Development and Validation of a Modeling and Calibration Method for Diesel-Like Multistage Combustion Based On a Modified Multi-Wiebe Function.

The stringent regulations of fuel consumption and exhaust emission require further refinement of the control strategy for diesel engines. In the future, the prediction of the in-cylinder combustion process will become necessary to achieve a more dedicated control performance. Hence, a more precise model able to run in a real-time application is required to predict the nature of multiphase Diesel combustion. This paper presents a modified multi-Wiebe function with a concise parameter structure, which is governed by the center point of the combustion process θ j 50 and the form factor m j of each stage. The modified function captures the typical characteristics of the measured heat release rate and avoids the ambiguous determination of several parameters, therefore improving the calibration efficiency. A novel calibration method called "backward-stepwise recursion" is introduced that decomposes the nature of the measured heat release rate and fits the function from the tail stage to the precombustion stage. This method is suitable for large-quantity diesel fuel combustion and dual-fuel combustion cases in which the adjacent combustion stages superimpose one another. The proposed method is applied in the measured heat release rate of a single-cylinder prototype diesel engine from 15% to 100% load conditions. The modified multi-Wiebe function suggests good accordance in heat release prediction at all the load conditions, which demonstrates its ability to be embedded in the control unit for crank-angle-resolved real-time combustion prediction.

Influence of Post-Weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Toughness Properties of 13MnNiMoR High Strength Low Alloy Steel Weld Joint.

Weld and base metals require hot or cold working during the steel equipment manufacturing process. As a result, the components should be subjected to a normalizing heat treatment in order to recover their mechanical properties. In this study, the submerged-arc welding of the high strength low alloy (HSLA) thick steel plate(13MnNiMoR) is adapted for the vessel head under the normalizing and tempering heat treatment. The findings showed that the material toughness decreases after heating to simulate a vessel head forming process. The stamping process is carried out under the conditions of 980 °C for one hour, normalizing at 920 °C for 1 h and tempering between 600-660 °C for 2 h, respectively. The martensite-austenite (M-A) constituent is distributed in granular bainite and the boundary of austenite in island constituent. Therefore, it was deemed to be the most detrimental to Charpy-V impact toughness. Between normalizing and tempering, intercritical normalizing at 740 °C was added. As a result of the ferrite with fine particles M-A constituent, the toughness increases significantly.

CAR T­cell therapy for gastric cancer: Potential and perspective (Review).

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed digestive malignancies and is the third leading cause of cancer­associated death worldwide. Delayed diagnosis and poor prognosis indicate the urgent need for new therapeutic strategies. The success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T­cell therapy for chemotherapy­refractory hematological malignancies has inspired the development of a similar strategy for GC treatment. Although using CAR T­cells against GC is not without difficulty, results from preclinical studies remain encouraging. The current review summarizes relevant preclinical studies and ongoing clinical trials for the use of CAR T­cells for GC treatment and investigates possible toxicities, as well as current clinical experiences and emerging approaches. With a deeper understanding of the tumor microenvironment, novel target epitopes and scientific­technical progress, the potential of CAR T­cell therapy for GC is anticipated in the near future.

UBE2T knockdown inhibits gastric cancer progression.

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2 enzymes) such as UBE2T target proteins for degradation via the proteasome. Here, we examined the effects of UBE2T on the progression of gastric cancer. UBE2T was highly expressed in gastric tumors and gastric cancer cells. siRNA-mediated suppression of UBE2T inhibited gastric cancer cell proliferation and colony formation by promoting cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and increasing apoptosis. Suppression of UBE2T also attenuated the invasive and metastatic abilities of gastric cancer cells by altering expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related factors. A xenograft model in which nude mice were injected with UBE2T knockdown human gastric cancer cells confirmed that suppression of UBE2T also decreased tumor formation and growth in vivo. Expression levels of CCND1, Phospho-GSK3B, WNT family members, and MYC were all affected by UBE2T knockdown. These results suggest that UBE2T plays a critical role in gastric cancer, and that it may serve as a useful prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in gastric cancer patients.