniform ATRA-loaded polylactic acid-polyethylene glycol block copolymer nanoparticles (ATRA-NPs) with high encapsulation efficiency, good cellular uptake, excellent controlled release performance and pharmacokinetics are developed using supercritical carbon dioxide processing combined with an optimized design. ATRA-NPs exhibited excellent biosafety and significant inhibition on the growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Pin1 played a key role in cancer metastasis and was the main target of ATRA-NPs. ATRA-NPs exerted their potent anti-metastatic effect by inhibiting Pin1 and then simultaneously blocking multiple signaling pathways and cancer epithelial-mesenchymal progression. Since ATRA-NPs could effectively couple the inhibition of cancer cell dissemination with cancer growth, it provided a novel therapeutic strategy for efficiently inhibiting cancer metastasis.

Effects of dexmedetomidine on perioperative stress response, inflammation and immune function in patients with different degrees of liver cirrhosis.

Effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on perioperative stress response, inflammation and immune function in patients with different degrees of liver cirrhosis were investigated. A total of 94 patients with liver cirrhosis who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from December 2016 to November 2017 were included, and randomly divided into control and observation group (n=47). Patients in control group were given remifentanil for anesthesia, while patients in observation group were treated with remifentanil and for DEX anesthesia. Venous blood was collected immediately before induction of anesthesia (T1), 10 min (T2) after the beginning of surgery, immediately after surgery (T3) and 2 h after surgery (T4). Hemodynamic parameters, stress response factors, adverse reactions and levels of inflammatory cytokines and T lymphocyte subsets were compared between the two groups. The mean arterial pressure in both groups was lower at T2-T4 than that at T1 (p<0.05), and mean arterial pressure was lower in observation group than in control group (p<0.05). Visual analogue pain score (VAS) of observation group was significantly lower than that of control group at 6, 12 and 24 h after operation (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in incidence of nausea, vomiting, hypoxemia and delayed awakening (p>0.05). Incidence of postoperative agitation in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group (p<0.05). The levels of CD3+, CD4+, and CD4+/CD8+ in both groups were significantly lower at T2-T4 than those at T1 (p<0.05). Levels of IL-10 and TNF-α in both groups were significantly higher at T2-T4 than those at T1, but levels of IL-2 and TNF-α were significantly lower in observation group than in control group (p<0.05). In conclusion, the use of DEX for anesthesia in patients with liver cirrhosis can improve hemodynamic stability, reduce stress response and reduce inflammation level without affecting immune function, which has important clinical significance.

Pet Imaging and its Application in Cardiovascular Diseases.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide and represent a great challenge for modern research and medicine. Despite advances in preventing and treating CVD over the decades, there remains an urgent need to develop sensitive and safe methods for early detection and personalized treatment. With refinements of molecular imaging technologies such as positron emission tomography (PET), noninvasive imaging of CVDs is experiencing impressive progress in both preclinical and clinical settings. In this review, we summarize advances in cardiovascular PET imaging, highlight the latest development of CVD imaging probes, and illustrate the potential for individualized therapy based on metabolic phenotype.

Advanced light-trapping effect of thin-film solar cell with dual photonic crystals.

A thin-film solar cell with dual photonic crystals has been proposed, which shows an advanced light-trapping effect and superior performance in ultimate conversion efficiency (UCE). The shapes of nanocones have been optimized and discussed in detail by self-definition. The optimized shape of nanocone arrays (NCs) is a parabolic shape with a nearly linearly graded refractive index (GRI) profile from the air to Si, and the corresponding UCE is 30.3% for the NCs with a period of 300 nm and a thickness of only 2 µm. The top NCs and bottom NCs of the thin film have been simulated respectively to investigate their optimized shapes, and their separate contributions to the light harvest have also been discussed fully. The height of the top NCs and bottom NCs will also influence the performances of the thin-film solar cell greatly, and the result indicates that the unconformal NCs have better light-trapping ability with an optimal UCE of 32.3% than the conformal NCs with an optimal UCE of 30.3%.

Ultra-thin circular polarization analyzer based on the metal rectangular split-ring resonators.

We propose an ultra-thin metasurface of the metal rectangular split-ring resonators (MRSRR) array which can modulate and analyze the wavefront of circularly polarized light efficiently. An incident circularly polarized light could be converted into the corresponding cross-polarized light which would be bent to ± 23° at a wavelength of 808 nm for the normal incidence. And a linearly polarized light would be decomposed into two lights of left and right-handed circular polarizations in the directions of ∓23° respectively. These phenomena have also been observed at 1200 nm with different geometric parameters. And these results depend on controlling the optical-axis profile of the resonators in a subwavelength scale by precisely modulating two degrees of freedom in our nanostructures.

Effect of bushen jianpi decoction and its disassemble recipes on tumor growth in mice with transplanted primary hepatic carcinoma / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe comparatively the effects of Bushen Jianpi Decoction (BJD) and its disassemble recipes on tumor growth in mice with transplanted primary hepatic carcinoma (PCH).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty mice with transplanted PCH were randomly and equally divided into 5 groups. The blank control group consisted of untreated model mice, and 4 treated groups consisted of model mice treated with 5-FU (q. o. d, intraperitoneal injection, x 5), BJD and it disassemble recipes (Bushen portion and Jianpi portion, abbreviated as BSP and JPP hereafter) q. d. by gastrogavage for 10 successive days. The body mass, tumor size, serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level, tumor cell apoptosis and percentage of cells, cell cycle as well as the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 4 treated groups, the heaviest body mass and the de-tumor body mass of mice, and the lowest tumor index were presented in the BJD treated group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05); ADC in the BJD treated group and the 5-FU treated group was lower than that in the BSP treated group and JPP treated group (P < 0.05); the lowest VEGF level and tumor mass presented in the 5-FU group, and the highest presented in the JPP group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Tumor inhibition rate and cell apoptosis rate in the 5-FU group was highest and in BJD group the secondary. As for cells of different cell cycles, comparisons between the 4 groups showed that S phase cell in 5-FU group < BJD group < BSP and JPP groups (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05); G0-G1 phase cell in BJD and BSP group < JPP group < 5-FU group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). No significant difference of G2-M phase cell was shown among them.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The acting mechanism of BJD and its disassembled recipes on transplanted PCH may be inhibiting VEGF expression and accelerating tumor cell apoptosis. Change of MRI's ADC value was keeping in step with changing of VEGF and cell apoptosis. Thereby, it could objectively reflect the metabolism of tumor cells, being a new means for assessing the effect of Chinese materia medica.</p>

Relationship between CT grouping and complications of liver cirrhosis.

BACKGROUND: Imaging examination is important for hepatic cirrhosis. But the relationship between magnetic resonance (MR), computed tomography (CT) or ultrasound findings and pathological groups, degree, or reserve function of the cirrhotic liver is not clear. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the CT groupings of liver cirrhosis and its complications and clinical conditions. METHODS: The CT findings in 357 patients with liver cirrhosis were grouped. The complications were analyzed, included splenomegaly, varicose collateral veins, ascites, pleurorrhea, primary liver carcinoma, gallbladder stone, etc. Blood routine (BRt), and serum usea nitrogen (SUN), creatinine and uric acid were measured and hypersplenia and liver-kidney syndrome were estimated. RESULTS: Three hundred and fifty-seven patients with cirrhosis were divided into homogeneous group (87 patients, 24.4%), segmental group (41, 11.5%), and nodal group (229, 64.2%). The grade of spleen enlargement in the segmental and the nodal groups was significantly greater than that in the homogeneous group (P<0.01 and P<0.001). The patients with varices were shown in a descending order in the segmental group (70.7%), the nodal group (17.0%) and the homogeneous group (2.3%), respectively. Significant difference was observed among the 3 groups (P<0.001). Ascites was seen in 182 patients (79.5%) of the nodal group, in 11 patients (26.8%) of the segmental group and in 9 patients (10.3%) of the homogeneous group (P<0.001). Sixty-eight patients (29.7%) in the nodal group had primary liver carcinoma and 1 (2.4%) in the segmental group and 5 (5.8%) in the homogeneous group (P<0.001). The number of patients with decreased concentration of hematoglobin in the nodal group was more than that in the homogeneous group (P<0.001). The mean values of hematoglobin and platelet in the nodal group and the segmental group were significantly lower than those in the homogeneous group (P<0.05). The number of patients with increased concentration of SUN in the nodal group and the segmental group was more than that in the homogeneous group (P<0.005). The concentration of SUN in the nodal group was significantly higher than that in the homogeneous group (P<0.002). CONCLUSION: There is a close relationship between the grouping of liver cirrhosis by CT findings and complications caused by the cirrhosis. The grouping is significant for estimating clinical conditions.

[A study on relationship between CT grouping and complication of liver cirrhosis].

OBJECTIVES: To probe into the relationship between the CT grouping of liver cirrhosis and its complications as well as clinical condition. METHODS: On the basis of CT findings in 357 cases with liver cirrhosis, CT grouping of the cirrhosis was performed. The complications of the cirrhosis, including enlargement of spleen, varicose collateral veins, ascites, pleurorrhea, primary liver carcinoma, gallbladder stone, etc, of all groups were analyzed. According to examination the blood routine, and the serum urea nitrogen (SUN), creatinine and uric acid, the condition of spleen function accentuation and liver-kidney syndrome were estimated. RESULTS: Three hundred and fifty-seven cases with cirrhosis were divided into homogeneous group (87 cases, 24.4%), segmental group (41 cases, 11.5%) and nodal group (229 cases, 64.1%). The grade of spleen enlargement in the segmental group and the nodal group was significantly greater than that in homogeneous group. The cases with varicose in the segmental group was the most (70.7%), in the nodal group next (17.0%) and in the homogeneous group the least (2.3%). There was significant difference among three groups. In the nodal group, there was ascites in 182 cases (79.5%) and significantly more than that in the segmental group (11 cases, 26.8%) and the homogeneous group (9 cases, 10.3%), and the former significantly more than the latter. There were 68 cases (29.7%) with primary liver carcinoma in the nodal group, and significantly more than that in the segmental group (1 case, 2.4%) and the homogeneous group (5 cases, 5.7%). The cases with hemoglobin decrease in the nodal group were significantly more than that in the homogeneous group. The averages of hemoglobin and platelet in the nodal group and the segmental group were significantly lower than that in the homogeneous group. The cases with SUN increase in the nodal group and the segmental group were significantly more than that in the homogeneous group. The concentration of SUN in the nodal group was significantly higher than that in the homogeneous group. CONCLUSIONS: There are close relationship between the grouping of liver cirrhosis on basis of CT findings and complications of the cirrhosis. The practice of grouping might be useful for estimating clinical condition