Gastric granular cell tumor: A case report and literature review.

Granular cell tumors (GCTs) are neoplasms of uncertain histopathological etiology and therefore there are no universally accepted treatment strategies. GCTs are characterized by abundant eosinophilic granules. Since they are predominantly located in the skin and subcutaneous tissues, gastric GCTs are exceedingly rare. The present study documents the case of a 52-year-old man who visited the Gastroenterology Clinic of the People's Hospital of Putuo District (Zhoushan, China) due to upper abdominal fullness. Endoscopic ultrasonography revealed a well-defined hypoechoic nodule in the submucosal layer of the stomach body. The lesion was completely excised using endoscopic submucosal dissection and the patient made a full postoperative recovery. Immunohistochemistry showed positivity for S100 and CD68, with CD34 expression surrounding the tumor cells. At telephone follow-up until May 2024, the patient's fullness and discomfort were noted to be relieved. The characteristics of the CD34 expression pattern may serve as a novel basis for the pathological diagnosis of gastric GCTs. Endoscopic resection is a feasible option for gastric GCTs smaller than 2 cm.

Novel magnetic compression technique for the treatment of postoperative anastomotic stenosis in rectal cancer: A case report.

BACKGROUND: The treatment of postoperative anastomotic stenosis after excision of rectal cancer is challenging. Endoscopic balloon dilation and radial incision are not effective in all patients. We present a new endoscopy-assisted magnetic compression technique (MCT) for the treatment of rectal anastomotic stenosis. We successfully applied this MCT to a patient who developed an anastomotic stricture after radical resection of rectal cancer. CASE SUMMARY: A 50-year-old man had undergone laparoscopic radical rectal cancer surgery at a local hospital 5 months ago. A colonoscopy performed 2 months ago indicated that the rectal anastomosis was narrow due to which ileostomy closure could not be performed. The patient came to the Magnetic Surgery Clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University after learning that we had successfully treated patients with colorectal stenosis using MCT. We performed endoscopy-assisted magnetic compression surgery for rectal stenosis. The magnets were removed 16 d later. A follow-up colonoscopy performed after 4 months showed good anastomotic patency, following which, ileostomy closure surgery was performed. CONCLUSION: MCT is a simple, non-invasive technique for the treatment of anastomotic stricture after radical resection of rectal cancer. The technique can be widely used in clinical settings.

Magnetic compression anastomosis to restore biliary tract continuity after obstruction following major abdominal trauma: A case report.

BACKGROUND: The combination of magnetic compression anastomosis (MCA) and endoscopy has been used to treat biliary stricture after liver transplantation. However, its use for the treatment of complex biliary obstruction after major abdominal trauma has not been reported. This case report describes the successful use of MCA for the treatment of biliary obstruction resulting from major abdominal trauma. CASE SUMMARY: A 23-year-old man underwent major abdominal surgery (repair of liver rupture, right half colon resection, and ileostomy) following a car accident one year ago. The abdominal drainage tube, positioned at the Winslow foramen, was draining approximately 600-800 mL of bile per day. During the two endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedures, the guide wire was unable to enter the common bile duct, which prevented placement of a biliary stent. MCA combined with endoscopy was used to successfully achieve magnetic anastomosis of the peritoneal sinus tract and duodenum, and then a choledochoduodenal stent was placed. Finally, the external biliary drainage tube was removed. The patient achieved internal biliary drainage leading to the removal of the external biliary drainage tube, which improved the quality of life. CONCLUSION: Magnetic compression technique can be used for the treatment of complex biliary obstruction with minimal operative trauma.

Oxygen vacancy-rich ß-Bi2O3/Bi2O2SiO3 Z-Scheme heterojunction: A strategy to enhance visible light-driven photocatalytic removal of ARB and ARGs.

Oxygen vacancy-rich ß-Bi2O3/Bi2O2SiO3 (BO/BOS) Z-Scheme heterojunction was prepared by hydrothermal method-assisted calcination. Under visible light, ß-Bi2O3/Bi2O2SiO3 photocatalyst demonstrated superior photocatalytic efficacy in degrading antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli (AR E. coli) compared to individual ß-Bi2O3 and Bi2O2SiO3. The experimental results showed that BO/BOS-450 sample possessed the best photocatalytic activity against tetracycline (2 h, 80.8%), amoxicillin (4 h, 57.9%) and AR E. coli (3 h, 107.43 CFU·mL-1). BO/BOS-450 sample showed 91.8% electrostatic capture of AR E. coli in the bacterial capture experiment. In the antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) degradation experiment, BO/BOS-450 sample was able to bring the log10 (Ct/C0) value of tetA to -3.49 after 2 h. Oxygen vacancies (OVs) were verified through HR-TEM, XPS and EPR analyses. ESR experiments aligned with the quenching experiment results, confirming that the crucial active species were ‧O2- and h+ during photocatalytic sterilization. A small-scale sewage treatment equipment was designed for the effective removal of ARB from real water samples.

Deciphering the adaptation mechanism of anammox consortia under sulfamethoxazole stress: A model coupling resistance accumulation and interspecies-cooperation.

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is frequently detected in wastewater where anammox applications are promising. While it has been demonstrated that anammox consortia can adapt to SMX stress, the underlying community adaptation strategy has not yet been fully addressed. Therefore, in this study, we initially ascertained anammox consortia's ability to co-metabolize SMX in batch tests. Then, a 200-day domestication process of anammox consortia under SMX stress was carried out with community variations and transcriptional activities monitored by metagenomic and metatranscriptomic sequencing techniques. Despite the initial drop to 41.88 %, the nitrogen removal efficiency of the anammox consortia rebounded to 84.64 % post-domestication under 5 mg/L SMX. Meanwhile, a 4.85-fold accumulation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) under SMX stress was observed as compared to the control group. Interestingly, the anammox consortia may unlock the SMX-inhibited folate synthesis pathway through a novel interspecies cooperation triangle among Nitrospira (NAA), Desulfobacillus denitrificans (DSS1), and the core anammox population Candidatus Brocadia sinica (AMX1), in which the modified dihydropteroate synthase (encoded by sul1) of NAA reconnected the symbiotic cooperation between AMX1 and DSS1. Overall, this study provides a new model for the adaptation strategies of anammox consortia to SMX stress.

Trop2-targeted therapies in solid tumors: advances and future directions.

Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (Trop2) is overexpressed in a range of solid tumors and participants in multiple oncogenic signaling pathways, making it an attractive therapeutic target. In the past decade, the rapid development of various Trop2-targeted therapies, notably marked by the advent of the antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), revolutionized the outcome for patients facing Trop2-positive tumors with limited treatment opinions, such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This review provides a comprehensive summary of advances in Trop2-targeted therapies, including ADCs, antibodies, multispecific agents, immunotherapy, cancer vaccines, and small molecular inhibitors, along with in-depth discussions on their designs, mechanisms of action (MOAs), and limitations. Additionally, we emphasize the clinical research progress of these emerging Trop2-targeted agents, focusing on their clinical application and therapeutic efficacy against tumors. Furthermore, we propose directions for future research, such as enhancing our understanding of Trop2's structure and biology, exploring the best combination strategies, and tailoring precision treatment based on Trop2 testing methodologies.

Design and properties of ternary alkali-activated binder based on blast furnace slag, recycled powder and waste glass powder.

Ternary alkali-activated binder was prepared by blast furnace slag (GGBS), recycled powder (RP) and waste glass powder (WGP) using simplex centroid design method. By measuring the fluidity, setting time, drying shrinkage and mechanical property of specimen, the complementary effect of GGBS, RP and WGP was discussed. The reaction mechanism and microstructure were explored by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results reveal that the addition of RP could significantly reduce the fluidity and setting time of paste, while WGP can obviously improve the rheological property and play a retarding role. The workability of paste can be effectively regulated by mixing RP and WGP together. Whether added alone or in combination, RP and WGP can effectively improve the shrinkage performance. In the ternary system, GGBS can be rapidly activated and form a skeleton structure. The fine RP particles can play a good role in filling the structure, and the pozzolanic reaction of WGP gradually occurs, which makes the microstructure more compact. The incorporation of GGBS, RP and WGP can promote the growth of hydration products, improve the density of microstructure, and form a certain complementary effect.

Ultrathin Flexible Silica Nanosheets with Surface Chemistry-Modulated Affinity to Mammalian Cells.

Flexibility of nanomaterials is challenging but worthy to tune for biomedical applications. Biocompatible silica nanomaterials are under extensive exploration but are rarely observed to exhibit flexibility despite the polymeric nature. Herein, a facile one-step route is reported to ultrathin flexible silica nanosheets (NSs), whose low thickness and high diameter-to-thickness ratio enables folding. Thickness and diameter can be readily tuned to enable controlled flexibility. Mechanism study reveals that beyond the commonly used surfactant, the "uncommon" one bearing two hydrophobic tails play a guiding role in producing sheeted/layered/shelled structures, while addition of ethanol appropriately relieved the strong interfacial tension of the assembled surfactants, which will otherwise produce large curled sheeted structures. With these ultrathin NSs, it is further shown that the cellular preference for particle shape and rigidity is highly dependent on surface chemistry of nanoparticles: under high particle-cell affinity, NSs, and especially the flexible ones will be preferred by mammalian cells for internalization or attachment, while this preference is basically invalid when the affinity is low. Therefore, properties of the ultrathin silica NSs can be effectively expanded and empowered by surface chemistry to realize improved bio-sensing or drug delivery.

Microstructure and digestive behaviors of inner, middle, and outer layers of pork during heating.

To investigate the effects of heat treatment on the microstructure and digestive behaviors of pork, meat samples were subjected to a 100 °C water bath for 26 min. The inner, medium, and outer layers were assigned and analyzed according to the temperature gradient. Compared to the raw samples, significant changes were observed in the microscopic structure of pork. As the temperature increased, the myofibrillar structure of pork underwent increasingly severe damage and the moisture content decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Moreover, differential peptides were identified in digested products of the inner, middle, and outer layers of cooked pork, which are mainly derived from the structural proteins of pork. The outcomes of molecular docking indicated that a greater number of hydrogen bonds were formed between myosin and the digestive enzyme in the inner layer, rather than other parts, contributing to the transformation of digestive behaviors.

Rational design of multifunctional hydrogels targeting the microenvironment of diabetic periodontitis.

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease and is the primary contributor to adult tooth loss. Diabetes exacerbates periodontitis, accelerates periodontal bone resorption. Thus, effectively managing periodontitis in individuals with diabetes is a long-standing challenge. This review introduces the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontitis, and analyzes the bidirectional relationship between diabetes and periodontitis. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the four pathological microenvironments influenced by diabetic periodontitis: high glucose microenvironment, bacterial infection microenvironment, inflammatory microenvironment, and bone loss microenvironment. The hydrogel design strategies and latest research development tailored to the four microenvironments of diabetic periodontitis are mainly focused on. Finally, the challenges and potential solutions in the treatment of diabetic periodontitis are discussed. We believe this review will be helpful for researchers seeking novel avenues in the treatment of diabetic periodontitis.

FTO is Associated with Patient Prognosis and Immune Infiltrates in Gastric Cancer and Regulates TGF-ß Expression.

AIMS: This study aimed to examine the associations of FTO expression with prognosis, tumor microenvironment (TME), immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint genes, and relevant signaling pathways in GC. Furthermore, the relationship between FTO and TGF-ß was studied in GC. METHODS: The mRNA expression and clinical survival data of GC samples were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas Stomach Adenocarcinoma (TCGA-STAD). TIMER2, TNM plot, and GEPIA database were used to analyze FTO expression. The associations of FTO with prognosis and clinicopathologic features were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier plotter and UALCAN database, respectively. The R software was employed to analyze its related signaling pathways and the associations with TME, immune cell infiltration, and immune checkpoint genes. GEPIA and ENCORI were used to examine the association of FTO with TGF-ß expression. The SRAMP website was utilized to predict m6A modification of TGF-ß. IHC, Western blot, and qPCR were used to analyze the expression levels of FTO and TGF-ß in clinical gastric cancer tissue samples or gastric cancer cell lines. In addition, a m6A RNA methylation assay kit was used to determine m6A levels in gastric cancer cells. RESULTS: FTO mRNA and protein levels were significantly elevated in GC compared to normal gastric tissues. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis suggested that upregulated FTO was associated with a worse prognosis in GC. Upregulated FTO was markedly correlated with differentiation degree, lymph node metastasis, and clinical TNM stage. GO and KEGG pathway analyses revealed that FTO-associated molecules were enriched in neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, calcium signaling, PI3k-Akt signaling, cAMP signaling pathways, and TGF-ß signaling pathways, among others. The TME score was remarkably higher in the high-FTO group than in the low-FTO group. Furthermore, FTO expression had positive correlations with different types of immune cells and immune checkpoint genes. Moreover, FTO may regulate TGF-ß in an m6A RNA modification manner in GC. CONCLUSION: FTO may become an independent predictive prognostic biomarker correlating with TME, immune cell infiltration, and immune checkpoint genes in gastric cancer and might influence GC progression by regulating TGF-ß expression.

Predictive Factors for the Success of Vaginal Dinoprostone for the Induction of Labour.

Objective: To evaluate factors predictive of the success of a slow-release dinoprostone vaginal insert for cervical ripening. Methods: This retrospective study included 187 women who received dinoprostone vaginal inserts for cervical ripening. The participants were divided into two groups: the transvaginal delivery group (n = 87) and cesarean section termination group (n = 100). The correlation between the parameters present before cervical ripening with dinoprostone slow release and its success, as well as complications and adverse outcomes, was analyzed. Cesarean section predictors and area under the curve (AUC) were compared between the two Groups. Results: There were statistical differences between the two groups in body mass index (BMI), height, cervical Bishop score, cephalic position, time of medication use, and fetal head position at the time of medication use (P<0.05). The optimal thresholds for identifying cesarean section in dinoprostone vaginal insert for cervical ripening were 162.5 for height (AUC = 0.61), 10.65 cm for amniotic fluid index (AUC = 0.6), S-2.5 for cephalic position (AUC = 0.61), 5.5 for bishop score of cervix (AUC = 0.65). The height, amniotic fluid index, cephalic position, and Bishop score of the cervix were included in the same model. The AUC value of the combined model was higher than the AUC value of the single factor. Conclusion: The combined model was a better predictor of cesarean section in dinoprostone vaginal inserts for cervical ripening and labor induction. The success of cervical ripening with a dinoprostone slow-release vaginal insert can be predicted by the factors that can be recognized at admission.

[Differences and drivers of leaf stable carbon and nitrogen isotope in herbs under different vegetation types on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau]. / é’è—é«˜åŽŸä¸œç¼˜ä¸åŒæ¤è¢«ç±»åž‹ä¸‹è‰æœ¬æ¤ç‰©å¶ç‰‡ç¢³æ°®ç¨³å®šåŒä½ç´ å·®å¼‚åŠå ¶é©±åŠ¨å› ç´ .

The natural abundance of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) in leaves can provide comprehensive information on the physiological and ecological processes of plants and has been widely used in ecological research. However, recent studies on leaf δ13C and δ15N have focused mainly on woody species, few studies have been conducted on herbs in different vegetation types, and their differences and driving factors are still unclear. In this study, we focused on the herbs in subalpine coniferous forests, alpine shrublands, and alpine mea-dows on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and investigated the differences in leaf δ13C and δ15N of herbs and the driving factors. The results showed that there were significant differences in leaf δ13C and δ15N values of herbs among different vegetation types, with the highest δ13C and δ15N values in alpine meadows, followed by alpine shrublands, and the lowest in subalpine coniferous forests. Using variation partitioning analysis, we revealed that differences in leaf δ13C and δ15N of herbs among various vegetation types were driven by both leaf functional traits and climate factors, with the contribution of leaf functional traits being relatively higher than that of climate factors. Hierarchical partitioning results indicated that mean annual temperature (MAT), chlorophyll content index, leaf nitrogen content per unit area (Narea), and leaf mass per area were the main drivers of leaf δ13C variations of herbs across different vegetation types, while the relative importance of Narea and MAT for variation in leaf δ15N of herbs was much higher than those other variables. There was a strong coupling relationship between leaf δ13C and δ15N as indicated by the result of the ordinary least squares regression. Our findings could provide new insights into understanding the key drivers of leaf δ13C and δ15N variations in herbs across different vegetation types.

A clade of receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases and 14-3-3 proteins coordinate inositol hexaphosphate accumulation.

Inositol hexaphosphate (InsP6) is the major storage form of phosphorus in seeds. Reducing seed InsP6 content is a breeding objective in agriculture, as InsP6 negatively impacts animal nutrition and the environment. Nevertheless, how InsP6 accumulation is regulated remains largely unknown. Here, we identify a clade of receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs), named Inositol Polyphosphate-related Cytoplasmic Kinases 1-6 (IPCK1-IPCK6), deeply involved in InsP6 accumulation. The InsP6 concentration is dramatically reduced in seeds of ipck quadruple (T-4m/C-4m) and quintuple (C-5m) mutants, accompanied with the obviously increase of phosphate (Pi) concentration. The plasma membrane-localized IPCKs recruit IPK1 involved in InsP6 synthesis, and facilitate its binding and activity via phosphorylation of GRF 14-3-3 proteins. IPCKs also recruit IPK2s and PI-PLCs required for InsP4/InsP5 and InsP3 biosynthesis respectively, to form a potential IPCK-GRF-PLC-IPK2-IPK1 complex. Our findings therefore uncover a regulatory mechanism of InsP6 accumulation governed by IPCKs, shedding light on the mechanisms of InsP biosynthesis in eukaryotes.

Proteomics Clustering Research of ITRAQ Markers in Plasma of AIDS Patients with Different Chinese Medicine Syndromes.

Background: We aimed to distinguish the different Chinese medicine (CM) syndromes of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients at the proteomics level. Methods: We collected AIDS patients diagnosed with different CM syndromes from Weishi County, Kaifeng City, Henan Province, China, including Qi-deficiency syndrome (named QD group) and dampness-heat syndrome (named DH group). Healthy people were collected as controls from Weishi County, Kaifeng city, Henan Province, China. The plasma from three groups were labeled with ITRAQ, LC/MC was used for protein quantitative analysis. Finally, sequence search and cluster analysis were performed. Results: Overall, 27 different proteins were found. Three proteins were up-regulated and 2 proteins down-regulated in the QD group, 11 proteins up-regulated and 13 proteins down-regulated in the DH group. Compared with DH group, there were 7 different proteins in QD group, among which 5 proteins were down-regulated and 2 proteins were up-regulated. When the target protein of DH group was up-regulated, the protein of HC group was down-regulated correspondingly. Conclusion: The significance analysis and clustering of protein results showed that DH group was significantly different from QD group and HC group at the protein level (P<0.05). However, the QD group could not be effectively distinguished from the HC group. AAT, PF4, C-reactive protein and c4bp may be used as potential biomarkers in DH group. Mass spectrometry based on feature selection can be used to classify different CM syndromes.

Synergistic action and mechanism of scoparone, a key bioactive component of Artemisia capillaris, and spirodiclofen against spider mites.

BACKGROUND: Plants have numerous defensive secondary metabolites to withstand insect attacks. Scoparone, which is extracted from the medicinal plant Artemisia capillaris, has potent acaricidal effects on Tetranychus cinnabarinus. Spirodiclofen, derived from a tetronic acid derivative, is a potent commercial acaricide that is extensively used globally. However, whether scoparone has synergistic effects when used in conjunction with spirodiclofen and the underlying synergistic mechanism remains unclear. RESULTS: Scoparone exhibited a potent synergistic effect when it was combined with spirodiclofen at a 1:9 ratio. Subsequently, cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) activity, RNA-Seq and qPCR assays indicated that the enzyme activity of P450 and the expression of one P450 gene from T. cinnabarinus, TcCYP388A1, were significantly inhibited by scoparone and spirodiclofen + scoparone; conversely, P450 was activated in spirodiclofen-exposed mites. Importantly, RNAi-mediated silencing of the TcCYP388A1 gene markedly increased the susceptibility of spider mites to spirodiclofen, scoparone and spirodiclofen + scoparone, and in vitro, the recombinant TcCYP388A1 protein could metabolize spirodiclofen. Molecular docking and functional analyses further indicated that R117, which is highly conserved in Arachnoidea species, may be a vital specific binding site for scoparone in the mite TcCYP388A1 protein. This binding site was subsequently confirmed using mutagenesis data, which revealed that this binding site was the sole site selected by scoparone in spider mites over mammalian or fly CYP388A1. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the synergistic effects of scoparone and spirodiclofen on mites occurs through the inhibition of P450 activity, thus reducing spirodiclofen metabolism. The synergistic effect of this potent natural product on the detoxification enzyme-targeted activity of commercial acaricides may offer a sustainable strategy for pest mite resistance management. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

P-NiFe2O4/N-doped carbon nanotubes/NiFe multi-phase heterojunctions for overall water splitting and urea electrolysis.

The design and construction of highly efficient electrocatalysts for overall water splitting and urea electrolysis are significantly important for promoting energy conversion and realizing green hydrogen production. In this work, we constructed a multi-phase heterojunction through a simple hydrothermal and phosphorization process. The P-doped NiFe2O4 (P-NiFe2O4) nanoparticles were uniformly anchored on the bamboo-like N-doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) grown via a NiFe-alloy autocatalysis. The electronic structure and coordination environment of active species were optimized by the synergistic action of P doping, well-dispersed ultrafine NiFe2O4, and NCNTs matrix with good conductivity, enhancing their quantity and activity for electrocatalysis. Consequently, the P-NiFe2O4/NCNTs/NiFe exhibits excellent HER and OER activities with an overpotential of 111 and 266 mV at 10 mA cm-2 in 1 M KOH, respectively. The symmetrical overall water-splitting cell using P-NiFe2O4/NCNTs/NiFe as both anode and cathode delivers 10 mA cm-2 at a voltage of 1.604 V in 1 M KOH. Notably, the two-electrode cell requires a low voltage of 1.467 V to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm-2 in 1 M KOH solution with 0.6 M urea. This designed catalysts display outstanding reaction kinetics and catalytic stability. This work provides useful guidance for applying transition metal-based catalysts for hydrogen production.

C5AR1-induced TLR1/2 pathway activation drives proliferation and metastasis in anaplastic thyroid cancer.

This study aimed to elucidate the role and mechanisms of Complement C5a receptor 1 (C5AR1) in driving the malignant progression of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). C5AR1 expression was assessed in ATC tissues and cell lines. Functional assays evaluated the effects of C5AR1 knockdown on the malignant features of ATC cells. The interaction between C5AR1 and miR-335-5p was confirmed using a luciferase reporter assay and Fluorescence in situ hybridization, and the impact of C5AR1 knockdown on the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 1/2 signaling pathway was examined. In vivo studies evaluated the effects of C5AR1 modulation on tumor growth and metastasis. C5AR1 levels were elevated in ATC tumor samples and associated with poor survival in ATC patients. C5AR1 knockdown impeded ATC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. MiR-335-5p was identified as an upstream regulator of C5AR1, which negatively modulates C5AR1 expression. C5AR1 knockdown diminished TLR1, TLR2, and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) levels, while C5AR1 overexpression activated this pathway. Blocking TLR1/2 signaling abrogated the oncogenic effects of C5AR1 overexpression. C5AR1 silencing inhibited tumor growth and lung metastasis of ATC cells in nude mice. C5AR1 contributes to ATC tumorigenesis and metastasis by activating the TLR1/2 pathway, and is negatively regulated by miR-335-5p. Targeting the miR-335-5p/C5AR1/TLR1/2 axis represents a potential therapeutic strategy for ATC.

Repeatability of a Virtual Reality Headset Perimeter in Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertensive Patients.

Purpose: The VisuALL S is an automated, static threshold, virtual reality-based perimeter for mobile evaluation of the visual field. We examined same-day and 3-month repeatability. Methods: Adult participants with a diagnosis of glaucoma or ocular hypertension underwent two VisuALL 24-2 Normal T- Full threshold strategy tests at baseline and one additional exam at 3 months for each eligible eye. Spearman, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), and Bland-Altman plots were used to assess the correlation of individual point sensitivities and mean deviation (MD) among three tests. Results: Eighty-eight eyes (44 participants) were included. Average age was 68.1 ± 14.3 years, and 60.7% were male. VisuALL MD was highly correlated between tests (intravisit: r = 0.89, intervisit: r = 0.82; P < 0.001 for both). Bland-Altman analysis showed an average difference in intravisit MD of -0.67 dB (95% confidence interval [CI], -6.04 to 4.71 dB) and -0.15 dB (95% CI, -8.04 to 7.73 dB) for intervisit exams. Eight-five percent of pointwise intravisit ICCs were above 0.75 (range, 0.63 to 0.93), and 65% of pointwise intervisit ICCs were above 0.75 (range, 0.55 to 0.91). Conclusions: VisuALL demonstrated high correlation of MD between tests and good repeatability for individual point sensitivities among three tests in 3 months, except at the points around the blind spot and superiorly. Translational Relevance: The preliminary reproducibility results for VisuALL are encouraging. Its portable design makes it a potentially useful tool for patients with glaucoma, enabling more frequent assessments both at home and in clinical settings.

Research Progress on the Role of Ubiquitination in Eye Diseases.

The occurrence and development of ophthalmic diseases are related to the dysfunction of eye tissues. Ubiquitin is an important form of protein post-translational modification, which plays an essential role in the occurrence and development of diseases through specific modification of target proteins. Ubiquitination governs a variety of intracellular signal transduction processes, including proteasome degradation, DNA damage repair, and cell cycle progression. Studies have found that ubiquitin can play a role in eye diseases such as cataracts, glaucoma, keratopathy, retinopathy, and eye tumors. In this paper, the role of protein ubiquitination in eye diseases was reviewed.