RESUMO
In the present study, for the first time, we reported the complete mitochondrial genome of Lethrinops lethrinus, which is 16,582 bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA, 22 transfer RNA genes and a control zone. Moreover, its GC content is 45.99% (27.42% A, 26.59% T, 30.10% C, and 15.88% G), similar to that of Alticorpus geoffreyi (GC content of 45.82%). We further made the phylogenetic tree on the complete mitochondrial genomes of the above two species and other 12 closely related species to show their phylogenic relationship. The above results would facilitate our understanding of the evolution of Cichlidae mitochondrial genome.
RESUMO
The Placidochromis longimanus (P. longimanus), one species of Cichlidae, resides in the Lake Malawi in East Africa. In present study, for the first time, we reported the complete mitochondrial genome of P. longimanus, which has 16 581 bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA, 22 transfer RNA genes, and 1 control zone. Moreover, its GC content is 45.99% (27.44% A, 26.58% T, 30.11% C, and 15.87% G), similar to that of Astatotilapia calliptera (the GC content of 45.90%). We further made the phylogenetic tree on the complete mitochondrial genomes of the above two species and other 11 closely related species to show their phylogenic relationship. The above results would facilitate our understanding of the evolution of Cichlidae mitochondrial genome.
Assuntos
Genoma Mitocondrial/genética , Animais , Composição de Bases/genética , Ciclídeos/genética , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico/genética , RNA de Transferência/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Cilostazol(CTL) is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, which has been widely used as anti-platelet agent. It also has preventive effects on various central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including ischemic stroke, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer disease. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the protective effects of CTL is still unclear, and whether CTL can prevent I/R induced cognitive deficit has not been reported. Transient global brain ischemia was induced by 4-vessel occlusion in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. The open field tasks and Morris water maze were used to assess the effect of CTL on anxiety-like behavioral and cognitive impairment after I/R. Western blotting were performed to examine the expression of related proteins, and HE-staining was used to detect the percentage of neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 region. Here we found that CTL significantly improved cognitive deficits and the behavior of rats in Morris water maze and open field tasks (P<0.05). HE staining results showed that CTL could significantly protect CA1 neurons against cerebral I/R (P<0.05). Additionally, Akt1 phosphorylation levels were evidently up-regulated (P<0.05), while the activation of JNK3, which is an important contributor to I/R-induced neuron apoptosis, was reduced by CTL after I/R (P<0.05), and caspase-3 levels were also decreased by CTL treatment. Furthermore, all of CTL's protective effects were reversed by LY294002, which is a PI3K/Akt1 inhibitor. Taken together, our results suggest that CTL could protect hippocampal neurons and ameliorate the impairment of learning/memory abilities and locomotor/ exploratory activities in ischemic stroke via a PI3K-Akt1/JNK3/caspase-3 dependent mechanism.
Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica/tratamento farmacológico , Transtornos Cognitivos/tratamento farmacológico , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/tratamento farmacológico , Tetrazóis/farmacologia , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Apoptose/fisiologia , Isquemia Encefálica/complicações , Isquemia Encefálica/enzimologia , Isquemia Encefálica/patologia , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Cilostazol , Transtornos Cognitivos/enzimologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/etiologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/patologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Hipocampo/enzimologia , Hipocampo/patologia , Masculino , Proteína Quinase 10 Ativada por Mitógeno/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteína Quinase 10 Ativada por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios/enzimologia , Neurônios/patologia , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/complicações , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/enzimologia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/patologiaRESUMO
The Fossorochromis rostratus is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Malawi in East Africa. In this study, we first reported the complete mitochondrial genome of F. rostratus. The whole mitochondrial genome is 16 581 bp in length, which contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and two ribosomal RNA genes. The GC content of this mitochondrial genome is 45.96% (27.47% A, 26.57%T, 30.12% C, and 15.84% G), similar to Astatotilapia calliptera (the GC content of 45.90%). We constructed a phylogenetic tree on the complete mitochondrial genomes of these two species and other 10 closely related species to show their phylogenic relationship. The complete mitochondrial genome of F. rostratus and its phylogenic relationship with other related species would facilitate our understanding of the evolution of Cichlidae mitochondrial genome.
Assuntos
Ciclídeos/genética , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Genoma Mitocondrial/genética , Animais , Composição de Bases/genética , Sequência de Bases/genética , Sequência Conservada/genética , Ordem dos Genes/genética , Genes Mitocondriais/genética , Genoma , Filogenia , Análise de Sequência de DNA/métodosRESUMO
The present study reported the complete mitochondrial genome of Alticorpus geoffreyi for the first time. The mitochondrial genome of A. geoffreyi possesses 16,578 bp in length, involving 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA, 13 protein-coding genes and one control region. In addition, its GC content is 45.82% that is similar to that of Astatotilapia calliptera (the GC content of 45.90%). Based on the complete mitochondrial genomes of 14 closely related species, the phylogenetic tree was further made to show their phylogenic relationship. The results will serve as a useful dataset for studying the evolution of Cichlidae mitochondrial genome.
RESUMO
The present study reported the complete mitochondrial genome of Copadichromis mloto for the first time. The mitochondrial genome of C. mloto possesses 16,583bp in length, involving 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA, 13 protein-coding genes and a control region. In addition, its GC content is 45.94% that is similar to that of C. virginalis (the GC content of 45.74%). Based on the complete mitochondrial genomes of 13 closely related species, the phylogenetic tree was further made to show their phylogenic relationship. The results will serve as a useful dataset for studying the evolution of Cichlidae mitochondrial genome.
