RESUMO
Background: Motor control declines with age and requires effective connectivity between the sensorimotor cortex and the primary motor cortex (M1). Despite research indicating that physical exercise can improve motor control in older individuals the effect of physical exercise on neural connectivity in older adults remains to be elucidated. Methods: Older adults with experience in table tennis and fit aerobics and individuals without such experience for comparison were recruited for the study. Differences in motor control were assessed using the stop-signal task. The impact of exercise experience on DLPFC-M1 and pre-SMA-M1 neural connectivity was assessed with transcranial magnetic stimulation. Varied time intervals (short and long term) and stimulus intensities (subthreshold and suprathreshold) were used to explore neural connectivity across pathways. Results: The present study showed that behavioral iexpression of the table tennis group was significantly better than the other two groups;The facilitatory regulation of preSMA-M1 in all groups is negatively correlated with SSRT. Regulatory efficiency was highest in the table tennis group. Only the neural network regulatory ability of the Table Tennis group showed a negative correlation with SSRT; Inhibitory regulation of DLPFC-M1 was positively correlated with SSRT; this effect was most robust in the table tennis group. Conclusion: The preliminary findings of this study suggest that table tennis exercise may enhance the motor system regulated by neural networks and stabilize inhibitory regulation of DLPFC-M1, thereby affecting motor control in older adults.
RESUMO
The inflow and infiltration problems cause large fluctuation in wastewater quantity and quality in hybrid sewage system. This seriously challenges the operation and management of sewage system. A multi-point on-line simultaneous monitoring system was established in a typical hybrid sewage system. The key characteristic parameters and their variation features under different circumstances were studied. The result indicated that the daily variation rule was obvious and appeared synchronous among multiple points at normal water level under dry weather flow, but there was no synchronization in conductivity variation among multiple points at high water level under dry weather flow. The statistical distribution range of water level and conductivity was significantly impacted by the seasonal rainfall change under dry weather. The statistical distribution ranges of water level variation rate and conductivity variation rate in specific time were significantly impacted by the rainfall. The response features of water level and conductivity to rainfall intensity and pattern were significantly different under different circumstances. The response sensitivity of conductivity was higher than water level at normal water level and lower at high water level. The database which could support the optimization of operation and management in the hybrid sewage system was proposed based on the distribution law of wastewater quality and quantity fluctuation under dry and wet weather, as well as the variation rate features of wastewater quality and quantity during rainfall obtained using the multi-point on-line simultaneous monitoring system.
