Correction to "An Electrochemical Sensor for Quantitation of the Oral Health Care Agent Chlorogenic Acid Based on Bimetallic Nanowires with Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrids".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06612.].

An Electrochemical Sensor for Quantitation of the Oral Health Care Agent Chlorogenic Acid Based on Bimetallic Nanowires with Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrids.

Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a phenolic acid from coffee, has been regarded as a powerful ingredient against oxidative stress and inflammation. Meanwhile, its healing feature to interfere with periodontal disease (PD) makes it a promising drug candidate. However, the existing methods for chlorogenic acid detection limit its practical application in purification and further pharmacological study in stomatology due to their lack of accuracy and productivity. Therefore, it is crucial to find a forceful approach to precisely evaluate CGA for an in-depth anti-PD study. In this work, we reported a facile and controllable synthesis of Pt@Pd nanowires (NWs) in a non-compacted core-shell structure with high electrocatalytic activity. In addition, polyethylenimine (PEI)-capped reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanoflakes provided large binding sites for a network structure composed of interweaved Pt@Pd nanowires and protected hemin from self-destruction, which empowered Pt@Pd NWs-Hemin-PEI-rGO nanohybrids to own a large electroactive surface area and great electrochemical property for CGA detection. The enzyme-free electrochemical sensor based on Pt@Pd NWs-Hemin-PEI-rGO displayed a favorable capacity for trace CGA detection with a detection limit of 7.8 nM and a wide linear range of 0.5 µM to 4 mM. The exceptional sensitivity and selectivity of the sensor made it accomplish the measurements of chlorogenic acid in soft drinks and coffee with high consistency of HPLC results. The satisfactory performance of the obtained sensor enables it to be used for quality control and study of drug metabolism in PD treatments.

Metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the jaws: report of cases.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most frequent urological malignancies in adults. RCC often metastasizes to other organs, but rarely to the oromaxillofacial region. Metastatic tumors to the jaws are also unusual. In this report, we present two cases of RCC metastasis to the jaws. Metastatic RCC is resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, so surgery is the primary therapeutic choice. This report describes the diagnostic procedures utilized and the therapeutic process in the two cases. The differential diagnosis and treatment methods are discussed.

MC3 Mucoepidermoid carcinoma cell line enriched cancer stem-like cells following chemotherapy.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is common in human salivary glands. Surgery is the preferred treatment method for MEC and chemotherapy is often administered following surgery as an adjuvant cancer treatment; however, chemotherapy does not completely prevent tumor recurrence. Emerging evidence has indicated the existence of cancer stem-like (CSL)-cells in tumors. CSL-cells are important in the development, invasion and drug resistance of carcinomas. The present study aimed to investigate whether chemotherapy enriched the CSL-cells in the MEC cell line of MC3 using 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu). The MC3 cells were treated with 5-Fu, which enhanced the spherogenesis and vitality of the cells and upregulated the pluripotency gene, octamer-binding transcription factor 4. Side population analysis demonstrated that the proportion of CSL-cells also increased. These findings showed that compared with other types of cancer cells, chemotherapy was unable to effectively kill the CSL-cells resulting in an enriched CSL-cell subpopulation with a higher resistance to chemotherapy, which may have been key the recurrence of MEC.

Correlation between superoxide dismutase 1 and 2 polymorphisms and susceptibility to oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Oxidative stress is significant in numerous types of cancer. Tobacco smoke, an important risk factor for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), is able to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cause oxidative DNA damage. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an endogenous antioxidant enzyme that is critical in limiting the oxidative burden effectively. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the mitochondrial SOD2 and Cu/Zn enzyme SOD1 gene polymorphisms on the susceptibility to and clinicopathological characteristics of OSCC, as well as the synergistic effect between these gene polymorphisms and the well-known risk factor of tobacco consumption. Patients with clinically diagnosed OSCC (n=362) and healthy normal individuals (n=358) were investigated for four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs4880, rs5746136, rs1804450 and rs11556620) by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and DNA sequencing methods. Following adjustment for other confounders, no significant difference was observed in the rs5746136 SOD2 SNPs between the patients and controls. However, the incidence of the CT genotype of SOD2 SNP rs4880 was higher in the patients than in normal subjects in the additive model [CT vs. TT; P=0.045; adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=1.484; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.009-2.182] and in the dominant model (CT/CC vs. TT; P=0.022; AOR=1.559; 95% CI, 1.067-2.278). For those who smoked, the incidence of the CT genotype of rs4880 increased markedly in the patients compared with the controls in the additive model (CT vs. TT; P=0.003; AOR=2.325; 95% CI, 1.330-4.064) and in the dominant model (CT/CC vs. TT; P=0.001; AOR=2.448; 95% CI, 1.417-4.230). For SOD1, polymorphisms at rs1804450 and rs11556620 were not present in any of the OSCC or control subjects. The results suggest that SOD2 rs4880 may be involved in the tumorigenesis of OSCC and may be useful as a genetic susceptibility marker for OSCC.

Cancer stem cell-like cells exist in mucoepidermoid carcinoma cell line MC3.

Strong evidence for the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in tumors exists. CSCs play an important role in the development, invasion, and drug resistance of carcinoma. Poorly differentiated mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is a lethal malignancy of human salivary gland tumors. However, whether there are CSCs in MEC and their phenotypes remains unclear. We isolated side population (SP) and sphere-forming cells from the MEC cell line MC3 and identified their characteristics. The results showed that sphere-forming assays could enrich stem cell-like cells, with this group of cells exhibiting high cloning efficiency, possessing strong tumorigenic ability, and highly expressing Oct4 based on PCR and immunocytochemistry assays. They also highly expressed CD44 and lowly expressed CD24 according to PCR, immunocytochemistry assays, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. Higher cloning efficiency was observed in the SP cells, but PCR revealed that the SP and non-SP cells did not statistically differ in their expression of ABCG2, Oct4, CD44, and CD24. In spite of these, the findings were not conclusive on whether SP cells are stem cell-like cells. In conclusion, CSC-like cells do exist in the MC3 cell line, and sphere-forming assays could enrich them, sphere-forming and SP cells are not the same kind of cell subpopulations, and the characteristics of SP cells need to be further investigated.