A pH-Responsive Polycaprolactone-Copper Peroxide Composite Coating Fabricated via Suspension Flame Spraying for Antimicrobial Applications.

In this study, a pH-responsive polycaprolactone (PCL)-copper peroxide (CuO2) composite antibacterial coating was developed by suspension flame spraying. The successful synthesis of CuO2 nanoparticles and fabrication of the PCL-CuO2 composite coatings were confirmed by microstructural and chemical analysis. The composite coatings were structurally homogeneous, with the chemical properties of PCL well maintained. The acidic environment was found to effectively accelerate the dissociation of CuO2, allowing the simultaneous release of Cu2+ and H2O2. Antimicrobial tests clearly revealed the enhanced antibacterial properties of the PCL-CuO2 composite coating against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus under acidic conditions, with a bactericidal effect of over 99.99%. This study presents a promising approach for constructing pH-responsive antimicrobial coatings for biomedical applications.

Exploring Embodied Intelligence in Soft Robotics: A Review.

Soft robotics is closely related to embodied intelligence in the joint exploration of the means to achieve more natural and effective robotic behaviors via physical forms and intelligent interactions. Embodied intelligence emphasizes that intelligence is affected by the synergy of the brain, body, and environment, focusing on the interaction between agents and the environment. Under this framework, the design and control strategies of soft robotics depend on their physical forms and material properties, as well as algorithms and data processing, which enable them to interact with the environment in a natural and adaptable manner. At present, embodied intelligence has comprehensively integrated related research results on the evolution, learning, perception, decision making in the field of intelligent algorithms, as well as on the behaviors and controls in the field of robotics. From this perspective, the relevant branches of the embodied intelligence in the context of soft robotics were studied, covering the computation of embodied morphology; the evolution of embodied AI; and the perception, control, and decision making of soft robotics. Moreover, on this basis, important research progress was summarized, and related scientific problems were discussed. This study can provide a reference for the research of embodied intelligence in the context of soft robotics.

Successful true cavity pathfinding with balloon assisted CTO with bifurcation lesions: Two case reports.

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery disease is a prevalent global cardiovascular ailment, with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) standing out as a crucial method for relieving symptoms and enhancing the quality of life in patients with coronary heart disease. However, the presence of concurrent chronic total occlusion (CTO) and bifurcation lesions within coronary arteries elevates the complexity and treatment risks, especially when the entry point of the CTO is ambiguous. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to present an innovative approach for treating CTO complicated with bifurcation lesions, focusing on true cavity pathfinding assisted by a balloon. METHODS: Two cases of CTO patients with concomitant bifurcation lesions are described. One case involves CTO of the left anterior descending artery) combined with anterior non-angle trigeminal lesions, while the other entails CTO of the posterior left artery combined with posterior angle trigeminal lesions. True lumen identification using a balloon and subsequent opening of the CTO blood vessel were performed in both cases. RESULTS: In both cases, the true lumen was successfully located with the assistance of a balloon, leading to the successful opening of the CTO blood vessel. This approach not only simplified the procedure but also reduced procedural difficulty and associated risks of complications compared to traditional guide wire operations. CONCLUSION: The application of true cavity pathfinding assisted by a balloon offers a novel and effective strategy for managing CTO complicated with bifurcation lesions. The method simplifies the procedure, decreases procedural difficulty, and lowers the risk of complications associated with guide wire operations. However, further studies and long-term follow-up data are warranted to validate the reliability and long-term efficacy of this innovative approach.

[Spatial-temporal Distribution and Source Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Sediments of Poyang Lake].

The concentrations, spatial-temporal distribution, and influencing factors of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the sediments of Poyang Lake were studied, and a quantitative source analysis of PAHs in different areas of the lake was conducted. PAHs were widespread within the sediments. The concentrations of ∑16PAHs in the surface sediments of all sites ranged from 203 to 2 318 µg·kg-1. The concentrations of PAHs in the surface sediments of the lake body were higher than those in the surface sediments of the inlet rivers. The ratio of PAHs in Poyang Lake was 4 rings > 5 rings > 6 rings > 3 rings > 2 rings; the composition of 4-ring PAHs was dominant, and its content accounted for 86.11% of ∑16PAHs. The 2- and 3-ring and some 4-ring PAHs, including Flua and Pyr, were more susceptible to SOM, and the 4 through 6-ring PAHs were more susceptible to ORP and heavy metals and other environmental factors. Spatially, the higher concentration of ∑16PAHs occurred in the area of the lake adjacent to Duchang County and Poyang County, where the terrain was relatively closed, and the water exchange with the surrounding area was less than that in other sections, which was not conducive to the migration, transformation, and degradation of pollutants. In the temporal distribution, the changes in PAHs concentration level and the development of GDP in Jiangxi Province showed high consistency, and the influence of economic development and human activities might have been the main reason for the increasing PAHs concentration level. The main sources of PAHs in surface sediments of Poyang Lake included petroleum pollution and oil and coal and biomass combustion sources, and there were some spatial differences in PAHs sources in different regions. This study can provide a reference for PAHs pollution in surface sediments of Poyang Lake, which is important for the ecological environmental protection and management of Poyang Lake.

Comprehensive insight into mercury contamination in atmospheric, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems surrounding a typical antimony-coal mining district.

This study comprehensively investigated mercury (Hg) contents of various environmental compartments in a typical antimony-coal mining area with intensive industrial activities over the past 120 years to analyze Hg environmental behaviors and evaluate Hg risks. The total mercury (THg) contents in river water, sediments, soils, PM10, dust falls, vegetables and corns were 1.16 ± 0.63 µg/L, 2.01 ± 1.64 mg/kg, 1.87 ± 3.88 mg/kg, 7.87 ± 18.68 ng/m3, 13.01 ± 14.53 mg/kg, 0.30 ± 0.34 mg/kg and 3.11 ± 0.51 µg/kg, respectively. The δ202Hg values in soils and dust falls were - 1.58 ∼ 0.12‰ and 0.25 ∼ 0.30‰, respectively. Environmental samples affected by industrial activities in the Xikuangshan (XKS) presented higher THg and δ202Hg values. Binary mixing model proved that atmospheric deposition with considerable Hg deposition flux (0.44 ∼ 6.40, 3.12 ± 2.20 mg/m2/y) in the XKS significantly contributed to Hg accumulations on surface soils. Compared with soils, sediments with more frequent paths and higher burst probabilities presented higher dynamic Hg risks. Children were faced higher health risk of multiple Hg exposure than adults. Furthermore, the health risk of THg by consuming leaf vegetables deserved more attention. These findings provided scientific basis for managing Hg contamination.

Enhanced Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction via Electronic Structure Regulation: Activating PtRh with Rare Earth Tm Alloying.

Developing high-performance electrocatalysts for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is crucial for producing green hydrogen, yet it remains challenging due to the sluggish kinetics in alkaline environments. Pt is located near the peak of HER volcano plot, owing to its exceptional performance in hydrogen adsorption and desorption, and Rh plays an important role in H2O dissociation. Lanthanides (Ln) are commonly used to modulate the electronic structure of materials and further influence the adsorption/desorption of reactants, intermediates, and products, and noble metal-Ln alloys are recognized as effective platforms where Ln elements regulate the catalytic properties of noble metals. Here Pt1.5Rh1.5Tm alloy is synthesized using the sodium vapor reduction method. This alloy demonstrates superior catalytic activity, being 4.4 and 6.6 times more effective than Pt/C and Rh/C, respectively. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the upshift of d-band center and the charge transfer induced by alloying promote adsorption and dissociation of H2O, making Pt1.5Rh1.5Tm alloy more favorable for the alkaline HER reaction, both kinetically and thermodynamically.

OH2 oncolytic virus: A novel approach to glioblastoma intervention through direct targeting of tumor cells and augmentation of anti-tumor immune responses.

Glioblastoma (GBM), the deadliest central nervous system cancer, presents a poor prognosis and scant therapeutic options. Our research spotlights OH2, an oncolytic viral therapy derived from herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2), which demonstrates substantial antitumor activity and favorable tolerance in GBM. The extraordinary efficacy of OH2 emanates from its unique mechanisms: it selectively targets tumor cells replication, powerfully induces cytotoxic DNA damage stress, and kindles anti-tumor immune responses. Through single-cell RNA sequencing analysis, we discovered that OH2 not only curtails the proliferation of cancer cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM)-M2 but also bolsters the infiltration of macrophages, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Further investigation into molecular characteristics affecting OH2 sensitivity revealed potential influencers such as TTN, HMCN2 or IRS4 mutations, CDKN2A/B deletion and IDO1 amplification. This study marks the first demonstration of an HSV-2 derived OV's effectiveness against GBM. Significantly, these discoveries have driven the initiation of a phase I/II clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05235074). This trial is designed to explore the potential of OH2 as a therapeutic option for patients with recurrent central nervous system tumors following surgical intervention.

Okeanic acid-A, a trihydroxy fatty acid from the Okinawan cyanobacterium Okeania hirsuta.

Trihydroxy fatty acids are oxidative metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids isolated from plants, bacteria, fungi, and microalgae and have a variety of biological activities. In this study, a new trihydroxy fatty acid, okeanic acid-A (1), was isolated together with malyngic acid (2) and 15,16-dihydromalyngic acid (3) from the cyanobacterium Okeania hirsuta collected in Okinawa, Japan. The planar structure of 1 was elucidated by detailed analyses using high-resolution ESI-MS and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The absolute configurations of the hydroxy groups in 1 were determined unambiguously by chemical derivatisation and a modified Mosher's method. These cyanobacterial trihydroxy fatty acids (1-3) have identical configurations at their respective trihydroxy parts. Okeanic acid-A (1) showed mild growth-inhibitory activity against the marine diatom Nitzschia amabilis.

N-Desmethylmajusculamide B, a lipopeptide isolated from the Okinawan cyanobacterium Okeania hirsuta.

A new lipopeptide, N-desmethylmajusculamide B (1), was isolated from the Okinawan cyanobacterium Okeania hirsuta along with 2 known compounds majusculamide A (2) and majusculamide B (3). The planar structure of (1) was elucidated by a detailed analysis of mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The absolute configurations of the amino acid residues were determined using Marfey's analysis. The configuration of C-16 in the α-methyl-ß-keto-decanoyl moiety was determined unambiguously to be S by conducting a semisynthesis of N-desmethylmajusculamide B from 3. The cytotoxicity against mouse L1210 leukemia cells was evaluated for majusculamides (1-3).

High-dose exposure to butylparaben impairs thyroid ultrastructure and function in rats.

Parabens (PBs) are a class of preservatives commonly used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Studies have shown that these compounds may act as endocrine disruptors, affecting thyroxine levels in humans. PBs with longer chain substituents, such as butylparaben (BuP), are less prone to complete biotransformation and are therefore more likely to accumulate in the body. In this study, the effect of high-dose exposure to BuP on thyroid microstructure, ultrastructure, and function was investigated in rats. 50 mg/kg bw per day of BuP was injected subcutaneously into the neck of rats for 4 weeks. Rat thyroid weight, microstructure, and ultrastructure were determined, and the levels of thyroid sodium/iodide symporter (NIS), serum thyroid hormones, and thyroid autoantibodies were measured. The human thyroid cell line was used to study the mechanism of BuP on thyroid epithelial cells. The weight of the thyroid gland of BuP-exposed rats was increased, the structure of the thyroid follicles was irregular and damaged, the mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum were swollen and damaged, and the microvilli at the tip of the epithelium were reduced and disappeared. Serum total T3, total T4, free T3, and free T4 were decreased in BuP-exposed rats, and TSH, peroxidase antibody, and thyroglobulin antibody were increased. In vitro, BuP decreased the level of NIS in thyroid epithelial cells, inhibited proliferation and viability, and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. This study demonstrated that high-dose exposure to BuP induced structural, ultrastructural, and functional impairment to the thyroid gland of rats, which may be one of the factors leading to hypothyroidism.

Transfer RNA-derived small RNA tRF-Glu-CTC attenuates neointimal formation via inhibition of fibromodulin.

Neointimal hyperplasia is a pathological vascular remodeling caused by abnormal proliferation and migration of subintimal vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) following intimal injury. There is increasing evidence that tRNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA) plays an important role in vascular remodeling. The purpose of this study is to search for tsRNAs signature of neointima formation and to explore their potential functions. The balloon injury model of rat common carotid artery was replicated to induce intimal hyperplasia, and the differentially expressed tsRNAs (DE-tsRNAs) in arteries with intimal hyperplasia were screened by small RNA sequencing and tsRNA library. A total of 24 DE-tsRNAs were found in the vessels with intimal hyperplasia by small RNA sequencing. In vitro, tRF-Glu-CTC inhibited the expression of fibromodulin (FMOD) in VSMCs, which is a negative modulator of TGF-ß1 activity. tRF-Glu-CTC also increased VSMC proliferation and migration. In vivo experiments showed that inhibition of tRF-Glu-CTC expression after balloon injury of rat carotid artery can reduce the neointimal area. In conclusion, tRF-Glu-CTC expression is increased after vascular injury and inhibits FMOD expression in VSMCs, which influences neointima formation. On the other hand, reducing the expression of tRF-Glu-CTC after vascular injury may be a potential approach to prevent vascular stenosis.

[Characteristics and Source Apportionment of VOCs Initial Mixing Ratio in Beijing During Summer].

To clarify the characteristics and source apportionment of the VOCs initial mixing ratio in Beijing in summer, continuous monitoring of VOCs was conducted in the Beijing urban area from May to August 2022, and the initial mixing ratio was calculated using the photochemical ratio method. The results showed that:① during the study period, initial φ(TVOCs) in the Beijing urban area were (30.0 ±11.5)×10-9, in which the proportion of VOCs and alkanes containing oxygen reached 34.2% and 33.2%, respectively. The species with high volume fractions were low carbon substances such as acetone, ethane, acetaldehyde, and propane. ② The initial TVOCs mixing ratio in Beijing showed a slightly unimodal trend, reaching the peak at 11:00 and slightly decreasing in the afternoon. ③ Isoprene, acetaldehyde, n-butanal, and ethylene were the major contributors to the generation of O3, whereas toluene, isoprene, m-paraxylene, and ethylbenzene were the major contributors to the generation of secondary organic aerosols. ④ Based on the initial mixing ratio of PMF analysis, it was found that aging background and secondary sources (30%) contributed the most to VOCs in Beijing, and motor vehicle sources (25%) were the main primary human sources. In addition, solvent and fuel volatile sources contributed 16%, combustion sources contributed 11%, industrial process sources contributed 9%, and natural sources contributed 9%. ⑤ The anthropogenic sources of Beijing were mainly from the eastern and southern regions, whereas the natural sources were from the western and northwestern regions. This research showed that vehicle emissions should be further reduced, and regional joint prevention and control to reduce VOCs in the whole region is an effective means to control VOCs in Beijing.

Methyl donor diet attenuates intimal hyperplasia after vascular injury in rats.

Environmental factors, particularly dietary habits, play an important role in cardiovascular disease susceptibility and progression through epigenetic modification. Previous studies have shown that hyperplastic vascular intima after endarterectomy is characterized by genome-wide hypomethylation. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether methyl donor diet affects intimal hyperplasia and the possible mechanisms involved. Intimal hyperplasia was induced in SD rats by carotid artery balloon injury. From 8 d before surgery to 28 d after surgery, the animals were fed a normal diet (ND) or a methyl donor diet (MD) supplemented with folic acid, vitamin B12, choline, betaine, and zinc. Carotid artery intimal hyperplasia was observed by histology, the effect of MD on carotid protein expression was analyzed by proteomics, functional clustering, signaling pathway, and upstream-downstream relationship of differentially expressed proteins were analyzed by bioinformatics. Results showed that MD attenuated balloon injury-induced intimal hyperplasia in rat carotid arteries. Proteomic analysis showed that there were many differentially expressed proteins in the common carotid arteries of rats fed with two different diets. The differentially expressed proteins are mainly related to the composition and function of the extracellular matrix (EMC), and changes in the EMC can lead to vascular remodeling by affecting fibrosis and stiffness of the blood vessel wall. Changes in the levels of vasculotropic proteins such as S100A9, ILF3, Serpinh1, Fbln5, LOX, HSPG2, and Fmod may be the reason why MD attenuates intimal hyperplasia. Supplementation with methyl donor nutrients may be a beneficial measure to prevent pathological vascular remodeling after injury.

Sub-1 nm Cu2O Nanosheets for the Electrochemical CO2 Reduction and Valence State-Activity Relationship.

The copper-based (Cu-based) electrocatalytic materials effectively carry out the electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) toward C2+ products, yet the superiority and stability of the oxidation state of Cu are still worth studying. Herein, we designed and prepared three Cu-based electrocatalysts with different oxidation states to study the valence state-activity relationship. Among these Cu-based electrocatalysts, the Cu2O nanosheets with thickness of only 0.9 nm show an extremely high C2+ Faraday efficiency (FEC2+) of ∼81%, and the FEC2+ has an increase of 37% compared with the traditional CuOx phase. The ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) nanosheet structure with abundant oxygen vacancies can stabilize the oxidation state of Cu to improve the selectivity for C2+ products in CO2RR. In situ Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the rich Cu+ in the ultrathin 2D Cu2O nanosheets is the most suitable oxidation state for *CO adsorption and coverage on the catalyst surface, which promotes the C-C coupling reaction in CO2RR. This work provides an excellent catalyst for CO2RR toward C2+ products.

Amoxicillin degradation in the heat, light, or heterogeneous catalyst activated persulfate systems: Comparison of kinetics, mechanisms and toxicities.

Various activated persulfate (PS) technologies have been investigated and implemented to eliminate antibiotic contaminants from water. The investigation and evaluation of different activation systems are essential for the application of PS techniques. The degradation of amoxicillin (AMX) by heat, light, or heterogeneous catalyst of Fe-AC composite activated PS was investigated, and the kinetics, mechanisms and toxicities were compared in this work. The apparent activation energy of the Fe-AC system was lower than that of the heat system. Hydroxyl and sulfate radicals were demonstrated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and quenching tests. There were 22, 21 and 13 types of degradation intermediates detected in heat, light and Fe-AC system, respectively. Six pathways of AMX degradation were proposed and compared in the three activated PS systems. The toxicity prediction of degradation intermediates under different treatment processes was estimated by ecological structure-activity relationship model and toxicity estimation software tool. The genotoxicity of the AMX degradation solution was tested by Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1_recA, which indicated that the AMX solution after treatment in the Fe-AC system had almost no genotoxicity. The Fe-AC/PS system shows apparent advantages over the heat or light activated PS system in most cases, demonstrating that the Fe-AC/PS system is suitable for AMX-contaminated remediation in aqueous solution.

Free radical formation via BDE-209 thermolysis in the precalciner of a cement kiln: Simulation and DFT study.

To deeply understand the formation mechanism of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PBDD/Fs) in the thermal disposal process of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE)-containing waste, this paper studied the formation pathways of key intermediates (free radicals, FRs) in the formation process of PBDD/Fs. BDE-209, the most common PBDE in the environment, was selected as the object of study to analyze FR formation by simulating the key conditions such as temperature (850 °C) and Fe-based materials when PBDE-containing waste entering cement kiln precalciner. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to study the reaction. The result of simulation experiments revealed carbon-centered radicals, and DMPO-OH analysis further confirmed the generation of FRs. The findings confirmed previous calculations predicting the existence of radical intermediates during the formation of PBDD/Fs from BDE-209. DFT calculations revealed the existence of an inner ortho-position CBr bond in BDE-209. The priority order of the bond breaking of BDE-209 was ether bond, inner ortho-position CBr bond, and outside ortho-position CBr bond. BDE-209 can further form three kinds of FRs, namely, oxygen-centered radicals of single benzene rings, carbon-centered radicals of single benzene rings, and carbon-centered radicals of double benzene rings. The specific processes of FR formation were inferred: high-temperature homogeneous cleavage of chemical bonds, electron transfer, and chemisorption, where electron transfer and chemisorption may be more important pathways. The proposed inner ortho-position cleavage within BDE-209 provides new insights into the degradation of PBDEs and the formation of PBDD/Fs; the results regarding BDE-209 generation radicals further elucidate the synthesis mechanism of dioxins, which is important for controlling dioxin generation and emission during the treatment and disposal of waste containing PBDEs.

Peroxymonocarbonate activation via Co nanoparticles confined in metal-organic frameworks for efficient antibiotic degradation in different actual water matrices.

Traditional advanced oxidation processes suffer from low availability of ultrashort lifetime radicals and declining stability of catalysts. Co nanoparticles in hollow bimetallic metal-organic frameworks (Co@MOFs) were synthesized via a solvothermal method. Nanoconfinement and peroxymonocarbonate (PMC) degradation system endows Co@MOFs with high catalytic activity and stability even in the actual water matrices. The nanocomposites exhibited 100-200 nm polyhedron structure with irregular nanocavity between the 20 nm shell and multicores. Co nanoparticles were completely encapsulated by the FeIII-MOF-5 shell according to the X-ray diffraction and photoelectron spectra. Both 0.8 nm micropores and 3.6 nm mesopores were proven to be present. The yolk-shell Co@MOFs exhibited higher catalytic performance than that of Co nanoparticles, hollow FeIII-MOF-5 and its core-shell counterpart toward PMC activation during sulfamethoxazole degradation. The catalytic activities of Co@MOFs for the activation of unsymmetrical peroxides (PMC and peroxymonosulfate) were much higher than those for the symmetrical peroxides (H2O2 and persulfate) and the heterogeneous catalysis was dominant in the Co@MOFs activated H2O2 and PMC systems. The MOF stability was the highest and metal leakages were the least in the activated PMC system among the four peroxides because of mild reaction conditions and the alkalescent solution (pH = 8.3-8.4). Furthermore, the high removal efficiencies (>94%) and degradation rates could be maintained in the different actual water matrices due to the confinement effects. The contributions of carbonate and hydroxyl radicals were primary for sulfamethoxazole degradation, and superoxide anion and singlet oxygen also played essential roles according to scavenging experiments and time-series spin-trapping electron spin resonance spectra. Six degradation pathways were proposed according to 26 intermediate identification and the pharmacophores of more than 80% intermediates were destroyed, which would benefit subsequent biological treatment. Successful combination of nanoconfinement and PMC might provide a new effective solution for pollution remediation.

Stress stimulation maintaining by genipin crosslinked hydrogel promotes annulus fibrosus healing.

Objective: To explore the repair effect of tissue engineering for annulus fibrosus (AF) injury in stress-stimulation environment. Methods: Non-adhesive fibrinogen (Fib) representing the repair with non-stress stimulation and adhesive hydrogel of fibrinogen, thrombin and genipin mixture (Fib-T-G) representing the repair with stress stimulation were prepared to repair the AF lesion. The relationship between adhesion and stress stimulation was studied in rheological measurements, tension tests and atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments. The repair effect of stress stimulation was studied in designed acellular AF scaffold models with fissures and defects. The models were repaired by the two different hydrogels, then implanted subcutaneously and cultured for 21 â€‹d in rats. Histology and qPCR of COL1A1, COL2A1, aggrecan, RhoA, and ROCK of the tissue engineering of the interface were evaluated afterward. Moreover, the repair effect was also studied in an AF fissure model in caudal disc of rats by the two different hydrogels. Discs were harvested after 21 â€‹d, and the disc degeneration score and AF healing quality were evaluated by histology. Result: In interfacial stress experiment, Fib-T-G hydrogel showed greater viscosity than Fib hydrogel (24.67 â€‹± â€‹1.007 vs 459333 â€‹± â€‹169205 â€‹mPa â€‹s). Representative force-displacement and sample modulus for each group demonstrate that Fib-T-G group significantly increased the interfacial stress level and enhanced the modulus of samples, compared with Fib group (P â€‹< â€‹0.01). The Fib-T-G group could better bond the interface to resist the loading strain force with the broken point at 1.11 â€‹± â€‹0.10 â€‹N compared to the Fib group at 0.12 â€‹± â€‹0.08 â€‹N â€‹(P â€‹< â€‹0.01). Focusing on the interfacial healing in acellular AF scaffold model, compared with Fib â€‹+ â€‹MSCs group, the fissure and defect were connected closely in Fib-T-G â€‹+ â€‹MSCs group (P â€‹< â€‹0.01). Relative higher gene expression of COL2A1 and RhoA in Fib-T-G â€‹+ â€‹MSCs group than Fib â€‹+ â€‹MSCs group in AF fissure and AF defect model (P â€‹< â€‹0.05). The immunohistochemistry staining showed more positive staining of COL2A1 and RhoA in Fib-T-G â€‹+ â€‹MSCs group than in Fib â€‹+ â€‹MSCs group in both AF fissure and AF defect models. The degree of disc degeneration was more severe in Fib â€‹+ â€‹MSCs group than Fib-T-G â€‹+ â€‹MSCs group in vivo experiment (11.80 â€‹± â€‹1.11 vs 7.00 â€‹± â€‹1.76, P â€‹< â€‹0.01). The dorsal AF defect in Fib-T-G â€‹+ â€‹MSCs group (0.02 â€‹± â€‹0.01 â€‹mm2) was significantly smaller than that (0.13 â€‹± â€‹0.05 â€‹mm2) in Fib â€‹+ â€‹MSCs group (P â€‹< â€‹0.05). Immunohistochemical staining showed more positive staining of COL2A1 and Aggrecan in Fib-T-G â€‹+ â€‹MSCs group than in Fib â€‹+ â€‹MSCs group. Conclusion: Genipin crosslinked hydrogel can bond the interface of AF lesions and transfer strain force. Stress stimulation maintained by adhesive hydrogel promotes AF healing. The translational potential of this article: We believe the effect of stress stimulation could be concluded through this study and provides more ideals in mechanical effects for further research, which is a key technique for repairing intervertebral disc in clinic. The adhesive hydrogel of Fib-T-G+MSCs has low toxicity and helps bond the interface of AF lesion and transfer strain force, having great potential in the repair of AF lesion.

A Single-Center Study Using IVUS to Guide Rotational Atherectomy for Chronic Renal Disease's Calcified Coronary Artery.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness and safety of an IVUS-guided rotational atherectomy (RA) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in chronic renal patients with complex coronary calcification who are at risk for contrast-related acute kidney injury (AKI). Methods: From October 2018 to October 2021, 48 patients with chronic renal disease who were receiving PCI with RA at the General Hospital of NingXia Medical University were informed for data collection for this research. They were randomly assigned to the IVUS-guided RA group and the Standard RA group, which did not use IVUS. According to a clinical expert consensus document on rotational atherectomy in China, both PCI procedures were performed. The intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) results from the study group were used to describe the morphology of the lesion and to guide the selection of burrs, balloons, and stents. IVUS and angiography were used to evaluate the outcome in the end. IVUS-guided RA PCI and Standard RA PCI groups' effects and results were contrasted. Results: There were no appreciable differences in the clinical baseline characteristics between the IVUS-guided RA PCI group and the Standard RA PCI group. The average estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of two groups was (81.42 ± 20.22 vs 82.34 ± 22.19) mL/min/1.73 m2. Most of them (45.8% vs 54.2%) was in stage 60-90 mL/min/1.73m2. When compared to the standard RA PCI group, RA in IVUS-Guided group was more performed electively (87.5% vs 58.3%; p = 0.02). The IVUS-guided RA PCI group was associated with shorter fluoroscopy time (20.6 ± 8.4 vs 36 ± 22; p<0.01) and less contrast amount (32 ±16 vs 184 ±116mL; p<0.01) than Standard-RA group. Five patients in the Standard RA PCI group developed contrast-induced nephropathy, which was 5 times than the IVUS-guided RA PCI group (20.8% VS 4.1%; p=0.19). Conclusion: In chronic renal patients with complex coronary calcification, an IVUS-guided RA PCI technique is effective and safe. It can also lower the volume of contrast and perhaps the incidence of contrast-related AKI.