[Analysis of the effect of early subcutaneous specific immunotherapy on the levels of dust mite allergen-specific antibodies and polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism].

Objective: To investigate the effects of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) on patients' immune markers and metabolic levels in the early stage of allergen treatment, and to gain insight into the role of SCIT in regulating immune responses and metabolic levels, so as to provide reference data for the further discovery of potential biomarkers. Methods: A longitudinal study was used to include 40 subjects who underwent SCIT with dust mite allergens in the Department of Pediatrics of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University between November 2017 and February 2022, including 20 subjects each of single mite subcutaneous immunotherapy (SM-SCIT) and double mite subcutaneous immunotherapy (DM-SCIT). In this study, levels of dust mite allergen-specific antibodies and polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism were measured before and 12 months after treatment, while pulmonary function tests were performed. The therapeutic effects of the patients were followed up by visual analogue scale (VAS), asthma control test (ACT) and total medication scores (TMS). The results were statistically analyzed using t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: After 12 months of treatment with SCIT, both groups showed a significant decrease in total VAS score (SM-SCIT:Z=-2.298, P<0.05; DM-SCIT:Z=-3.411, P<0.001); total ACT score (SM-SCIT:Z=-2.054, P<0.05; DM-SCIT:Z=-2.014, P<0.05) and total medication scores (SM-SCIT:Z=-3.799, P<0.000 1; DM-SCIT:Z=-3.474, P<0.001) were significantly higher, in addition to significantly higher MMEF75/25 values in the DM-SCIT group (t=-2.253, P<0.05). There was no significant change in sIgE in the SM-SCIT group (P>0.05), and the sIgG4 levels of the Der p, Der f, p 1, p 2, f 2, and p 21 fractions were significantly elevated (Z=-2.651, -3.771, -2.949, -2.912, -2.725, -2.128, and -3.285, respectively, all P<0.05); The sIgE of Der p 2, f 2, p 7 and p 23 fractions(Z=-2.651, -3.771, -2.949, -2.912, -2.725, -2.128, -3.285, all P<0.05) and the sIgG4 levels of the Der p, Der f, p 1, p 2, f 1, f 2, p 10, p 21 and p 23 fractions (Z=-3.808, -3.845, -3.061, -2.688, -2.464, -3.211, -2.371, -2.091, -2.427, all P<0.05) of the DM-SCIT group were significantly elevated. Metabolomics analysis showed that arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, 5, 9, 12-octadecatrienoic acid, 5(S)-hydroxylated eicosatetraenoic acid, and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid were significantly elevated at the beginning of the treatment period after SM-SCIT treatment (Z of -2.191, -2.497, -1.988, -2.090, -2.19, -2.803, -2.073, all P<0.05); 5(S)-hydroxylated eicosatetraenoic acid showed elevated and alpha-linolenic acid, eicosadienoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid were significantly decreased in the DM-SCIT group after treatment (Z=-1.988, -2.090, -2.497, -1.988, respectively, all P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that arachidonic acid was significantly negatively correlated with changes in dust mite-specific IgG4 (r=-0.499, P<0.05), and that alpha-linolenic acid, 5, 9, 12-octadecatrienoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid were positively correlated with the ΔsIgG4 of the dust mite der p 2 (r=0.451, 0.420, 0.474, respectively; all P<0.05). Conclusion: Significant changes in allergen-specific antibody levels and polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism levels occur during SCIT, and the two may interact and influence each other.

[Pathological classification of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma and comparative analysis with peritoneal carcinomatosis].

Objective: To analyze the pathological classification of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPeM) and screen the immunohistochemical markers that can distinguish MPeM from peritoneal metastatic carcinoma (PC) . Methods: In June 2020, the pathological results of peritoneal biopsy of 158 MPeM and 138 PC patients from Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou People's Hospital, and Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from May 2011 to July 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, and the pathological classifications of MPeM in Cangzhou were summarized. Immunohistochemical markers of MPeM and PC patients were analyzed, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) was drawn for differential diagnosis of MPeM and PC. Results: There were 55 male and 103 female MPeM patients in Cangzhou, with an average age of 57.1 years old. The asbestos exposure rate was 91.14% (144/158). The most common pathological classifications were cutaneous type, accounting for 90.51% (143/158). There were significant differences in the expression of calreticulum protein, CK5/6, vimentin, D2-40, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and tail type homologous nuclear gene transcription factor 2 (CDX-2) between MPeM and PC (P<0.05). Among the 6 positive markers, the sensitivity of calreticulum protein was the highest (0.905) and CEA was the lowest (0.428) . Conclusion: Calreticulum protein, CK5/6, vimentin, D2-40, CEA and CDX-2 may be used as specific markers to distinguish the diagnosis of MPeM from PC.

Role of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors in the tumor microenvironment: prospects for cancer immunotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a sphingolipid protein with anti-apoptotic and pro-survival effects on cancer cells via S1P receptors (S1PRs); however, the role of S1PRs in the tumor microenvironment and immune invasion is still unclear. This study investigated the relationship between S1PR expressions and patient survival and clinical manifestations with respect to the tumor microenvironment and immune infiltration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expression levels of five S1PRs were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas pan-cancer database and the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed. We predicted the relationship between S1PRs expression levels and patient survival using the univariate Cox proportional hazard regression model. Subsequently, we analyzed correlations between S1PRs expression and infiltrating immune cell subtypes using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the infiltration levels of immune and stromal cells in each tumor using the ESTIMATE algorithm and Spearman's test. RESULTS: The five S1PRs exhibited significant heterogeneity in their expression levels. The expression levels correlated with overall patient survival; however, anti-apoptotic or pro-apoptotic features varied depending on the cancer type. The variable effects of S1PRs on tumors may be related to TGF-ß levels. Our results suggest that S1PRs exert distinct influences on the tumor stem cell index and chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: This research provides comprehensive information on the importance of S1PRs in the immune microenvironment, stemness score, sensitivity of human cancer drugs, and cancer prognosis. Interestingly, our findings indicate variations in the expression levels and functions of different S1PR family members. This study highlights S1PRs as potential new targets for antitumor (adjuvant) therapy.

Integrative analyses of radiation-related genes and biomarkers associated with breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE: In addition to significantly reducing breast cancer recurrence risk, radiotherapy also prolongs patients' lives. However, radiotherapy-related genes and biomarkers still remain poorly understood. The present study aimed to identify radiation-associated genes in breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Breast cancer data were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and UCSC Xena database. The gene ontology (GO) enrichment and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed for annotation and integrated discovery. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by STRING database and hub genes were identified. Then, immunohistochemistry and tissue expression of key genes was analyzed by using the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) and GEPIA database. Genes associated with prognosis were identified by performing univariate cox analysis. RESULTS: We identified 341 differentially expressed genes related to radiotherapy in breast cancer patients. PPI analysis revealed a total of 129 nodes and 516 interactions and identified five hub genes (EGFR, FOS, ESR1, JUN, and IL6). In addition, 11 SDEGs THBS1, SERPINA11, NFIL3, METTL7A, KCTD12, HSPA6, EGR1, DDIT4, CCDC3, C11orf96, and BCL2A1 candidate genes can be used as potential diagnostic markers. The calibration curve and ROC indicate good probability consistencies of 3-years and 5-year survival rates of patients between estimation and observation. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide novel insight into the functional characteristics of breast cancer through integrative analysis of GEO data and suggest potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for breast cancer.

[A cohort study on the new infections and natural clearance of anal human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 in men who have sex with men].

Objective: To understand the infection status and elimination of anal human papillomavirus (HPV) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Urumqi, Xinjiang. Methods: The sample size formula in cohort study, a dynamic cohort study method, was used, with the sample size estimated to be 712 according to the new infection rate of HPV16. With the help from non-government organzitions in Urumqi, we recruited 810 MSMs by the snowballing method, and a follow-up program was carried every six months. Anal exfoliated cells were collected to analyze HPV type 16 and 18 infection rates. For statistical analyses, Poisson regression was used to estimate the density of new infections and persistent infections. Cox proportional hazard model was used to explore the influencing factors on both new and persistent infections and the diseases' natural clearing. Results: A total of 810 MSM were recruited, and 482 MSMs with the number of follow-ups more than 2 times were included in the analysis, with the total follow-up numbers as 994.7 person-years. The median number of follow-up and follow-up times was 4 (P25,P75:3,5) times , and 2.2 (P25,P75:1.8, 2.6) years. The baseline infection rates of HPV16 and HPV18 were 8.5% (41/482) and 3.3% (16/482), respectively. And the baseline mixed infection rate of the two types was 0.6% (3/482). The first new infection densities of HPV16 and HPV18 were 10.06 (95%CI:8.12-12.45)/100 person-years and 5.24 (95%CI:3.95-6.96)/100 person-years. The rate of natural infection clearance of HPV16 and HPV18 were 71.2% (89/125) and 71.8% (46/64), respectively. The natural clearance rate of HPV18 after 1.5 years follow-up was higher than HPV16 (97.7% vs. 94.1%). The persistent infection rate of HPV16 and HPV18 were 4.5% (20/441) and 1.7% (8/466), respectively. The risk of persistent HPV16 infection among unmarried subjects was lower than that of married subjects (aHR=0.29,95%CI:0.12-0.71). The natural clearance rate of HPV18 without condom use in anal intercourse in the last six months was 2.63 times higher than that of condom use (95%CI:1.08-6.42). Conclusions: HPV16 and 18 new infections are more common among MSM in Urumqi, and the natural clearance rate is higher. Compared with HPV18, HPV16 has a higher density of new and persistent infections, a low natural clearance rate, and a greater risk of the diseases.

Skin Ultrastructure and the Changes of HIF-2α, H-FABP Expression in the Myocardium of Electric Shock Death Rats.

ABSTRACT: Objective To observe the skin ultrastructure change of electric shock death rats and to test the expression changes of hypoxia-inducible factor-2α （HIF-2α） and heart type-fatty acid-binding protein （H-FABP） of myocardial cells, in order to provide basis for forensic identification of electric shock death. Methods The electric shock model of rats was established. The 72 rats were randomly divided into control group, electric shock death group and postmortem electric shock group. Each group was divided into three subgroups, immediate （0 min）, 30 min and 60 min after death. The skin changes of rats were observed by HE staining, the changes of skin ultrastructure were observed by scanning electron microscopy, and the expression of HIF-2α and H-FABP in rats myocardium was tested by immunohistochemical staining. Results The skin in the electric shock death group and postmortem electric shock group had no significant difference through the naked eye or by HE staining. Under the scanning electron microscope, a large number of cellular debris, cells with unclear boundaries, withered cracks, circular or elliptical holes scattered on the cell surface and irregular edges were observed. A large number of spherical foreign body particles were observed. Compared with the control group, the expression of HIF-2α in all electric shock death subgroups increased, reaching the peak immediately after death. In the postmortem electric shock group, HIF-2α expression only increased immediately after death, but was lower than that of electric shock death group （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group, the expression of H-FABP in all subgroups of electric shock death group and postmortem electric shock group significantly decreased. The expression of H-FABP in all subgroups of electric shock death group was lower than that of the postmortem electric shock group （P<0.05）. Conclusion Electric shock can increase HIF-2α expression and decrease H-FABP expression in the myocardium, which may be of forensic significance for the determination of electric shock death and identification of antemortem and postmortem electric shock.

[Effect of ectodysplasin-A1 on proliferation and cell cycle of ameloblast-like cell].

Objective: To investigate the effects of ectodysplasin-A1 (EDA1) on the proliferation and cell cycle of ameloblast-like epithelial cells (LS8 cells). Methods: Wild EDA1 plasmid pCR3-Flag-EDA1-W (wild group), syndrome mutant EDA1 plasmid pCR3-Flag-EDA1-H252L (mutant group) and empty vector plasmid pCR3-Flag (control group) were transfected into LS8 cells. Cell proliferation was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry. All tests were repeated three times. Results: Compared with the control group (0.105±0.032), the proliferation activity of the wild group (0.201±0.009) was significantly higher after 72 h (P<0.05). Compared with the control group (0.168±0.054) and the mutant group (0.194±0.059), the proliferation activity of the wild group (0.386±0.066) was significantly higher after 96 h (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the mutant group and the control group at all time points (P>0.05). In the G0/G1 phase, compared with the control group (65.4%±2.1%) and the mutant group (66.6%±3.1%), the cell distribution ratio of the wild group (51.2%±1.1%) was significantly lower (P<0.01). In the S phase, compared with the control group (23.1%±2.0%) and the mutant group (21.9%±1.8%), the cell distribution ratio of the wild type group (37.3%±2.4%) was significantly higher (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in cell cycle distribution between the mutant group and the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions: Wild EDA1 promotes the proliferation of LS8 cells and the transformation from G0/G1 to S phase. The syndrome mutant EDA1 (EDA1-H252L) loses its function of regulating the cell proliferation and cell cycle of LS8 cells.

VASPIN reduces inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress of renal tubular epithelial cells by inhibiting HMGB1 and relieves renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

OBJECTIVE: Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a clinically common issue and the resulting acute kidney injury (AKI) seriously threatens the patient's life. Therefore, prevention and treatment of renal IRI are the key to alleviating AKI in such patients. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of VASPIN on mouse renal IRI and human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 cells) to provide a new direction for the treatment of clinical renal IRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: C57/BL6 mice were used to construct a renal IRI model and recombinant mouse VASPIN was subcutaneously injected to determine whether VASPIN can alleviate renal IRI in mice by histological examination and detection of mouse urine and serum related indicators. In addition, HK-2 cells were cultured and an IRI model was constructed at the cellular level by hypoxia reoxygenation to examine the effect and mechanism of VASPIN on endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in HK-2 cells. RESULTS: Results revealed that in VASPIN-treated mice, edema of renal tubular epithelial cells was significantly improved and renal injury markers netrin-1 and L-FAPB were decreased in urine. In addition, VASPIN also reduced the expression of inflammatory factors in mouse serum and the level of oxidative stress in kidney tissue. The expression of ERS-related molecules (GRP78, ATF6, caspase12, and CHOP) in HK-2 cells treated with VASPIN was significantly reduced and VASPIN decreased the expression of the pro-inflammatory factor HMGB1. Moreover, VASPIN promoted the activity of the Nrf2/ARE/HO-1 signaling pathway and inhibited the NF-кB signaling pathway by inhibiting HMGB1. CONCLUSIONS: VASPIN reduces inflammation and ERS levels in kidney tissue and attenuates renal IRI by activating the Nrf2/ARE/HO-1 signaling pathway and inhibiting the NF-кB signaling pathway via inhibition of HMGB1.

[Application value of non-invasive ventilation combined with high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in sequential treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after mechanical ventilation].

Objective: To investigate the value of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) combined with high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNCO) in sequential treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after mechanical ventilation. Methods: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with acute exacerbation (AECOPD) patients with invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) and successful withdrawal admitted into Huxi Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College from January 2018 to December 2019 were enrolled for perspective study. The patients were divided into treatment group (n=40) and control group (n=33) by random number table method. The treatment group was given NIV and HFNCO, the control group was given NIV treatment alone. Bedside ultrasound was used to measure the patients' diaphragmatic motion, and the differences between the two groups of patients before treatment, 24, 48 and 72 h after treatment were compared in diaphragmatic excursions during quiet breathing (DEq), diaphragmatic excursions during deep breathing(DEd), diaphragmatic shallow fast breathing index (D-RSBI), arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO(2)), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO(2)), re-tracheal intubation rate, mortality rate for 28 days and average duration of NPPV treatment within 3 days. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in DEq, DEd, D-RSBI, PaO(2) and PaCO(2) between the two groups before treatment (all P>0.05). After 24 h treatment, DEd decreased in both groups, D-RSBI increased in both groups, However, D-RSBI [(1.33±0.56) vs (1.62±0.59) times·min(-1)·mm(-1)] in the treatment group was significantly lower than the control group, P=0.034. After 72 h treatment, DEd [(41.4±8.1) vs (37.8±6.0) mm] was significantly higher than the control group, D-RSBI [(1.02±0.27) vs (1.22±0.43) times·min(-1)·mm(-1)] was significantly lower than the control group (all P<0.05). The average duration of NIV treatment time [(7.5±1.2) vs (9.3±2.6) h] in the treatment group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (P<0.01). There were no statistically significant differences in PaO(2), PCO(2), re-tracheal intubation rate and the mortality rate of 28 days. Conclusion: NIV combined with HFNCO sequential therapy can effectively relieve diaphragm fatigue and promote recovery of respiratory muscle strength, and it's better than NIV alone.

LINC00707 promotes cell proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer via miR-206/FMNL2 axis.

OBJECTIVE: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been verified to participate in the regulation of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the role of LINC00707 in CRC still remains unknown. Here, we aim to study the role of LINC00707 in CRC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: LINC00707 expression in 97 pairs of CRC tissues and adjacent normal tissues was determined by the quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). LINC00707 overexpression or knockdown in SW620 or HCT116 cells was achieved by lentivirus transfection. The proliferation and cell circle progression of established cells were detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Cell invasion and migration abilities were studied by transwell assay. Dual-luciferase assay and Western blot was used to verify the underlying mechanism of LINC00707 in CRC. Nude mice were obtained to identify the in vivo function of LINC00707 in CRC. RESULTS: LINC00707 was significantly over-expressed in CRC tissues and cell lines. Up-regulation of LINC00707 promoted cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, invasion, and migration of SW620 cells. Conversely, down-regulation of LINC00707 reduced cell growth and metastasis of HCT116 cells. MiR-206 was verified as a direct target of LINC00707, and its function was inhibited by LINC00707. FMNL2 was a target for miR-206 in CRC cells. Meanwhile, LINC00707 promoted tumor growth of CRC in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: LINC00707 was up-regulated in CRC tissues and cells, which promoted cell proliferation and metastasis via sponging miR-206 to increase FMNL2 expression. This might provide a novel target for the biological treatment of CRC.

[Expression of costimulatory molecules B7H3 and B7H4 in T lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia and clinical significance].

Objective: To investigate the expression of B7H3 and B7H4 in T lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia (T-LBL/ALL) in correlation with clinicopathological parameters and patient prognosis. Methods: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the expression of B7H3 and B7H4 protein in 100 cases of T-LBL/ALL(test group) and 30 cases of lymph node reactive hyperplasia (LH) (control group), diagnosed at Shanxi Cancer Hospital from January 2001 to June 2017. Real-time RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of B7H3 and B7H4 in 50 cases of T-LBL/ALL and 30 cases of LH (control group). Results: There were 79 males,21 females. Immunohistochemical results showed that the expression rates of B7H3 and B7H4 were 23%(23/100) and 54%(54/100), respectively. By real-time RT-PCR, the relative expression of B7H3 mRNA in the T-LBL/ALL group was 2.5 times of that of the LH group. The expression levels of B7H4 mRNA in T-LBL/ALL group and LH group were extremely low.Single factor analysis showed that B7H3 protein expression in T-LBL/ALL group was associated with B symptoms and primary nodal disease (P<0.05). B7H4 protein expression was associated with mediastinal broadening and bone marrow involvement (P<0.05). B7H3 protein, B7H3 mRNA, B7H4 protein expression and IPI score were associated with prognosis (P<0.05), and the combined expression of B7H3 and B7H4 was associated with T-LBL/ALL prognosis (P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that overexpression of B7H3 mRNA was an independent risk factor for the prognosis of patients with T-LBL/ALL (P<0.05). Conclusion: Expression of B7H3 and B7H4 is closely corelated with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis of patients with T-LBL/ALL, suggesting that B7H3 and B7H4 expression play an important role in the development of T-LBL/ALL.

Estimation on Formation Time of Thrombus.

OBJECTIVES: To observe the changes of the formation time of venous thrombus in rats, and to provide new ideas and methods for the estimation on thrombus formation time of the forensic cases died from thrombosis. METHODS: Totally 80 rats were randomly divided into 10 groups （0 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 1 d, 3 d, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks after operation）. A vein thrombosis model was established by the "narrow" method. The processes of thrombosis, organization, recanalization and the features of change on hemosiderin and calcium salt were observed by HE stain, Perls stain and Von Kossa stain. The expression changes of CD61, α-SMA and CD34 were observed by immunohistochemical staining technique. RESULTS: Platelets adhered to the exposed blood vessel intima 3 h after operation, and platelet trabeculae were formed by the repeated accumulation of platelets 1 d after operation. The thrombus organization formed through the fibroblasts from vessel wall that grew into the interior of the thrombus 3 d after operation. Endothelial cells covered the surface of thrombus and then the new blood vessels were reformed, and the vessels were reconstructed. The expression of CD61 upregulated at the stages of the thrombus formation （3 h） and thrombus reformation （4 weeks）, and reached the peak 1 d after thrombus formation. The release of hemosiderin and the initial expression of α-SMA were detected 3 d later. Calcium deposit and expression of CD34 were observed 1 week later. CONCLUSIONS: The hemosiderin, calcium salt, CD61, α-SMA and CD34 show time-dependent changing characteristics, which is expected to provide a reference for the estimation on thrombus formation time of the forensic cases died from thrombosis.

[Effect and significance of mild hypothermia on cerebral blood flow velocity and cerebral extraction rate of oxygen in patients with severe subarachnoid hemorrhage].

Objective: Through studying the variations of cerebral blood flow velocity and cerebral extraction rate of oxygen to investigate the effect and mechanism of mild hypothermia therapy on early brain injury (EBI) and cerebral vasospasm (CVS) induced by sever subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Methods: A total of 62 adult patients admitted in the Department of Neurosurgery of Tianjin TEDA Hospital from January 2014 to December 2016 with severe SAH without contraindications of hypothermia therapy were randomly divided into mild hypothermia (MH) group of 30 cases and routine treatment (RT) group of 32 cases.The general data were no significant difference.The routine treatment group got bloody cerebrospinal fluid drainage, spasmolysis, 3H treatment, etc.Besides conventional treatment, MH group got mild hypothermia therapy started on the day of admission within 2-8 hours, lower rectal temperature and maintained at (35±1) ℃, maintain 5-7 d. The mean velocity of middle cerebral artery blood flow (VmMCA) and Lindergaard index of two groups were detected by transcranial Doppler to indirectly evaluate the degree and evolution of CVS.Blood gas analysis was performed to obtain the blood oxygen content of the artery and jugular vein (CaO(2)/CjvO(2)) in the two groups at the same time, and the cerebral extraction rate of oxygen (CERO(2)) = (CaO(2)-CjvO(2))/CaO(2) was calculated. Results: Within 5 times of admission d1, d2, d3, d7 and d14, mean results of VmMCA of RT group were significantly higher than those of the MH group at d2, d3, d7 and d14 on statistics.The changes of CERO(2) between MH group and RT group during the observation period were compared at the same time: there was no significant difference between d1 and d14 (P>0.05); at d2, d3 and d7 showed marked differences, and that of the MH group was significantly lower than that of the RT group' (P<0.01). The correlation analysis showed that it had a weak correlation between CERO(2) and VmMCA (P>0.05) in the MH group, and CERO(2) was significantly positively correlated with VmMCA in the RT group (P<0.01). Conclusion: MH therapy has a positive significance to reduce the incidence, degree and the duration of CVS.The relationship between CVS and the degree of hypoxia in brain was broken by the MH therapy to reduce the adverse effects of EBI through reducing metabolism, thereby alleviating hypoxia damage in brain tissue.Setting the appropriate target temperature and the course of treatment and then the gentle rewarming process can reduce the incidence of complications of hypothermia therapy.

Development of indicators for evaluating the appropriate use of triazoles for invasive fungal disease: A Delphi panel survey.

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVES: Triazoles including fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole are now widely used, whereas in some countries, they are reportedly used in inappropriate way frequently; thus, it is clearly a matter of urgency to regulate the use of triazole drugs. Several studies have made good attempts to evaluate antifungal use, but they did not cover the entire medication process. This study aimed to establish indicators for the appropriate use of triazoles for invasive fungal disease, so as to produce a reference for evaluating and standardizing the rational application of triazole antifungals. METHODS: A comprehensive analysis and literature review were conducted to construct an evaluation system for indications, therapeutic timing, duration of drug usage, drug dosage, administration method, drug interactions, medication in specific populations and pharmaceutical care. A Delphi questionnaire was designed based on the preliminary evaluation of an indicator system that comprised eight primary indicators, 29 secondary indicators and 54 tertiary indicators. A Delphi panel survey was completed by 28 and 26 experts in the first and second rounds, respectively, via e-mail. Agreement was considered to be reached when the median score was in the top tertile (4 or 5), and 80% of panel scores were in the top tertile. The experts mainly comprised physicians and clinical pharmacists from different regions. Based on expert opinions, the evaluation indicator system was modified and the final version was established. RESULTS: The response rate was high in the first and second rounds, at 100% and 93%, respectively, as was the dependability coefficient (0.83). The expert opinions resulted in four secondary indicators and nine tertiary indicators being deleted, and 10 tertiary indicators being modified. After the two rounds of the Delphi survey, the final established system of indicators comprised eight primary indicators, 25 secondary indicators and 45 tertiary indicators. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSIONS: Contrasted with previous studies that have only focused on a subset of indicators, this research establishes comprehensive indicators for evaluating the use of triazoles for invasive fungal disease and which cover most of the medication process: indications, therapeutic timing, duration of drug usage, drug dosage, administration method, drug interactions, medication in specific populations and pharmaceutical care. The indicators can reflect the characteristic of triazoles throughout the process of clinical administration for an invasive fungal disease, and it will be helpful as references when hospital administrators are regulating the use of antifungals.

Serological investigation of Mycoplasma synoviae infection in China from 2010 to 2015.

Mycoplasma synoviae can cause worldwide respiratory diseases, synovitis, or subclinical symptoms in poultry. M. synoviae infection occurs throughout the yr and causes significant economic losses, including increased mortality, condemnations, medication, and live production cost. In the present study, the seroprevalence of M. synoviae among 44,395 non-vaccinated chickens from 21 provinces in China from 2010 to 2015 was estimated using ELISA. The overall seroprevalence was 41.19%. Seropositive rates in different yr ranged between 24.70 and 57.20%; the highest seropositive rate was observed in 2010, and the lowest was observed in 2013. The prevalence rates varied greatly in different provinces from 5.10 to 100%. Of the 463 commercial flocks tested, 375 (80.99%) were positive for M. synoviae by ELISA. The seasonal distribution ranged between 26.83% (in October) and 53.98% (in July). An investigation of chickens according to age further showed that M. synoviae can infect chickens at any age. Our findings indicate that M. synoviae infection is very common in China and should prompt further research into its prevalence to develop effective control and prevention strategies.

Ligand-assisted mechanochemical synthesis of ceria-based catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3.

CeO2/TiO2 catalysts were fabricated by dry ball milling in the presence or absence of an organic ligand. It was found that the catalysts prepared by ligand-assisted ball milling exhibited high NH3-SCR activities due to the interaction between cerium ions and ligand molecules resulting in good dispersion, a high Ce3+ ratio and high reducibility of cerium species.

Leakage Current Mechanism of InN-Based Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor Structures with Al2O3 as Dielectric Layers.

InN-based metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) structures were prepared with Al2O3 as the gate oxides. Surface morphologies of InN films are improved with increasing Mg doping concentrations. At high frequencies, the measured capacitance densities deviate from the real ones with turning frequencies inversely proportional to series resistances. An ultralow leakage current density of 1.35 × 10(-9) A/cm(2) at 1 V is obtained. Fowler-Nordheim tunneling is the main mechanism of the leakage current at high fields, while Schottky emission dominates at low fields. Capacitance densities shift with different biases, indicating that the InN-based MIS structures can serve as potential candidates for MIS field-effect transistors.