Nonequal-length image encryption based on bitplane chaotic mapping.

In recent years, extensive research has focused on encryption algorithms for square images, with relatively little attention given to nonsquare images. This paper introduces a novel encryption algorithm tailored for nonequal length images, integrating bit-plane chaotic mapping and Arnold transformation. To effectively implement the algorithm, the plain image is initially transformed into two equal-sized binary sequences. A new diffusion strategy is then introduced to mutually diffuse these sequences, followed by the use of a chaotic map to control the swapping of binary elements between them, enabling permutation of bits across different bitplanes. Finally, the positional information of the image is scrambled using the Arnold transform, resulting in the generation of the encrypted image. By utilizing nonequal Arnold transformation parameters and the initial value of the Lorenz chaotic map as keys, the transmission of keys is simplified, and the cryptosystem gains infinite key space to resist brute force attacks. Experimental results and security analysis confirm the effectiveness of the proposed quantum image encryption algorithm in encrypting nonsquare images, demonstrating good performance in terms of nonstatistical properties, key sensitivity, and robustness. Furthermore, simulation experiments based on Qiskit successfully validate the correctness and feasibility of the quantum image encryption algorithm.

[Medical application of the art of supplication before the Tang dynasty].

Ample materials on diseases treated with supplication were seen on excavated texts, medical works from ancient time, and religious works before the Tang dynasty (including Tang dynasty). Since the breaking up of witchcraft from medicine, there are still supplication applied in the treatment and prevention of diseases, including those of internal medicine, external medicine, women's and children's diseases, disease of the sense organs, and infections. There are dual reasons for this phenomena, one being the diseases caused by spirit and ghostss; and the other being certain effectiveness of this art on some diseases not cured by other regular treatments, hence, its acceptance by secular people.

[On the etiological concept in the literature from unearthed documents of bamboo slips and silk scrolls].

There is a substantial number of medical literature in the unearthed bamboo slips and silk scroll literature, the vast majority of which came into being earlier than medical books handed down from the ancient time, and are the documents of the origin of Chinese medicine dated back to the earliest time known thus far. In these documents, the contents of not a few of them deals with the etiology of disease which, by textual criticism and analysis, can be classified into seven different aspects, namely, six climatic pathogenic factors, emotional factors, injury caused by falling, traumatic damage; frostbite and burns, insect or animal bites, drug poisoning, evil spirit haunting, and constitutional factors, reflecting the contemporary etiological concept truthfully.

[Textual research on Chen Ye and his Jia cang jing yan fang (Family-preserved Empirical Recipes) of the Song Dynasty].

Chen Ye, an official of the Southern Song Dynasty, also known as Chen Rihua as his styled name, was born in Changle, Fuzhou in the reign of Shaoxing, and died during the reign of Duanping. He had been consecutively in the positions of Jiang shi lang (Court Gentleman for Ceremonial Service), Zhi zhou (Prefect) of Lingding, the Ti xing (Judicial Commissioner) of Guangdong, the Zong ling (Overseer-general) of Sichuan, Shan ding (Reviser), Shu lin and other positions in Tongzhou, Yuanzhou. His works included 1 volume of Gu ling xian sheng nian pu (Mr. Guling's Chronological Biography), 1 volume of Tan xie (On Humor), 1 volume of Shi hua (Poetry), 8 volumes of Jin yuan li shu (Jin Yuan's Smart Technique), 3 volumes of Yi jian zhi lei bian (Classified Compilation of Yijian's Annals), (Zeng guang) Suo sui lu (Augmented Records of Trivial Matters), 5 volumes of Jia cang jing yan fang (Family-preserved Empirical Recipes). He also compiled the 8-volume Yin jiang zhi (Yinjiang's Annals), published the 2-volume Jia cang ji yao fang (Collected Essential Recipes from Family Preservation), and other proses and poetry. Jia cang jing yan fang was a formulary compiled by Chen Ye, which was lost. Altogether 74 of its recipes were cited in Fu ren da quan liang fang (Complete Effective Prescriptions for Women's Diseases), Shou qin yang lao shu (A Book for Pursuing Seniors' Longevity and Healthcare), Pu ji fang (Prescriptions for Universal Relief) and Yong le da dian (Yongle Encyclopedia).

[The decipher, annotation and textual researches of 7 anti-dysentery prescriptions in the Tangut medical documents unearthed in Khara-Khoto].

There were 7 anti-dysentery prescriptions in the Tangut medical documents unearthed in Khara-Khoto, preserved in Russia, which were deciphered, annotated and textually researched based on the Tangut tool books like Wenhai (Word Ocean), Tongyin (Homophones), and Fan han he shi zhang zhong zhu (A Tangut-Chinese Timely Gem Dictionary), combining with classical medical documents and application of knowledge of ancient Chinese language. It can be sure that these prescriptions came from the central plains of China during the Song Dynasty, which were made use of by the prescriptions as they were by the physicians of the Western Xia regime, either made modifications and adjustments or without any change. For example, local foods like local sugar and cheese were added. As for the administration and dosage, again, they were applied by following the original one or changing a little according to the local diet customs.

[Textual research on "Chigu Decoction" in Wooden Slips from the Site of the Ancient People's Dike in Zhangjiajie].

In 1987, wooden slips named Zhi Chigu Fang (Chigu Decoction) were discovered on the site of the Ancient People's Dike in Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province. 15 drugs with dosage were listed on the front of the wooden slip and processing on the reverse side. Though there are two academic opinions about Chigu Decoction neither of them is convincing. Zhi means treatment and Chigu is the name of an ancient exogenous febrile disease with the symptoms of aversion to cold, fever, headache and neck pain, ankylosis, cough and asthma or cold pain in the gastric area and diarrhea. Chi is a descriptive word describing the appearance of exogenous febrile fever.

[Examples of textual research on gynecological literature included in Yong le da dian (Yongle's Great Canon)].

Yongle's Great Canon is a series of books to be read exclusively by the emperors of the Ming Dynasty, so all of the books included are from many rare books collected in Wen Yuan Ge of early Ming Dynasty. These rare books, ranging from Song, Jin, and Yuan Dynasties or from folk sources preserve the original appearance of the ancient books almost without any changes. From a philological viewpoint, the gynecological books included in Yong le da dian are studied, proof-read and checked for its lost texts and different texts. This can serve as a basis for the reprinting and re-publishing of ancient TCM books.

[Research on interpretation, collation and annotation of a Heishui City document, Shen xian fang lun (On the Prescriptions of Immortals) preserved in Russia].

Through interpretation, collation and annotation of Shen xian fang lun (On the Prescriptions of Immortals), Xixia document A21-1, found in Heishui City and now preserved in Russia, including the explanation of homonyms and mispronounced words, and comparison and analysis with other relevant literature, 12 prescriptions were found their original sources from Tai ping sheng hui fang (Taiping Holy Prescriptions for Universal Relief; Peaceful Holy Benevolent Prescriptions) and Sheng ji zong lu (General Records of Holy Universal Relief; Complete Record of Sacred Benevolence) etc. While a few others, never seen in ancient medical books, could be created of Xixia medical researchers based on local situation.

[Preliminary exploration on the medical literature in "The 17th volume of great canon of Yongle newly discovered overseas"].

During our exploration on the history of compilation, spread, reprinting of Yong le da dian (Great Canon of Yongle) and the analysis made on the materials of medicine; history of medicine, and medical literature in the "17th Volume of Great Canon of Yongle Newly Discovered Overseas", we found that there are materials cited over 10 kinds of literature of the Song, Jin, and Yuan dynasties and other fragmentary materials. The academic value of the materials include; for the proofreading and collation of available extant medical literature; for the supplement of lost medical books or remained medical books; for the exploration of new medical historical materials; and for the correction of errors in modern tool books in TCM.