Comprehensive identification, characterization, and expression analysis of the MORF gene family in Brassica napus.

BACKGROUND: RNA editing in chloroplast and mitochondrion transcripts of plants is an important type of post-transcriptional RNA modification in which members of the multiple organellar RNA editing factor gene family (MORF) play a crucial role. However, a systematic identification and characterization of MORF members in Brassica napus is still lacking. RESULTS: In this study, a total of 43 MORF genes were identified from the genome of the Brassica napus cultivar "Zhongshuang 11". The Brassica napus MORF (BnMORF) family members were divided into three groups through phylogenetic analysis. BnMORF genes distributed on 14 chromosomes and expanded due to segmental duplication and whole genome duplication repetitions. The majority of BnMORF proteins were predicted to be localized to mitochondria and chloroplasts. The promoter cis-regulatory element analysis, spatial-temporal expression profiling, and co-expression network of BnMORF genes indicated the involvement of BnMORF genes in stress and phytohormone responses, as well as growth and development. CONCLUSION: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of BnMORF genes and lays a foundation for further exploring their physiological functions in Brassica napus.

[Intervention effect of narrative therapy on non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents with depressive disorder: a prospective randomized controlled study]. / å™äº‹æ²»ç–—å¯¹é’å°‘å¹´æŠ‘éƒç—‡æ‚£è€ éžè‡ªæ€æ€§è‡ªä¼¤çš„å¹²é¢„æ•ˆæžœï¼šä¸€é¡¹å‰çž»æ€§éšæœºå¯¹ç §ç ”ç©¶.

OBJECTIVES: To study the intervention effect of narrative therapy on non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), as well as anxiety and depression symptoms in adolescents with depressive disorder. METHODS: Sixty adolescents with depressive disorder and NSSI were randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the control group using coin flipping. The control group received conventional psychological support, while the intervention group received individual narrative therapy in addition to the conventional psychological support (twice a week, 60 minutes per session, for a total of 3 weeks). Assessment of treatment efficacy was conducted using the Adolescent Self-Harm Questionnaire, Children's Depression Inventory, and Children's Anxiety and Mood Scale before the intervention, at the end of the intervention, and one month after the intervention for both groups. RESULTS: A total of 26 adolescents in the intervention group and 29 adolescents in the control group completed the entire study. At the end of the intervention and one month after the intervention, the intervention group showed a significant reduction in the NSSI frequency score, NSSI level, anxiety score, and depression score compared to before the intervention (P<0.017). Moreover, at the end of the intervention and one month after the intervention, the intervention group exhibited significantly lower NSSI frequency score, NSSI severity score, NSSI level, anxiety score and depression score compared to the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Narrative therapy is effective in reducing NSSI frequency and alleviating NSSI severity, as well as anxiety and depression symptoms in adolescents with depressive disorder.

Related health burden with the improvement of air quality across China.

BACKGROUND: Substantial progress in air pollution control has brought considerable health benefits in China, but little is known about the spatio-temporal trends of economic burden from air pollution. This study aimed to explore their spatio-temporal features of disease burden from air pollution in China to provide policy recommendations for efficiently reducing the air pollution and related disease burden in an era of a growing economy. METHODS: Using the Global Burden of Disease method and willingness to pay method, we estimated fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and/or ozone (O3) related premature mortality and its economic burden across China, and explored their spatio-temporal trends between 2005 and 2017. RESULTS: In 2017, we estimated that the premature mortality and economic burden related to the two pollutants were RMB 0.94 million (68.49 per 100,000) and 1170.31 billion yuan (1.41% of the national gross domestic product [GDP]), respectively. From 2005 to 2017, the total premature mortality was decreasing with the air quality improvement, but the economic burden was increasing along with the economic growth. And the economic growth has contributed more to the growth of economic costs than the economic burden decrease brought by the air quality improvement. The premature mortality and economic burden from O3 in the total loss from the two pollutants was substantially lower than that of PM2.5, but it was rapidly growing. The O3-contribution was highest in the Yangtze River Delta region, the Fen-Wei Plain region, and some western regions. The proportion of economic burden from PM2.5 and O3 to GDP significantly declined from 2005 to 2017 and showed a decreasing trend pattern from northeast to southwest. CONCLUSION: The disease burden from O3 is lower than that of PM2.5, the O3-contribution has a significantly increasing trend with the growth of economy and O3 concentration.

The ATP Synthase γ Subunit ATPC1 Regulates RNA Editing in Chloroplasts.

RNA editing is the process of modifying RNA molecules by inserting, deleting, or substituting nucleotides. In flowering plants, RNA editing occurs predominantly in RNAs encoded by the organellar genomes of mitochondria and chloroplasts, and the main type of editing involves the substitution of cytidine with uridine at specific sites. Abnormal RNA editing in plants can affect gene expression, organelle function, plant growth, and reproduction. In this study, we report that ATPC1, the gamma subunit of ATP synthase in Arabidopsis chloroplasts, has an unexpected role in the regulation of editing at multiple sites of plastid RNAs. The loss of function of ATPC1 severely arrests chloroplast development, causing a pale-green phenotype and early seedling lethality. Disruption of ATPC1 increases the editing of matK-640, rps12-i-58, atpH-3'UTR-13210, and ycf2-as-91535 sites while decreasing the editing of rpl23-89, rpoA-200, rpoC1-488, and ndhD-2 sites. We further show that ATPC1 participates in RNA editing by interacting with known multiple-site chloroplast RNA editing factors, including MORFs, ORRM1, and OZ1. The transcriptome in the atpc1 mutant is profoundly affected, with a pattern of defective expression of chloroplast development-related genes. These results reveal that the ATP synthase γ subunit ATPC1 is involved in multiple-site RNA editing in Arabidopsis chloroplasts.

The relationship between population heat vulnerability and urbanization levels: A county-level modeling study across China.

The purpose of this work was to assess population vulnerability to heat-related health risks and its relationship with urbanization levels to provide essential information for the future development and policy-making for climate change adaptation. We constructed a heat vulnerability index (HVI), quantified the population heat vulnerability in each county across China by a principal component analysis (PCA) of multiple factors, and assessed urbanization levels in each county using multisource data. Then, the HVI was validated using the heat-attributable fraction (heat-AF) of nonaccidental mortality based on death monitoring data and meteorological data from 95 counties across China. The results showed that our HVI was significantly positively associated with the heat AF of nonaccidental mortality. A negative correlation was observed between the urbanization level and the HVI. The HVI was generally higher in less urbanized western China and lower in the more urbanized eastern regions. The baseline mortality occupies the top position in the importance ranking of the heat-vulnerability indicators at all three urbanization levels, but the other indicators, including the aging rate, agricultural population rate, education, ethnic structure, economic status, air conditioner ownership rate, and number of hospitals, ranked differently among different urbanization levels. This finding indicates that to reduce population heat vulnerability, the most important approach is to improve the health status of the whole population and reduce baseline mortality; additionally, regional-specific measures and emphasis should be adjusted reasonably along with the process of urbanization according to the characteristics and key factors of local heat vulnerability.

Random forest model based fine scale spatiotemporal O3 trends in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in China, 2010 to 2017.

Ambient ozone (O3) concentrations have shown an upward trend in China and its health hazards have also been recognized in recent years. High-resolution exposure data based on statistical models are needed. Our study aimed to build high-performance random forest (RF) models based on training data from 2013 to 2017 in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region in China at a 0.01 ° × 0.01 ° resolution, and estimated daily maximum 8h average O3 (O3-8hmax) concentration, daily average O3 (O3-mean) concentration, and daily maximum 1h O3 (O3-1hmax) concentration from 2010 to 2017. Model features included meteorological variables, chemical transport model output variables, geographic variables, and population data. The test-R2 of sample-based O3-8hmax, O3-mean and O3-1hmax models were all greater than 0.80, while the R2 of site-based and date-based model were 0.68-0.87. From 2010 to 2017, O3-8hmax, O3-mean, and O3-1hmax concentrations in the BTH region increased by 4.18 µg/m3, 0.11 µg/m3, and 4.71 µg/m3, especially in more developed regions. Due to the influence of weather conditions, which showed high contribution to the model, the long-term spatial distribution of O3 concentrations indicated a similar pattern as altitude, where high concentration levels were distributed in regions with higher altitude.

Associations between short-term exposure to PM2.5 and stroke incidence and mortality in China: A case-crossover study and estimation of the burden.

Stroke and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are two important public health concerns worldwide. Although numerous studies have reported the associations between PM2.5 and stroke, scientific evidence in China is incomplete, particularly the effect of PM2.5 on the acute incidence and national acute health burdens of stroke attributed to PM2.5 pollution. This study identified about 131,947 registered patients and 23,018 deaths due to stroke in 10 counties located in various regions from 2013 to 2017. Using a time-stratified case-crossover design, this study evaluated the associations between short-term exposure to PM2.5 and the risks of acute incidence and mortality for different types of stroke on the same spatiotemporal scale. With a 10 µg/m3 increase in the PM2.5 concentration, the acute incidence risk increased by 0.37% (0.15%, 0.60%) for stroke, 0.46% (0.21%, 0.72%) for ischemic stroke, and -0.13% (-0.73%, 0.48%) for hemorrhagic stroke. The corresponding values for the mortality risk were 0.71% (0.08%, 1.33%), 1.09% (0.05%, 2.14%), and 0.43% (-0.44%, 1.31%) for stroke, ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke, respectively. Compared with the other groups, females and patients aged over 64 years presented higher incidence and mortality risks, while the group aged >75 years may exhibit a greater risk of mortality. Based on the estimated effects, we evaluated 43,300 excess deaths and 48,800 acute incidences attributed to short-term PM2.5 exposure across China in 2015. This study provided robust estimates of PM2.5-induced stroke incidence and mortality risks, and susceptible populations were identified. Excess mortality and morbidity attributed to short-term PM2.5 exposure indicate the necessity to implement health care and prevention strategies, as well as medical resource allocation for noncommunicable diseases in regions with high levels of air pollution.

Estimating the daily PM2.5 concentration in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region using a random forest model with a 0.01°â€¯× 0.01° spatial resolution.

High spatiotemporal resolution fine particulate matter (PM2.5) simulations can provide important exposure data for the assessment of long-term and short-term health effects. Satellite-based aerosol optical depth (AOD) data, meteorological data, and topographic data have become key variables for PM2.5 estimation. In this study, a random forest model was developed and used to estimate the highest resolution (0.01°â€¯× 0.01°) daily PM2.5 concentrations in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Our model had a suitable performance (cv-R2 = 0.83 and test-R2 = 0.86). The regional test-R2 value in southern Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei was higher than that in northern Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei. The model performance was excellent at medium to high PM2.5 concentrations. Our study considered meteorological lag effects and found that the boundary layer height of the one-day lag had the most important contribution to the model. AOD and elevation factors were also important factors in the modeling process. High spatiotemporal resolution PM2.5 concentrations in 2010-2016 were estimated using a random forest model, which was based on PM2.5 measurements from 2013 to 2016.