Possible sarcopenia and risk of new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus in older adults in China: a 7-year longitudinal cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can cause sarcopenia; however, these conditions may have a bidirectional association. This study aimed to explore the longitudinal association between possible sarcopenia and new-onset T2DM. METHODS: We conducted a population-based cohort study using nationally representative data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). This study included participants aged ≥ 60 years who were free of diabetes during the baseline survey of CHARLS (2011 to 2012) and were followed up until 2018. Possible sarcopenia status was defined according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the effect of possible sarcopenia on new-onset T2DM. RESULTS: In total, 3,707 individuals were enrolled in this study, with a median age of 66 years; the prevalence of possible sarcopenia was 45.1%. During the 7-year follow-up, 575 cases (15.5%) of incident diabetes were identified. Participants with possible sarcopenia were more likely to have new-onset T2DM than those without possible sarcopenia (hazard ratio: 1.27, 95% confidence interval: 1.07-1.50; p = 0.006). In subgroup analysis, we found a significant association between possible sarcopenia and T2DM in individuals aged < 75 years or with a BMI < 24 kg/m². However, this association was not significant in individuals aged ≥ 75 years or with a BMI ≥ 24 kg/m². CONCLUSIONS: Possible sarcopenia is associated with an increased risk of new-onset T2DM in older adults, especially in individuals who are not overweight and aged 75 years or younger.

Associations of LRP5 Gene With Bone Mineral Density, Bone Turnover Markers, and Fractures in the Elderly With Osteoporosis.

Objective: The study aimed to explore the associations of rs4988300 and rs634008 in the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) gene with bone mineral density (BMD), bone turnover markers (BTM), and fractures in elderly patients with osteoporosis (OP). Methods: Our study included 328 unrelated OP patients with or without fractures. Genomic DNA was extracted for genotyping. BTM levels were assessed by electrochemiluminescence (ECL). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was employed to measure BMD in the lumbar spine (LS) and proximal femur. Basic features between the OP and fracture groups were analyzed using the t-test. The Chi-square test was performed to analyze the differences in allele and genotype frequencies. The associations of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with BMD and BTM in the subgroups were investigated by the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted for confounding factors. Results: In both females and males, individuals with fractures exhibited higher BTM levels and lower BMD values than those with OP (P < 0.05). The allele and genotype frequencies of rs4988300 in the subgroups were significantly different (P < 0.05). In both females and males suffering from OP, participants with rs4988300 GG or rs634008 TT presented lower procollagen I N-terminal propeptide (PINP) levels (P < 0.05). Women with OP carrying rs4988300 GG exhibited lower BMD values at FN and TH (P < 0.05). In both females and males with fractures, individuals carrying rs4988300 GG genotype or rs634008 TT genotype exhibited lower PINP levels and BMD values at FN and TH than those with other genotypes (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Rs4988300 and rs634008 polymorphisms in the LRP5 gene are associated with bone phenotypes in the elderly with OP or fractures.

Mucilaginibacter xinganensis sp. nov., a phenanthrene-degrading bacterium isolated from wetland soil.

An aerobic, Gram-stain negative, rod-shaped and non-motile strain, BJC16-A31T, was isolated from the wetland soil sample taken from Daxing'anling, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China. Strain BJC16-A31T was found to be oxidase- and catalase-positive, and produced light orange colonies on modified R2A agar. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain BJC16-A31T is closely related to Mucilaginibacter gotjawali SA3-7T with 96.54% sequence similarity and it formed a separate lineage in the genus Mucilaginibacter. Strain BJC16-A31T contained menaquinone-7 (MK-7) as the predominant isoprenoid quinine. Anteiso-C15:0, C16:0 and anteiso-C15:0 were the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, six unidentified polar lipid, two unidentified aminophospholipids and one unidentified aminolipid. The genome is composed of a circular 5,301,339 bp chromosome with average G + C percentage of 42.25%. The Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) between strain BJC16-A31T and M. gotjawali SA3-7T was 77.51%. Combined phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genomic characteristics support the conclusion that strain BJC16-A31T represents a novel species of the genus Mucilaginibacter, for which the name Mucilaginibacter xinganensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BJC16-A31T (= CGMCC 1.12728T = NBRC 110384T).

Association of Adrenergic Receptor α2A (α2A-AR) Gene rs1800544 Polymorphism with Bone Mineral Density and Bone Turnover Markers in an Elderly Chinese Population.

BACKGROUND Adrenergic receptor α2A (α2A-AR) is up-regulated in osteoporotic bone osteoblasts. Previous research demonstrated an association between polymorphism of a2A-AR gene and bone mineral density (BMD) as well as bone turnover markers (BTMs) in the Slovenian population. The present study aimed to investigate the association of rs1800544 polymorphism of α2A-AR gene with BMD and BTMs in the Chinese elderly population with osteoporosis (OP) or with osteoporotic fractures. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 346 unrelated elderly individuals were recruited in the study. Rs1800544 polymorphism was determined by Snapshot technology. BTMs were determined by electrochemiluminescence. BMDs at lumbar spine (LS) and proximal femur were measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and distribution of genotype frequencies were verified using the chi-squared test. Analysis of co-variance (ANCOVA) adjusted for confounding factors was performed to explore the relationship of rs1800544 polymorphism with BMD and BTMs in all participants and in subgroups. RESULTS The genotype distributions in all subjects and in subgroups conformed to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.1). Distribution of genotype frequencies of subgroups showed no significant differences (P>0.05). Patients with GG genotype in the fracture group had significantly higher serum BTMs level compared with those carrying other genotypes (P<0.05). No significant association between rs1800544 and BTMs was detected in the elderly population with OP. Comparison of BMD at each site in all participants did not show any significant difference in subgroups with CC, CG, and GG genotypes (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Rs1800544 polymorphism is associated with BTMs level in Chinese elderly individuals with osteoporotic fractures, indicating the involvement of genetic variation of a2A-AR gene in bone metabolism.

Catalytic Asymmetric Mukaiyama-Mannich Reaction of Cyclic C-Acylimines with Difluoroenoxysilanes: Access to Difluoroalkylated Indolin-3-ones.

A catalytic enantioselective Mukaiyama-Mannich reaction of cyclic C-acylimines with difluoroenoxysilanes is reported. (S)-TRIP enables the enantioselective synthesis of a series of novel difluoroalkylated indolin-3-ones bearing a quaternary stereocenter in up to 97% yield and 98% ee. The synthetic utility of this protocol is highlighted by efficient conversion of the products to the corresponding indolin-3-one derivatives without any erosion of the enantiopurity.

[Observation on therapeutic effect of acupoint catgut-embedding combined western medicine for epilepsy of generalized seizures type].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy differences between acupoint catgut-embedding combined western medicine (ACCWM) and simple western medicine (WM) for treatment of epilepsy of generalized seizures type. METHODS: Fifty-two patients with epilepsy of generalized seizures type were randomly divided into an ACCWM group (n=30) and a WM group (n=22). Dazhui (GV 14), Yaoshu (GV 2), Jiuwei (CV 15), Qihai (CV 6) were selected in the ACCWM group as the main acupoints combined with routine antiepileptic drugs, Valpromide was taken orally, 2.0 g/d for adult, 50 mg/kg x d for child. The WM group was treated with routine antiepileptic drugs. The epilepsy score and the attack frequency one year before the treatment and one year during treatment were observed and the therapeutic effects in the two groups were compared. RESULTS: The epilepsy score and the attack frequency were both decreased in the two groups (P<0.01, P<0.05), and the epilepsy score in the ACCWM group decreased significantly (6.57 +/- 3.29 vs 10.73 +/- 2.54, P<0.05). The total effective rate of 90.0% (27/30) in the ACCWM group was superior to that of 68.2% (15/22) in the WM group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The therapeutic effect of ACCWM is superior to that of simple western medicine in treating epilepsy of generalized seizures type. It can improve significantly the attack symptoms so as to enhance life quality of the patients with epilepsy.

Brønsted acid-catalyzed efficient Strecker reaction of ketones, amines and trimethylsilyl cyanide.

A general method for the one-pot, three-component Strecker reaction of ketones was developed using Brønsted acids as organocatalysts. A series of alpha-aminonitriles were obtained in good to excellent yields (79-99%). A preliminary extension to a catalytic enantioselective three-component Strecker reaction of ketones (up to 40% ee) is also described.

A perfect double role of CF3 groups in activating substrates and stabilizing adducts: the chiral Brønsted acid-catalyzed direct arylation of trifluoromethyl ketones.

A direct and efficient Brønsted acid-promoted arylation of tri- and difluoromethyl ketones, as well perfluoroalkyl ketones, has been developed; good to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee) were achieved.

Stereoselective construction of fluorinated indanone derivatives via a triple cascade Lewis acid-catalyzed reaction.

A one-pot three-component cascade reaction proceeds by way of a Lewis acid-catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation/Nazarov cyclization/electrophilic fluorination sequence to afford fluorinated 1-indanone derivatives in moderate to good yields with high diastereoselectivities.