SARM suppresses TRIF, TRAF3, and IRF3/7 mediated antiviral signaling in large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea.

As a TIR domain-containing molecular, sterile α-and armadillo motif-containing protein (SARM) acts as an adaptor in Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, and also plays important roles in mediating apoptosis and neuronal injury. In the present study, the ortholog of SARM, named as Lc-SARM, was cloned and identified in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). The full-length ORF of Lc-SARM consists of 2,154 bp, encoding a protein of 717 amino acids (aa), which is comprised of an N-terminal ARM domain, two SAM domains, and a C-terminal TIR domain. Confocal microscopy revealed that Lc-SARM was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm, and the mRNA expression level of Lc-SARM was broadly distributed in all the detected organs/tissues, with the highest expression level found in the brain. The expression patterns of Lc-SARM could be induced in response to poly I:C, LPS, PGN stimulations, and Pseudomonas plecoglossicida infection. Notably, although the overexpression of Lc-SARM could significantly induce NF-κB, IRF3, IRF7, and type I IFN promoter activation, whereas the co-expression of Lc-SARM with Lc-TRIF, Lc-TRAF3, Lc-IRF3, or Lc-IRF7 significantly down-regulated the induction of NF-κB, IRF3, IRF7, or type I IFN promoter activation, and suppressed the antiviral effects as well as the downstream antiviral-related genes expression compared to the only overexpression of Lc-TRIF, Lc-TRAF3, Lc-IRF3, or Lc-IRF7. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays also demonstrated that Lc-SARM interacts separately with Lc-TRIF, Lc-TRAF3, Lc-IRF3, and Lc-IRF7. It is thus collectively suggested that Lc-SARM functions as a negative regulator in Lc-TRIF, Lc-TRAF3, and Lc-IRF3/7 involved antiviral signaling.

[Interactive Effects of the Influencing Factors on the Changes of O3 Concentrations Based on GAMs Model in Chengdu].

To explore the influence characteristics of the interaction effects between meteorological factors on ozone(O3) concentration in Chengdu, daily air pollutants and meteorological data from 2014 to 2019 were collected. Generalized additive models(GAMs) were adopted to explore the effects of different factors on O3 concentration. The results showed that the relationship between O3 and maximum temperature, sunshine hours, relative humidity, wind speed, precipitation, maximum mixed depth(MMD), and ventilation coefficient(VC) was non-linear. Specifically, the maximum temperature, sunshine hours, MMD, and relative humidity had a significant influence on O3 concentration throughout the year. It is worth noting that the influence of relative humidity and precipitation on O3 concentration during summer was more significant than that for the whole year. In the multi-meteorological factors GAMs of O3 concentration, the meteorological factors mentioned above, except average wind, had significant impacts on O3 concentration change. For the whole year, the judgment coefficient(R2) was 0.849 and the variance explanation rate was 85.1%. The maximum temperature was the most important influencing factor on O3 concentration throughout the year. During summer, corresponding R2 was 0.811 and the explanation rate of variance was 81.3%; however, maximum temperature and MMD were the dominant meteorological factors. In the interaction GAMs, for the whole year, the interaction between maximum temperature and sunshine hours, relative humidity, and precipitation, and the interaction between sunshine hours and MMD had a significant impact on O3 concentrations. The interaction between maximum temperature and sunshine hours played a leading role in changes of O3 concentration. The high temperature+strong radiation+MMD(about 2000 m) +no precipitation were conducive to the formation of O3 concentration, but in summer, only the maximum temperature, sunshine hours, and VC had the most significant effect on the O3 concentration, and strong high temperatures+strong radiation+the little horizontal wind in summer were conducive to the formation of O3 concentration near the surface. In summary, GAMs model can not only be used to identify the dominant influencing factors of O3 pollution, but also quantitatively analyze the influence of single effects and interaction of influencing factors on O3 concentration, which has great significance for the prevention and control of O3 pollution.

[Protective effect of exogenous nucleotides on the developmental toxicity of alcohol].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the preventive effect of exogenous nucleotide (EN) on the developmental toxicity of alcohol. METHODS: C57BL/6J pregnant mice were divided into 6 groups randomly: the control group, the alcohol group, the low (0.01%EN), middle (0.04%EN), high (0.16%EN) and higher (0.64% EN) intervention groups. From the 6th gestational days (GD) to the 15th GD, pregnant animals except those in the control group were administrated with 5 g (per kg body weight) alcohol intragastrically. Normal mouse forage was provided to the animals in the control group and alcohol group, while forage containing different quantities of EN was provided to the animals in the intervention groups. On GD 18, all the dams were killed, their blood samples were collected for further analysis, and fetal developmental indexes were observed. RESULTS: Compared with the animals in the alcohol group, offspring's body weight and placenta weight of EN intervention groups improved a lot; superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity increased significantly (P<0.05), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased significantly (P<0.01); the live birth rate of animals in the interventions groups has increased significantly and the absorbed embryo rate of them has decreased significantly (P<0.01); the forepaw phalanges, hindpaw phalanges and caudal vertebrae ossification point increased significantly (P<0.01); the anomalies of both occipital and sternum have decreased significantly in 0.04%EN group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: EN has a significant protective effect on the developmental toxicity of alcohol.