[Degradation dynamics of POPs atrazine in soils under long-term located fertilization conditions].

To evaluate the difference of POPs atrazine degradation dynamics in soils under different fertilization conditions, we set up an analysis method of the atrazine residue in soils and studied residue dynamics of atrazine in soils under a long-term located fertilization conditions. After extracted by surging with acetone, liquid-liquid partition and eluted through florisil, the residue of atrazine in soils was detected by gas chromatogram with 63Ni-ECD. The minimum detectable quantity of atrazine is 6.4 x 10(-12) g and the minimum detectable concentration is 6.4 x 10(-9) g x kg(-1) in the soil. The spiked recoveries of atrazine with the three concentration of 0.11, 1.1, 11.0 mg x kg(-1) in soils are 91.41% +/- 4.36%, 93.58% +/- 4.54%, 90.35% +/- 3.59%, according with the request of pesticide residue analysis. The degradation of atrazine in soil under a long-term located fertilization conditions was studied. The results show the degradation of atrazine follows stair dynamic equation, and the degradation half-life of atrazine in soils fertilized with CK, NPK, NPK + M, NPK + S are 20.6, 23.0, 28.5, 33.2 d, respectively. Subjected to analysis of LSR, NPK and organic fertilizers are obviously propitious to the degradation of atrazine. The separate regression and stepwise regression analysis prove the degradation half-life of atrazine in soils is well related with the content of alkaline nitrogen, organic matter and total nitrogen, and the coefficients are 0.9983, 0.9826 and 0.9521, respectively. Maybe the reason is that these soil nutrient substance offers enough the element carbon and nitrogen for action of microbe, and the higher action of microbe quickens the degradation of atrazine in soils.

[Effects of long-term fertilization on soil microorganism and its role in adjusting and controlling soil fertility].

To clarify the relationships between soil microorganisms and soil fertility under the condition of long-term fertilization, a 12-year fertilization experiment was installed on a fluvo-aquic soil, and the amount of soil microorganisms and the content of soil nutrients were determined and analyzed. The results showed that chemical fertilizers combined with organic manure could significantly improve soil fertility and increase the amount of soil microorganisms. Organic manure was obviously superior to corn straw in improving soil fertility. The correlation between soil microorganisms and soil fertility was significant. A positive correlation was found between the amount of bacteria and azotobacteria and the contents of organic matter, total N, alkalified N, total P and available P. The relationship between the amount of fungi and actinomycetes and the content of soil nutrients was not obvious.

[Degradation of fenpropathrin, phoxim and their mixture by soil microbes].

The degradation rates of fenpropathrin, phoxim and their mixture in un-sterilized soil were much quicker than those in sterilized soil, which indicated that soil microorganisms played a significant role in the degradation process in soil. The half-life (T0.5) in un-sterilized soil was 56.2 d for fenpropathrin, 57.8 d for mixed fenpropathrin, 48.2 d for phoxim, and 41.7 d for mixed phoxim. The corresponding half-life (T0.5) in sterilized soil was 135.1 d, 147.3 d, 123.6 d, and 126.2 d, respectively. There were no significant differences for degradation rates between single use and mixed use of fenpropathrin and phoxim.

[Effects of pesticide-contamination on population size and denitrification activity of denitrifying bacteria in paddy soils].

The effects of pesticide contamination on the population size and denitrification activity of denitrifying bacteria (DNB) were studied with three types of paddy soil (Huangsong paddy soil, red earth paddy soil and purple paddy soil) treated with carbofuran, carbendazim and butachlor for four weeks. The results showed that the population size of DNB in purple paddy soil, Huangsong paddy soil and red earth paddy soil varied in the range of 59.04 x 10(4)-157.59 x 10(4), 42.89 x 10(4)-108.97 x 10(4) and 32.14 x 10(4)-75.30 x 10(4) cfu.g-1 dried soil, respectively, which was positively related to the quantity of consumed nitrate in paddy soils. The population size and denitrification activity of DNB were increased by adding carbofuran (1 mg.kg-1 dried soil) or butachlor (1 mg.kg-1 dried soil), but decreased significantly by adding 10 mg.kg-1 dried soil of butachlor, 5 mg.kg-1 dried soil of carbofuran, and 10 mg.kg-1 dried soil of carbendazim on 7th d, 14th d and 7th d, respectively.