Effect of optimized thrombus aspiration on myocardial perfusion and prognosis in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients with primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

Objective: To investigate the impact of optimized thrombus aspiration on myocardial perfusion, prognosis, and safety in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention(primary PCI). Methods: A total of 129 patients with STEMI were randomly allocated into control group (Subgroup A and B) and experimental group(Subgroup C and D). Control group received percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA),thrombus aspiration and primary PCI. Experimental group received optimized thrombus aspiration and primary PCI. The number of thrombus aspiration was less than 4 times in Subgroup A and C. The number of thrombus aspiration was performed more than 4 times in Subgroups B and D. The classification of thrombi extracted, the TIMI flow grade, the incidence of no-reflow and slow flow, cTFC, TPI and CK-MB at 12 h and 24 h after stenting, ST segment resolution of ECG after stenting, NT-proBNP, LVEFat 24 h, 30 days and 180 days after stenting were compared between groups. The incidence of intraoperative and postoperative bleeding complications, stroke events and major cardiovascular events (MACE) were recorded and compared between groups. Results: The classification of thrombi extracted in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group. The TIMI flow grade of the experimental group was better than the control group after thrombus aspiration. After stenting, the advantage still existed, but the difference was not statistically significant. On cTFC, the experimental group was lower than the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant; After stenting the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group. The CK-MB at 12 h and 24 h of the experimental group was lower than the control group. After thrombus aspiration the incidence of no-reflow in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group; after stenting the incidence of no-reflow in the experimental group was still lower than the control group, but no statistically difference. After thrombus aspiration and stenting the incidence of slow flow in the experimental group were lower than that in the control group. After stenting, NT-proBNP at 24 h was lower in the experimental group than that in the control group, However, there was no statistical difference; after stenting, The NT-proBNP in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group at 30 days and 180 days. After stenting, LVEF of the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group at 24 h and 30 days; superiority remained after 180 days but no statistical difference. There was no statistical difference between two groups for intraoperative and postoperative bleeding complications, stroke events, and MACE events. In Subgroup analysis,there was no significant difference in the classification of thrombi extracted, TIMI flow grade, cTFC, CK-MB,NT-proBNP and LVEF between group C and D, but group A was better than group B. Analysis of variance showed that the optimal number of suction was 4-5 times. Conclusions: Optimized thrombus aspiration can significantly improve myocardial perfusion and short-term and medium-term prognosis of STEMI patients after PCI, and reduce the incidence of slow flow and no-reflow. The optimal suction times were 4-5 times. Traditional aspiration method with more aspiration times is harmful to cardiac prognosis. Thrombus aspiration does not increase the incidence of stroke events and is safe.Clinical Trial Registration: identifier, ChiCTR2300073410.

Response Surface Optimization on Ferrate-Assisted Coagulation Pretreatment of SDBS-Containing Strengthened Organic Wastewater.

Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), an anionic surfactant, has both hydrophilic and lipophilic properties and is widely used in daily production and life. The SDBS-containing organic wastewater is considered difficult to be degraded, which is harmful to the water environment and human health. In this study, ferrate-assisted coagulation was applied to treat SDBS wastewater. Firstly, a single-factor experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of the Na2FeO4 dosage, polyaluminum chloride (PAC) dosage, pH and temperature on the treatment efficiency of SDBS wastewater; then, a response surface optimization experiment was further applied to obtain the optimized conditions for the SDBS treatment. According to the experimental results, the optimal treatment conditions were shown as follows: the Na2FeO4 dosage was 57 mg/L, the PAC dosage was 5 g/L and pH was 8, under which the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate was 90%. Adsorption bridging and entrapment in the floc structure were the main mechanisms of pollution removal. The ferrate-assisted coagulation treatment of strengthened SDBS wastewater was verified by a response surface experiment to provide fundamental understandings for the treatment of the surfactant.

Clinical translation of hyperpolarized 13 C pyruvate and urea MRI for simultaneous metabolic and perfusion imaging.

PURPOSE: The combined hyperpolarized (HP) 13 C pyruvate and urea MRI has provided a simultaneous assessment of glycolytic metabolism and tissue perfusion for improved cancer diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation in preclinical studies. This work aims to translate this dual-probe HP imaging technique to clinical research. METHODS: A co-polarization system was developed where [1-13 C]pyruvic acid (PA) and [13 C, 15 N2 ]urea in water solution were homogeneously mixed and polarized on a 5T SPINlab system. Physical and chemical characterizations and toxicology studies of the combined probe were performed. Simultaneous metabolic and perfusion imaging was performed on a 3T clinical MR scanner by alternatively applying a multi-slice 2D spiral sequence for [1-13 C]pyruvate and its downstream metabolites and a 3D balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) sequence for [13 C, 15 N2 ]urea. RESULTS: The combined PA/urea probe has a glass-formation ability similar to neat PA and can generate nearly 40% liquid-state 13 C polarization for both pyruvate and urea in 3-4 h. A standard operating procedure for routine on-site production was developed and validated to produce 40 mL injection product of approximately 150 mM pyruvate and 35 mM urea. The toxicology study demonstrated the safety profile of the combined probe. Dynamic metabolite-specific imaging of [1-13 C]pyruvate, [1-13 C]lactate, [1-13 C]alanine, and [13 C, 15 N2 ]urea was achieved with adequate spatial (2.6 mm × 2.6 mm) and temporal resolution (4.2 s), and urea images showed reduced off-resonance artifacts due to the JCN coupling. CONCLUSION: The reported technical development and translational studies will lead to the first-in-human dual-agent HP MRI study and mark the clinical translation of the first HP 13 C MRI probe after pyruvate.

Hyaluronate-Functionalized Graphene for Label-Free Electrochemical Cytosensing.

Electrochemical sensors for early tumor cell detection are currently an important area of research, as this special region directly improves the efficiency of cancer treatment. Functional graphene is a promising alternative for selective recognition and capture of target cancer cells. In our work, an effective cytosensor of hyaluronate-functionalized graphene (HG) was prepared through chemical reduction of graphene oxide. The as-prepared HG nanostructures were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy coupled with cyclic voltammograms and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, respectively. The self-assembly of HG with ethylene diamine, followed by sodium hyaluronate, enabled the fabrication of a label-free electrochemical impedance spectroscopy cytosensor with high stability and biocompatibility. Finally, the proposed cytosensor exhibited satisfying electrochemical behavior and cell-capture capacity for human colorectal cancer cells HCT-116, and also displayed a wide linear range, from 5.0 × 10² cells∙mL-1 to 5.0 × 106 cells∙mL-1, and a low detection limit of 100 cells∙mL-1 (S/N = 3) for quantification. This work paves the way for graphene applications in electrochemical cytosensing and other bioassays.

Significant effect of size on the in vivo biodistribution of gold composite nanodevices in mouse tumor models.

There is growing interest in developing tissue-specific multifunctional drug delivery systems with the ability to diagnose or treat several diseases. One class of such agents, composite nanodevices (CNDs), is multifunctional nanomaterials with several potential medical uses, including cancer imaging and therapy. Nanosized metal-dendrimer CNDs consist of poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (in various sizes, surface substituents, and net charges) and inorganic nanoparticles, properties of both of which can be individually modified and optimized. In this study we examine effects of size and surface charge on the behavior of Au-dendrimer CNDs in mouse tumor models. Quantitative biodistribution and excretion analyses including 5-nm and 22-nm positive surface, 5-nm and 11-nm negative surface, and a 5-nm neutral surface CNDs were carried out in the B16 mouse melanoma tumor model system. Results seen with the 22-nm CND in the B16 melanoma model were corroborated in a prostate cancer mouse tumor model system. Quantitative in vivo studies confirm the importance of charge and show for the first time the importance of size in affecting CND biodistribution and excretion. Interestingly, CNDs of different size and/or surface charge had high levels of uptake ("selective targeting") to certain organs without specific targeting moieties placed on their surfaces. We conclude that size and charge greatly affect biodistribution of CNDs. These findings have significance for the design of all particle-based nanodevices for medical uses. The observed organ selectivity may make these nanodevices exciting for several targeted medical applications.

[Clinical evaluation of eschar grinding and biological dressing A for treatment of deep partial-thickness burn wound on the extremities].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effect of eschar grinding and wound coverage by biological dressing A in the management of deep partial-thickness burn wound on the extremities. METHODS: Seventy-three patients with deep partial-thickness burns on the extremities were divided into two groups to receive different managements. The patients in group 1 were treated with eschar grinding and wound coverage with biological dressing A, and group 2 received conventional treatment. The white blood cell count, body temperature, incidence of wound infection and wound healing time were observed. RESULTS: Compared with conventional treatment, wound management with eschar grinding and coverage by biological dressing A could increase the effective rate (29/32 vs 31/41, P<0.05), inhibit systemic inflammation and scar hypertrophy, and shorten the wound healing time (13.79-/+5.72 vs 17.08-/+8.39, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Eschar grinding and wound coverage by biological dressing A can be effective for management of deep partial-thickness burns on the extremities, and earlier treatment with the dressing A achieves better effect.

Analysis of poly(amidoamine)-succinamic acid dendrimers by slab-gel electrophoresis and capillary zone electrophoresis.

Ethylenediamine (EDA)-core poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) succinamic acid dendrimers (Ex.SAH, where x refers to the generation) were synthesized and analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), potentiometric acid-base titration, and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). Various generations (E1.SAH-E7.SAH) PAMAMs and a succinamic acid terminated core-shell tecto(dendrimer) (E5(E3.SAH)(n)) were first analyzed by PAGE. PAGE results show that the relative mobilities of generation 2 to generation 7 dendrimers decreased with the increasing number of generations. The molecular mass of a generation 5 core generation 3 shell tecto(dendrimer) (denoted as E5(E3.SAH)(n)) was determined to be between the Mw of E6.SAH and E7.SAH. CZE analysis allowed the evaluation of electrophoretic properties of given-generation dendrimers. The electrophoretic mobilities of individual generations PAMAM polyanions are similar, indicating that the separation mainly depends on their approximately identical charge/mass ratio. The E5(E3.SAH)(n) tectodendrimer had a lower electrophoretic mobility, which was consistent with its lower charge/mass ratio. The combination of PAGE and CZE analysis provides an alternative and effective way to characterize this group of PAMAM-succinamic acid dendrimers.