[Comparing the safety of vaccination on vastus lateralis muscle and deltoid muscle of infants with haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety of haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine vaccination on vastus lateralis muscle and deltoid muscle of infant. METHODS: A total of 408 3-4 months old infants were divided into vastus lateralis muscle group and deltoid muscle group in Beijing, 2014. They were divided into the vastus lateralis muscle group (204) and deltoid muscle group (204) by extracting random number. Each observation object was given 3 doses of Hib vaccine according to the program. Collected systemic and local reactions after vaccination and calculated the incidence of adverse reactions. RESULTS: A total of 61 infants were quitted during the study, 1 132 doses were observed. The total reactions incidence of Vastus lateralis muscle group and Deltoid muscle group were 33.0% (186/564) and 27.6% (157/568) with no statistical differences (χ² = 3.818, P = 0.059). The two groups incidence at the same day of vaccination (day 0) which the highest were 23.2% (131/564) and 20.6% (117/568), then declined with time (linear trend test vastus lateralis muscle group χ² = 36.600, P < 0.001,deltoid muscle group χ² = 29.947, P < 0.001), day 1 were 20.4% (115/564) and 17.6% (100/568), day 2 were 16.0% (90/564) and 13.4% (76/568), day 3 were 10.3% (58/564) and 10.6% (60/568), day 4-7 were 11.2% (63/564) and 11.3% (64/568). No serious adverse events (SAE) were reported during the study. The local reactions incidence of two groups were 7.1% (40/564) and 7.7% (44/568)with no statistical differences (χ² = 0.176, P = 0.675). The systemic reactions incidence of two groups were 25.9% (146/564) and 20.6% (117/568) with obvious statistical differences (χ² = 4.437, P = 0.035). The fever incidence of vastus lateralis muscle group (11.5% (65/564)) was higher than Deltoid muscle group (4.4% (25/568)) with obvious statistical differences (χ² = 4.868, P = 0.027). The 1st dose incidence of fever and abnormal crying of vastus lateralis muscle group (fever 11.3% (23/204), abnormal crying 19.1% (39/204)) was higher than deltoid muscle group (fever 4.4% (9/204), abnormal crying 11.8% (24/204)) and the 2nd dose of diarrhea of deltoid muscle group (11.6% (22/190)) was higher than vastus lateralis muscle group (5.9% (11/187)) with obvious statistical differences (fever χ² = 15.288, P < 0.001, abnormal crying χ² = 4.224, P = 0.040, diarrhea χ² = 3.829, P = 0.046). CONCLUSION: Both vastus lateralis muscle group and deltoid muscle group had lower incidence of adverse reactions after vaccination. No serious adverse events were associated with vaccination. Vastus lateralis muscle vaccination as well as deltoid muscle vaccination demonstrated safe.

[Analysis of antibodies of poliviruses in persistent populations in Beijing, 2012].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the polio immunity level of persistent population in Beijing, 2012. METHODS: A total of 1 676 subjects residing more than 6 months in Beijing were selected by stratified random cluster sampling design in 2012. Demographic characteristics, history of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) immunization were investigated by questionnaire. All 5 ml blood sample were collected for testing of polio neutralizing antibody using the method of microcell neutralization. The positive rate and the geometric mean titer (GMT) of polio neutralizing antibody type I, II and III were analyzed in different groups. RESULTS: The positive rate of type I, II and III were 98.2% (1 645/1 676), 98.1% (1 644/1 676), 97.6% (1 635/1 676); The GMT were 1:130.2, 1: 113.4 and 1: 79.7. Three types of positive rates in<15 years group (99.7% (664/666), 99.8% (665/666), 99.5% (663/666)) were higher than those of ≥ 15 years group (97.1% (981/1 010), 96.9% (979/1 010), 96.2% (972/1 010)), the differences were significant (all the values of P < 0.01); The GMT in<15 years group (1:325.9, 1:250.5, 1:190.7) were higher than that of ≥ 15 years group (1: 71.1, 1: 67.2, 1: 44.8), the difference was significant (all the values of P < 0.01). The positive rate (99.0%-100%) and GMT (1: 128.8-1: 300.7) in vaccination information confirmed population were higher. The highest positive rate (all were 100%) and GMT(1: 409.7-1: 636.7) were observed in children who vaccinated three times. CONCLUSION: The polio antibody of healthy population was at a high level in Beijing in 2012; Especially the age groups of < 15 years which were covered by vaccines.Immunization barrier had been formed firmly to interrupt the transmission of wild poliovirus and vaccine-derived poliovirus.

[Herd immunity against new influenza A (H1N1) in pre-vaccinated residents aged over 5 years in Beijing].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the herd immunity against influenza A (H1N1) in pre-vaccinated residents aged over 5 years, and therefore to provide data for vaccination policies in high risk populations. METHODS: From October to December 2009, Beijing CDC conducted a serum survey of the novel influenza A (H1N1) in the local residents, stratified in 10 age groups between 5 years to over 60 years, without H1N1 vaccination history and disease history. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays were performed at Beijing CDC. Statistical significance was determined with geometric mean titer (GMT). RESULTS: 3499 serum samples were tested for HI antibody. The average level of HI antibody was 1:8.03, and 11.06% (387/3499) were sero-positive (HI antibody level ≥ 1:40). In the group aged from 5 to 19 years, the level of HI antibody and the sero-positive rate were higher (HI antibody > 1:8.9, sero-positive rate > 12%). CONCLUSIONS: The antibody levels in different groups were affected by age specific morbidity, and the higher antibody level of the school-age group was correlated with higher disease intensity in this population. The data showed that the herd immunity in Beijing was under the optimal level, but influenza A (H1N1) would probably become prevalent in the short coming future.