RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation ï¼taVNSï¼ on plasma melatonin ï¼MLTï¼ content and insulin receptor expression in the liver, the skeletal muscles, and the pancreas of Zucker diabetic fatty ï¼ZDFï¼ rats, so as to explore the hypoglycemic mechanism of taVNS. METHODS: Thirty male ZDF rats were randomly divided into model group, taVNS group and sham-taVNS group, with 10 rats in each groupï¼ besides, 10 male Zucker lean rats of the same strain were collected for the blank control group. ZDF rats were fed with high-fat diet to induce type 2 diabetes mellitus ï¼T2DMï¼ rat model. In the taVNS group, HANS-100A electroacupuncture instrument was used to stimulate the cavum conchae of both sides. The stimulation sites of rats in the sham-taVNS were the same as the taVNS group, but without electricity delivered. The above interventions were performed 30 min each time, once daily, lasting for 6 weeks. Fasting blood glucose ï¼FBGï¼ was measured weekly in each group, the plasma metatonin ï¼MLTï¼ content was detected by ELISA, and the insulin receptor expression level in the liver, the skeletal muscle and the pancreas was determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with the blank control group, the level of FBG of rats were increased ï¼P<0.01ï¼, the plasma MLT content was decreased ï¼P<0.01ï¼ and the insulin receptor expression level in the pancreatic tissue was decreased ï¼P<0.01ï¼ in the model group. In the taVNS gruop, FBG was decreased ï¼P<0.05, P<0.01ï¼, the plasma MLT content was increased ï¼P<0.01ï¼, and the insulin receptor expression level in the liver, the skeletal muscle and the pancreas was increased ï¼P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001ï¼ when compared with the model group. Compared with the taVNS group, FBG was increased ï¼P<0.05, P<0.01ï¼, the plasma MLT content was decreased ï¼P<0.01ï¼, and the expression level of insulin receptors in the skeletal muscle and the pancreas was decreased ï¼P<0.01, P<0.001ï¼ in the sham-taVNS group. CONCLUSION: The taVNS can improve the insulin resistance and ultimately obtain the antihyperglycemic effect through regulating MLT concentration.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Melatonina , Estimulação do Nervo Vago , Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Hipoglicemiantes , Ratos Zucker , Receptor de InsulinaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: A number of epidemiologic studies examining the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the future occurrence of Parkinson's disease (PD) reported largely inconsistent findings. We conducted a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies to clarify this association. METHODS: Eligible prospective studies were identified by a search of PubMed and by checking the references of related publications. The generalized least squares trend estimation was employed to compute study-specific relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for an increase in BMI of 5 kg/m2, and the random-effects model was used to compute summary RR and 95% CI. RESULTS: A total of 10 prospective studies were included in the final analysis. An increase in BMI of 5 kg/m2 was not associated with PD risk, with a summary RR of 1.00 (95% CI = 0.89-1.12). Results of subgroup analysis found similar results except for a week positive association in studies that adjusted for alcohol consumption (RR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.99-1.29), and a week inverse association in studies that did not (RR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.78-1.04). In a separate meta-analysis, no significant association between overweight (25 kg/m2 ≤ BMI ≤29.9 kg/m2), obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m2) or excess weight (BMI≥25 kg/m2) and PD risk was observed. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis does not support the notion that higher BMI materially increases PD risk. However, a week positive BMI-PD association that may be masked by confounders still cannot be excluded, and future prospective studies with a good control for potential confounding factors are needed.
Assuntos
Doença de Parkinson/epidemiologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Humanos , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: To determine if the attenuated Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus SA14-14-2 vaccine strain interacts efficiently with Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, and further to acquire a new knowledge of its characteristics and safety for human beings. METHODS: Laboratory colonies of the two species of mosquitoes were set up and were inoculated intrathoracically with the attenuated vaccine virus and wild JE virus (Nak), both of which were used with different dilution from 10(-1) to 10(-9). Subsequently, the virus titers in the mosquitoes were detected by the plaque assay. RESULTS: Inoculated with the vaccine strain, two species of mosquitoes were infected with the titers ranged from 10(0)-10(-3), and the maximum titers in Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus were 4.48 logPFU/ml and 5.63 logPFU/ml, respectively. Inoculated with wild JE virus, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus was infected with titers ranged from 10(0)-10(-5), and the maximum titer in the mosquitoes was 6.59; Culex tritaeniorhynchus was infected with titers ranged from 10(0)-10(-4) and the maximum titer was 5.74 logPFU/ml. CONCLUSION: By intrathoracic infection, the attenuated JE virus SA14-14-2 vaccine strain can replicate in both species of mosquitoes.
