[Nursery Services for Children Under 3 in Sichuan Province].

Objective: To study the current status of nursery services for children under 3 in Sichuan Province, to analyze the problems and causes, and to provide policy recommendations for the high-quality development of nursery services in Sichuan Province for children under the age of 3. Methods: Using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, we analyzed the current status of nursery services in Sichuan Province and the problems encountered in the development of nursery services in Sichuan Province by collecting information on relevant government policies of Sichuan and the status quo of nursery services for children under 3 in the 21 cities/prefectures of Sichuan through policy research, interviews conducted at nursery service institutions, questionnaire surveys, and expert panel discussions. Results: The supply of nursery services, or nursery enrollment capacity, in Sichuan Province reached 3 nursery enrollment opportunities per thousand people, with the enrollment utilization rate reaching 48.2%. Among all the nursery service institutions in the province, 55.4% were concentrated in the Chengdu, Mianyang, and Meishan regions. There were 1667 pilot nursery service institutions providing government-subsidized affordable nursery services and supplying 72971 subsidized affordable enrollment opportunities, accounting for 28.7% of the total number of all nursery service institutions and 29.1% of their total enrollment. There were a total of 37995 nursery service professionals, including 28468 caregivers (including teachers), with an average of 6 employees per institution and 5 caregivers per institution. 49.6% of the nursery service institutions hired healthcare workers on a part-time basis and 11.3% of them did not have healthcare workers on their staffs. Conclusion: Nursery services for children under 3 years old have developed rapidly in Sichuan Province, but there are a number of problems, including uneven distribution of resources in different regions, inadequate supply of government-subsidized affordable nursery services, mismatch between supply and demand, insufficient utilization of services, lack of professionals, and insufficient driving force for sustainable development in the industry. We have suggested that actions be taken to improve the policy and regulatory system for nursery services, actively develop care facilites that are government-subsidized affordable services, integrated daycare service for all preschool children, and integrated medical and education facilites, provide support for home care, establish an information system for nursery services, optimize the professional training and development system, strengthen scientific research and international exchanges on nursery services, and comprehensively promote the high-quality development of nursery services and the construction of a childrearing-friendly environment in Sichuan Province.

Status and intervention strategy of adolescent health services / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#By reviewing the advocacy framework and implementation path of global adolescent health promotion, summarizing the main health problems of adolescents worldwide and current status of adolescent health care services in China, an ecological model of adolescent health care was concluded according to the demands of adolescents towards health care services. A comprehensive intervention strategy, ie. multi sector cooperation, community participation and integration of hospital, school, community and family, etc, has been put forward to promote the health and sustainable development of adolescents.

A novel electron transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase (ETFDH) gene mutation identified in a newborn with glutaric acidemia type II: a case report of a Chinese family.

BACKGROUND: Glutaric acidemia type II (GA II) or multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD, OMIM 231680) is an inherited autosomal recessive disease affecting fatty acid, amino acid and choline metabolism, due to mutations in one of three genes namely, electron transfer flavoprotein alpha-subunit, ETFA, electron transfer flavoprotein ß-subunit, ETFB and electron transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase, ETFDH. Currently, few studies have reported genetic profiling of neonatal-onset GA II. This study aimed to identify the genetic mutations in a Chinese family with GA II. CASE PRESENTATION: We reported a case of GA II with purulent meningitis and septicemia and identified a novel ETFDH gene mutation in a female infant. The patient developed an episode of hypoglycemia and hypotonicity on the postnatal first day. Laboratory investigations revealed elevations of multiple acylcarnitines indicating glutaric acidemia type II in newborn screening analysis. Urinary organic acids were evaluated for the confirmation and revealed a high glutaric acid excretion. Genetic analysis revealed two mutations in the ETFDH gene (c.623_626 del / c. 1399G > C), which were considered to be the etiology for the disease. The novel mutation c.623_626 del was identified in the proband infant and her father, her mother was carriers of the mutation c.1399G > C. CONCLUSIONS: A novel variant (c.623_626 del) and a previously reported missense (c.1399G > C) in the ETFDH gene have been identified in the family. The two variants of ETFDH gene identified probably underlie the pathogenesis of Glutaric acidemia type II in this family, and also enlarge ETFDH genotype-phenotype correlations spectrum.