Cathodic photoelectrochemical sensor developed for glutathione detection based on carrier transport in a Ti3C2Tx/AgI heterojunction.

Recently, cathodic photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing has emerged as a convenient and efficient method for molecular detection and analysis. Novel photoactive materials are urgently required for the further development of advanced cathodic PEC sensors. In this study, an original photoactive material, the Ti3C2Tx/AgI heterojunction material (HM), was synthesized by combining the two-dimensional layered material Ti3C2Tx MXenes with the p-type semiconductor AgI. The Ti3C2Tx/AgI HM exhibited excellent PEC performance. The PEC process in the Ti3C2Tx/AgI HM under light irradiation was explored and demonstrated using Vienna abinitio simulation package (VASP) calculations. The Ti3C2Tx/AgI HM exhibited enhanced electron-hole separation and charge transport owing to the good electronic conductivity of Ti3C2Tx and improved interfacial electron transport from Ti3C2Tx to AgI. Therefore, a cathodic PEC sensor was developed for glutathione (GSH) detection. GSH acted as a reductant and consumed the electron acceptor to inhibit electron transfer, resulting in a decrease in photocurrent signals that was linear with the GSH concentration. The linear range was wide (1-10 µM), with a detection limit of 0.31 nM. The PEC sensor also displayed satisfactory selectivity and stability; thus, the findings provide insights into the design and construction of a PEC sensing platform without enzymes.

The Trickle-Down Effect of Leaders' VWGB on Employees' Pro-Environmental Behaviors: A Moderated Mediation Model.

Although previous research has highlighted the positive effect of leaders' voluntary workplace green behavior (VWGB), limited research attention has been given to empirically testing how and when such behavior produces trickle-down effects. Taking a role model perspective and drawing on social identity theory, this research aims to fill this gap by proposing and testing the mechanism and boundary conditions of the influencing processes whereby leaders' VWGB can trickle down to employees' pro-environmental behaviors. By theorizing a moderated mediation model, the current research empirically examines the hypotheses by conducting a hierarchical regression analysis. We employed a survey questionnaire research design to collect two waves of multisource data. The data used in the analysis are from survey responses of 313 subordinate-supervisor dyads at two different time points. The results show that leaders' VWGB can have a trickle-down influence on employees' task-related pro-environmental behavior and proactive pro-environmental behaviors through their green self-identity and that this trickle-down effect is greater among employees with higher green climate perceptions. Our results reveal the intervening mechanism and boundary condition of leaders' VWGB by conducting a systematic examination of how this effect trickles down.

Intravenous Dexmedetomidine Promotes Spinal Bupivacaine Anesthesia and Postoperative Analgesia in Lower Limb Surgery: A Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical CONSORT Study.

Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has been reported to have synergistic action with local anesthetics. This prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical study was designed to observe the efficacy of intravenous DEX without loading dose on spinal blockade duration, postoperative sedation, patient-controlled analgesia and its morphine-sparing effect in lower limb surgeries.Seventy-five patients, scheduled for lower limb surgery under spinal anesthesia, were randomly allocated into 2 groups: group BS (received 15 mg of 0.5% of bupivacaine for subarachnoid anesthesia and continuous intravenous infusion of saline in Ringer solution) and BD group (received 15 mg of 0.5% of bupivacaine for subarachnoid anesthesia and continuous intravenous infusion of DEX in Ringer solution at a rate of 0.25 µg/kg/h). Intravenous infusion started 15 minutes before spinal anesthesia.The onset time of sensory and motor blockade was shorten, the duration of sensory and motor blockade was significantly prolonged in BD patients when compared to BS patients. The Ramsay sedation score measured immediately after surgery was greater in BD group than BS group. BD patients also shown increased time to the first request of postoperative morphine and decreased total morphine consumption as compared with BS patients.Collectively, intravenous administration of DEX without loading dose promoted the efficacy of spinal bupivacaine anesthesia and postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing lower limb surgery.