Simulating the Impact of Future Climate Change and Ecological Restoration on Trade-Offs and Synergies of Ecosystem Services in Two Ecological Shelters and Three Belts in China.

Development of suitable ecological protection and restoration policies for sustainable management needs to assess the potential impacts of future land use and climate change on ecosystem services. The two ecological shelters and three belts (TSTB) are significant for improving ecosystem services and ensuring China's and global ecological security. In this study, we simulated land use in 2050 and estimated the spatial distribution pattern of net primary productivity (NPP), water yield, and soil conservation from 2010 to 2050 under future climate change. The results showed that water yield, NPP, and soil conservation exhibited a spatial pattern of decreasing from southeast to northwest, while in terms of the temporal pattern, water yield and NPP increased, but soil conservation decreased. Water yield was mainly influenced by precipitation, NPP was affected by temperature and implementation of ecological restoration, and soil conservation was controlled by precipitation and slope. There was a strong spatial heterogeneity between trade-offs and synergies. In terms of the temporal, with the combination of climate change and ecological restoration, there was a synergistic relationship between water yield and NPP. However, the relationships between water yield and soil conservation, and between NPP and soil conservation were characterized by trade-offs. In the process of ecological construction, it is necessary to consider the differences between overall and local trade-offs and synergies, as well as formulate sustainable ecological management policies according to local conditions. Understanding the response of ecosystem services to future climate change and land use policies can help address the challenges posed by climate change and achieve sustainable management of natural resources.

[Identification of Efficient Strain Applied to Mining Rehabilitation and Its Rock Corrosion Mechanism:Based on Boosted Regression Tree Analysis].

The soil and water loss problem in rock mining areas is an extremely serious problem,and microbes play significant roles in ecological restoration of those areas.In this study,directive screening was used to explore the efficiency of microbe-mediated habitat restoration and the underlying mechanisms.A bacterial strain NLX-4,which was then identified as Pseudomonas protegens according to its 16S rRNA gene sequence,was screened out as an efficient silicate dissolution bacterium with the ability to secrete siderophore and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA).Moreover,pH value,element (K,Al,Si) release,organic acid content,amino acid concentration,polysaccharide content,and rock particle diameter variation in culture medium were analyzed to explore the ability of P.protegens NLX-4 to promote dolomite dissolution under controlled experimental conditions.These results showed that P.protegens NLX-4 could play a positive role in dolomite dissolution by producing tartaric acid (>777 mg·L-1) and polysaccharides (>8.21g·L-1).Therefore,P.protegens NLX-4 is an efficient microbial resource that can be used in rehabilitation of abandoned mines and has great application potential.

[Effect of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate on PLA2 during liver tissue injury following limb ischemia/reperfusion in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate (MI) on the changes of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) induced during liver tissue injury following limb ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats. METHOD: Twenty-four healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing (230+/-30) g were randomly divided into three groups (n = 8 each) as follows: control (Group C: anesthetization without any ischemia); I/R injury (Group I/R: 4 h ischemia induced by rubber band ligation of the left hind limb around the roots of the hind limb, followed by 6 h of reperfusion, with 1 mL normal saline given via tail vein prior to reperfusion); MI-treated group (Group MI: underwent ischemia and reperfusion, with 1 mL MI (30 mg/kg) infused prior to reperfusion). Levels of TNFa and PLA2 in plasma and liver tissue were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Levels of plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and malondialdehyde (MDA), and activities of MPO and MDA in liver tissue were measured by colorimetry. Ultrastructural changes of liver tissue were observed by electron microscopy. RESULTS: The MI group had significantly lower PLA2 and TNFa in liver homogenates and serum than the I/R group (both P less than 0.05). Serum ALT, AST, LDH, and CK were significantly lower in the MI group than in the I/R group (all P less than 0.05), as were the levels of MPO and MDA in liver homogenates and serum (all P less than 0.05). The I/R group showed significantly more liver tissue damage, which appeared to be attenuated in the MI group. CONCLUSION: MI treatment can inhibit the I/R-induced TNFa, PLA2, and MDA in plasma and liver tissue, as well as decrease the I/R-induced MPO activity in rats. Thus, MI may have protective effects against liver tissue injury following limb ischemia/reperfusion.

[Thermodynamics adsorption and its influencing factors of chlorpyrifos and triazophos on the bentonite and humus].

The adsorption of chlorpyrifos and triazophos on bentonite and humus was investigated by using the equilibrium oscillometry. The adsorption capacity of chlorpyrifos and triazophos on humus was great higher than bentonite at the same concentration. Equilibrium data of Langmuir, Freundlich isotherms showed significant relationship to the adsorption of chlorpyrifos and triazophos on humus (chlorpyrifos: R2 0.996 4, 0.996 3; triazophos: R2 0.998 9, 0.992 4). Langmuir isotherm was the best for chlorpyrifos and triazophos on bentonite (chlorpyrifos: R2 = 0.995 7, triazophos: R2 = 0.998 9). The pH value, adsorption equilibrium time and temperature were the main factors affecting adsorption of chlorpyrifos and triazophos on bentonite and humus. The adsorption equilibrium time on mixed adsorbent was 12h for chlorpyrifos and 6h for triazophos respectively. The mass ratio of humus and bentonite was 12% and 14% respectively, the adsorption of chlorpyrifos and triazophos was the stronglest and tended to saturation. At different temperatures by calculating the thermodynamic parameters deltaG, deltaH and deltaS, confirmed that the adsorption reaction was a spontaneous exothermic process theoretically. The adsorption was the best when the pH value was 6.0 and the temperature was 15 degrees C.

[Soil infiltration characteristics under main vegetation types in Anji County of Zhejiang Province].

The study on the soil infiltration under different main vegetation types in Anji County of Zhejiang Province showed that the characteristics of soil infiltration differed significantly with land use type, and the test eight vegetation types could be classified into four groups, based on soil infiltration capability. The first group, deciduous broadleaved forest, had the strongest soil infiltration capability, and the second group with a stronger soil infiltration capability was composed of grass, pine forest, shrub community and tea bush. Bamboo and evergreen broadleaved forest were classified into the third group with a relatively strong soil infiltration capability, while bare land belonged to the fourth group because of the bad soil structure and poorest soil infiltration capability. The comprehensive parameters of soil infiltration (alpha) and root (beta) were obtained by principal component analysis, and the regression model of alpha and beta could be described as alpha = 0. 1708ebeta -0. 3122. Soil infiltration capability was greatly affected by soil physical and chemical characteristics and root system. Fine roots (< or = 1 mm in diameter) played effective roles on the improvement of soil physical and chemical properties, and the increase of soil infiltration capability was closely related to the amount of the fine roots.