Why Is Maternal Control Harmful? The Relation between Maternal Control, Insecure Attachment and Antisocial Personality Disorder Features in Chinese College Students: A Sequential Mediation Model.

BACKGROUND: Previous work has indicated that a negative parenting style is associated with antisocial personality disorder features in Chinese college students, yet few studies have explored the unique role of negative mothering in children's antisocial personality disorder. METHODS: The current study mainly examined the sequential mediation effect of parental antipathy and neglect (PAN) and mother negative loving (a form of insecure attachment) in the association between mother control and adulthood antisocial personality disorder features (ASPD features) in the framework of attachment theory and cognitive-behavioral theory. A community sample of 1547 Chinese college students filled in the Parental Bonding Instrument, the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire, the Adult Attachment Questionnaire and the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+. RESULTS: A sequential mediation model analysis showed that maternal control significantly predicted PAN, mother negative loving, as well as ASPD features. CONCLUSIONS: Mother control and mother negative loving appear to advance on the development and exacerbation of ASPD features in college students.

An NHC-catalyzed [3+2] cyclization of ß-disubstituted enals with benzoyl cyanides.

The NHC-catalyzed asymmetric [3+2] cyclization of benzoyl cyanides to homoenolate generated in situ from enals was reported. This methodology leads to the efficient construction of a series of chiral cyclic compounds bearing vicinal quaternary stereocenters under mild reaction conditions. Additionally, the representative large-scale and derivatization reactions of the chiral cyclic products reveal the potential synthetic utility of this protocol.

Graphene/Si Schottky solar cells: a review of recent advances and prospects.

Graphene has attracted tremendous interest due to its unique physical and chemical properties. The atomic thickness, high carrier mobility and transparency make graphene an ideal electrode material which can be applied to various optoelectronic devices such as solar cells, light-emitting diodes and photodetectors. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in developing graphene/silicon Schottky junction solar cells and the power conversion efficiency has reached up to 15.8% with an incredible speed. In this review, we introduce the structure and mechanism of graphene/silicon solar cells briefly, and then summarize several key strategies to improve the performance of the cells. Finally, the challenges and prospects of graphene/silicon solar cells are discussed in the development of the devices in detail.

Enantioselective cooperative proton-transfer catalysis using chiral ammonium phosphates.

Chiral phosphorate anions are shown to be highly enantioselective templates for proton-transfer catalysis. A salt generated in situ from a bridgehead amine and a BINOL-derived chiral phosphoric acid serves as an effective proton-shuttle that exhibits remarkable enantioselectivity in a bioinspired, triple co-operative catalysis involving an achiral NHC. Thioesters with a ß-chiral center can be prepared in a single step from substituted cinnamaldehyde derivatives, with up to 99% yield and 99% ee. Heteroaryl groups are well tolerated in these reactions, despite the presence of basic sites.

Large-area perovskite solar cells - a review of recent progress and issues.

In recent years, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted great attention in the photovoltaic research field, because of their high-efficiency (certified 22.1%) and low-cost. In this review paper, we briefly introduce the history of efficiency development for PSCs, and discuss some of the major problems for large-area (≥1 cm2) PSC devices. In addition, we summarize the recent progress in the aspects of fabrication methods for large-area perovskite films, and improving the efficiency and stability of the large-area PSC devices. Finally, we give a short summary and outlook of large-area PSC devices. This article is mainly organized into three parts. The first part focuses on the main fabricating technologies for large-area perovskite films. The second section discusses some methods that are used to improve the efficiency of PSCs. In the last part, different approaches are used to improve the stability of PSCs.

Iridium-Catalyzed Aerobic α,ß-Dehydrogenation of γ,δ-Unsaturated Amides and Acids: Activation of Both α- and ß-C-H bonds through an Allyl-Iridium Intermediate.

Direct aerobic α,ß-dehydrogenation of γ,δ-unsaturated amides and acids using a simple iridium/copper relay catalysis system is described. We developed a new strategy that overcomes the challenging issue associated with the low α-acidity of amides and acids. Instead of α-C-H metalation, this reaction proceeds by ß-C-H activation, which results in enhanced α-acidity. Conjugated dienamides and dienoic acids were synthesized in excellent yield with this reaction, which uses a simple reaction protocol. Mechanistic experiments suggest a catalyst resting state mechanism in which both α-C-H and ß-C-H cleavage is accelerated.

[Influence of Nitrogen Flow Rate on the Structure and Luminescence Properties of Silicon-Rich Silicon Nitride Film Materials in a High Hydrogen Atmosphere].

High hydrogenated silicon-rich silicon nitride(SiNx∶H)thin films are deposited on the glass and monocrystalline silicon(110) substrates by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition using SiH4 and H2 as the main reaction gas with doping the N2. The ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum, Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectrum are applied to characterize the changes of the band gap, the microstructure and related photoluminescence properties of the nitrogen-doped silicon film. It shows that hydrogen atoms can suppress the defects in the film and make film present silicon-rich under the low SiH4/H2 flow ratio, but they are not beneficial to the formation of silicon clusters in a hydrogen atmosphere. With the incorporation of nitrogen atoms, all the content of Si-N bonds, band gap and the degree of disorder in the microstructure of the films increase, films produce light emission related to the defect states. While the content of doped nitrogen atoms are further increased, it appears the band tail emission. Then the relationships between several light emissions and microstructure to be discussed. These results are useful for the optimization of light emission and microstructure for the silicon-rich silicon nitride film material prepared by PECVD.