Emerging role of LINC00461 in cancer.

LINC00461 is located in the intergenic region between the protein-coding genes MEF2C and TMEM161B. LINC00461 upregulation was associated with the risk of 13 tumors and was strongly associated with clinicopathologic features and poor prognosis in 11 tumors. LINC00461 is involved in resistance to four anticancer drugs, including sunitinib for renal cell carcinoma, cisplatin for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and rectal cancer, temozolomide for glioma, and docetaxel for breast cancer. LINC00461 can sponge 18 miRNAs to form a complex ceRNA network that regulates the expression of a large number of downstream genes. LINC00461 is involved in the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thereby promoting tumorigenesis. Notably, knockdown of LINC00461 in exosomes antagonizes tumor cell proliferation in multiple myeloma. This article summarizes the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic value of LINC00461 in various tumors, and systematically describes the ceRNA network and signaling pathways associated with LINC00461, providing potential directions for future LINC00461 research.

miR-874: An Important Regulator in Human Diseases.

miR-874 is located at 5q31.2, which is frequently deleted in cancer. miR-874 is downregulated in 22 types of cancers and aberrantly expressed in 18 types of non-cancer diseases. The dysfunction of miR-874 is not only closely related to the diagnosis and prognosis of tumor patients but also plays an important role in the efficacy of tumor chemotherapy drugs. miR-874 participates in the ceRNA network of long non-coding RNAs or circular RNAs, which is closely related to the occurrence and development of cancer and other non-cancer diseases. In addition, miR-874 is also involved in the regulation of multiple signaling pathways, including the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway, Hippo signaling pathway, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, JAK/STAT signaling pathway, and Hedgehog signaling pathway. This review summarizes the molecular functions of miR-874 in the biological processes of tumor cell survival, apoptosis, differentiation, and tumorigenesis, and reveal the value of miR-874 as a cancer biomarker in tumor diagnosis and prognosis. Future work is necessary to explore the potential clinical application of miR-874 in chemotherapy resistance.

LINC00520: A Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker in Cancer.

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is important in the study of cancer mechanisms. LINC00520 is located on human chromosome 14q22.3 and is a highly conserved long non-coding RNA. LINC00520 is widely expressed in various tissues. The expression of LINC00520 is regulated by transcription factors such as Sp1, TFAP4, and STAT3. The high expression of LINC00520 is significantly related to the risk of 11 cancers. LINC00520 can competitively bind 10 miRNAs to promote tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. In addition, LINC00520 is involved in the regulation of P13K/AKT and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. The expression of LINC00520 is significantly related to the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of tumor patients and is also related to the sensitivity of HNSCC to radiotherapy. Here, this article summarizes the abnormal expression pattern of LINC00520 in cancer and its potential molecular regulation mechanism and points out that LINC00520 can be used as a potential biomarker for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.

LINC00662: A new oncogenic lncRNA with great potential.

LINC00662 is located on chromosome 19q11 and is 2085 bp long. It is a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) newly discovered. LINC00662 expression is upregulated in at least 14 tumors. In addition, the upregulation of LINC00662 expression is also closely related to the poor prognosis of cancer patients and resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. LINC00662 can act as a ceRNA of at least 8 miRNAs. By regulating these miRNAs and their downstream genes, LINC00662 participates in the regulation of four signaling pathways, including the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway, the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway, the Hippo signaling pathway, and the SMD signaling pathway. In addition, the abnormal upregulation of LINC00662 can promote the stem-like features of lung cancer cells. LINC00662 can reduce the promoter methylation level of s-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-promoting genes by regulating the MAT1A/SAM and AHCY/SAH axes, thereby promoting the activation of oncogenes. This article summarizes the molecular regulation mechanism of LINC00662 in cancer and the diagnostic and prognostic value of LINC00662 in cancer.

The tumorigenic function of LINC00858 in cancer.

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays an important regulatory role in the occurrence and development of human cancer. LINC00858 is a newly discovered lncRNA with a length of 2685 nucleotides. Existing studies have shown that LINC00858 has abnormally high expression levels in malignant tumors such as colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, osteosarcoma, retinoblastoma, Wilms tumor, bladder cancer, and cervical cancer. By regulating a variety of microRNAs, LINC00858 can affect tumor cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and apoptosis. Related research also found that LINC00858 is related to nuclear transcription factor/protein kinase and gene methylation. The aberrant expression of LINC00858 is related to the prognosis and clinicopathological characteristics of a variety of tumors. Overexpressed LINC00858 is closely related to the clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis of cancer, including colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, and Wilms tumor. Also, it is summarized that LINC00858 can regulate MAPK and TGF-ß signaling pathways. This review shows that LINC00858 as an important oncogene can promote tumorigenesis and cancer development.

Geometry Auxiliary Salient Object Detection for Light Fields via Graph Neural Networks.

Light field imaging, originated from the availability of light field capture technology, offers a wide range of applications in the field of computational vision. The capability of predicting salient objects of light fields remains technologically challenging due to its complicated geometry structure. In this paper, we propose a light field salient object detection approach that formulates the geometric coherence among multiple views of light fields as graphs, where the angular/central views represent the nodes and their relations compose the edges. The spatial and disparity correlations between multiple views are effectively explored through multi-scale graph neural networks, enabling the more comprehensive understanding of light field content and more representative and discriminative saliency features generation. Moreover, a multi-scale saliency feature consistency learning module is embedded to enhance the saliency features. Finally, an accurate salient object map is produced for the light field based upon the extracted features. In addition, we establish a new light field salient object detection dataset (CITYU-Lytro) that contains 817 light fields with diverse contents and their corresponding annotations, aiming to further promote the research on light field salient object detection. Quantitative and qualitative experiments demonstrate that the proposed method performs favorably compared with the state-of-the-art methods on the benchmark datasets.

Aberrant Expression of miR-1301 in Human Cancer.

miR-1301 is a newly discovered miRNA, which is abnormally expressed in 14 types of tumors. miR-1301 inhibits 23 target genes, forms a ceRNA network with 2 circRNAs and 8 lncRNAs, and participates in 6 signaling pathways, thereby affecting tumor cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, angiogenesis, etc. Abnormal expression of miR-1301 is often associated with poor prognosis of cancer patients. In addition, miR-1301 is related to the anti-tumor effect of epirubicin on osteosarcoma and imatinib on chronic myeloid leukemia(CML) and can enhance the cisplatin sensitivity of ovarian cancer. This work systematically summarizes the abnormal expression and prognostic value of miR-1301 in a variety of cancers, depicts the miR-1301-related signaling pathways and ceRNA network, and provides potential clues for future miR-1301 research.

Learning to Explore Saliency for Stereoscopic Videos via Component-Based Interaction.

In this paper, we devise a saliency prediction model for stereoscopic videos that learns to explore saliency inspired by the component-based interactions including spatial, temporal, as well as depth cues. The model first takes advantage of specific structure of 3D residual network (3D-ResNet) to model the saliency driven by spatio-temporal coherence from consecutive frames. Subsequently, the saliency inferred by implicit-depth is automatically derived based on the displacement correlation between left and right views by leveraging a deep convolutional network (ConvNet). Finally, a component-wise refinement network is devised to produce final saliency maps over time by aggregating saliency distributions obtained from multiple components. In order to further facilitate research towards stereoscopic video saliency, we create a new dataset including 175 stereoscopic video sequences with diverse content, as well as their dense eye fixation annotations. Extensive experiments support that our proposed model can achieve superior performance compared to the state-of-the-art methods on all publicly available eye fixation datasets.