One-Stage Repair of Posterior Oblique Ligament Avulsion Fracture Combined with Medial Collateral Ligament Injury.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effect of the one-stage repair of a posterior oblique ligament avulsion fracture combined with a medial collateral ligament injury. METHODS: This study was a retrospective trial. From February 2007 to May 2017, five patients with posterior oblique ligament avulsion fracture combined with medial collateral ligament injury were included in this study. The patients were aged 37-58 years old with a mean of 45.2 years. All patients underwent the primary repair of a posterior oblique ligament avulsion fracture and medial collateral ligament injury. The main observational index included Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, and range of motion (ROM). RESULTS: The results showed that the average time of follow-up was 53.6 months (range, 20-86 months). When compared to preoperative scores, the preoperative Lysholm score was significantly increased (47.8 ± 5.1 vs 95.0 ± 3.7, P < 0.05), the IKDC score was significantly increased (51.2 ± 5.6 vs 88.6 ± 4.2, P < 0.05), the VAS score was significantly decreased (7.0 ± 0.7 vs 0.4 ± 0.5, P < 0.05), and the ROM was significantly increased (91.6° ± 8.4° vs 129.9° ± 4.4°, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study found that with the combination of the one-stage repair of a posterior oblique ligament (POL) avulsion fracture and medial collateral ligament injury, the patient's postoperative function recovered well, their pain was relieved, and their knee joint stability was reliable.

Antigenicity of tissues and organs from GGTA1/CMAH/ß4GalNT2 triple gene knockout pigs.

Clinical xenotransplantations have been hampered by human preformed antibody-mediated damage of the xenografts. To overcome biological incompatibility between pigs and humans, one strategy is to remove the major antigens [Gal, Neu5Gc, and Sd(a)] present on pig cells and tissues. Triple gene (GGTA1, CMAH, and ß 4GalNT2) knockout (TKO) pigs were produced in our laboratory by CRISPR-Cas9 targeting. To investigate the antigenicity reduction in the TKO pigs, the expression levels of these three xenoantigens in the cornea, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and pancreas tissues were examined. The level of human IgG/IgM binding to those tissues was also investigated, with wildtype pig tissues as control. The results showed that αGal, Neu5Gc, and Sd(a) were markedly positive in all the examined tissues in wildtype pigs but barely detected in TKO pigs. Compared to wildtype pigs, the liver, spleen, and pancreas of TKO pigs showed comparable levels of human IgG and IgM binding, whereas corneas, heart, lung, and kidney of TKO pigs exhibited significantly reduced human IgG and IgM binding. These results indicate that the antigenicity of TKO pig is significantly reduced and the remaining xenoantigens on porcine tissues can be eliminated via a gene targeting approach.

Evaluation of the predatory mite Amblyseius hainanensis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and artificial rainfall for the management of Brevipalpus obovatus (Acari: Tenuipalpidae).

Brevipalpus obovatus Donnadieu is an important pest mite on tea plants in South China. In the current study, predatory mites of B. obovatus in the tea gardens of Guangzhou were extensively surveyed. In total, 13 species of predatory mites (four families with seven genera) were recorded. The population proportion of Amblyseius hainanensis Wu et Qian was the highest (68.6 %), followed by that of Anystis baccarum (L.) (8.4 %) and A. theae Wu (6.3 %). The effects of starvation time, habitat size and pest population density on the predatory efficiency of the most dominant species, A. hainanensis, feeding on B. obovatus were assessed. In addition, the effectiveness of artificial rainfall in reducing B. obovatus populations was evaluated. After starvation for 48 h, the predatory efficiency of A. hainanensis was significantly higher than those that had been starved for 24 or 72 h when 30-50 B. obovatus eggs were made available. The predation of A. hainanensis on B. obovatus also increased with increasing prey density. The number of prey attacked by A. hainanensis in a 3.2 cm(2) habitat was significantly higher than in a 6.3 cm(2) habitat. The average predation of A. hainanensis was 31.7 eggs per day when offered 100 B. obovatus eggs on a tea leaf. This decreased to 17.8 eggs per day when four A. hainanensis shared 100 B. obovatus eggs. B. obovatus populations can be reduced by artificial rainfall, with the reduction affected by rainfall intensity. With an intensity of 40 mm in 15 min, 90.2 % mortality of B. obovatus occurred; lower mortalities were recorded (13.3 and 29.8 %) when the intensity was 2 or 4 mm in 15 min. Combination of the predatory mite A. hainanensis and artificial rainfall for the integrated pest management of B. obovatus is discussed.

Life-table analysis of the performance of Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) on two wild rice species.

Life tables of the planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) on two wild rice species, Oryza officinalis Wall, ex Watt. and Oryza rufipogon Griff., and on 'Taichung Native 1' (O. sativa indica TN1) were studied at 27 degrees C in the laboratory. The raw data were analyzed based on the age-stage, two-sex life table to take both sexes and the variable developmental rate among individuals and between sexes into consideration. The intrinsic rate of increase (r), the finite rate (lamda), the net reproduction rate (R0) and the mean generation time (T) of N. lugens on O. officinalis were -0.0616 d(-1), 0.9402 d(-1), 0.10 offspring, and 36.7 d, respectively, showing that the species is resistant to N. lugens. The resistance of O. officinalis is expressed in the long developmental time from first to fifth instar of N. lugens, the reduced preadult survival rate, the short adult longevity, and low fecundity. However, the population parameters of the N. lugens on O. rufipogon and TN1 were 0.1096 d(-1), 1.1158 d(-1), 67.82 offspring, and 38.6 d and 0.1340 d(-1), 1.1434 d(-1), 144.77 offspring, and 37.2 d, respectively. These population parameters showed that N. lugens can successfully survive and reproduce on both O. rufipogon and TN1.

Analysis of time- and concentration-mortality relationship of nitenpyram against different larval stages of Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae).

Bioassay of nitenpyram was conducted on the planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) in the laboratory by using the rice-stem dipping method. The resulting data were analyzed using the complementary log-log time-concentration-mortality modeling technique, yielding the parameters for time and concentration effects of nitenpyram against N. lugens instars. The LC50 values to instars I and II estimated for 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment were 1.03, 0.27, and 0.11 mg/liter, respectively. These values were lower than those for instars III and IV and instars V at the same times. The estimates of LT50 for instars I and II were decreased from 69.06 to 16.22 h with the increasing concentration from 0.125 to 2 mg/liter; the same estimates for both instars III and IV and instars V at the concentrations of 1-2 mg/liter were close to each other, ranging from 33.11 to 44.16 h, much higher than the values of instars I and II at the same concentration. Based on the time-concentration-mortality relationships fitted and the virulence indices (LC50 and LT50) estimated, nitenpyram is a promising pesticide for N. lugens control.