Impact of Modified Thoracic Breast Approach Lumpectomy on Prognosis of Recurrence in Radical Thyroid Carcinoma Patients.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of endoscopic radical thyroidectomy (ERT) via modified breast approach (MBA) with conventional open thyroidectomy in treating thyroid carcinoma (TC). Methods: One hundred patients with TC were randomized into a research group (treated with modified thoracic breast approach lumpectomy) and a control group (treated with traditional open surgery). Clinical efficacy, adverse effects, operative time, intraoperative bleeding, postoperative drainage, and length of stay (LOS) were compared between the groups. Serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels were measured preoperatively and on postoperative days 1 and 5. Patients were followed up for 1-year prognosis, including prognostic survival, TC recurrence rate, and factors affecting their prognosis. Results: There was no difference in total treatment efficiency between the groups, but the incidence of adverse effects, intraoperative bleeding, postoperative drainage, and LOS were lower in the research group, while the operative time was higher in the control group. Serum calcium and parathyroid hormone were insufficient in both groups on postoperative day 1 compared to preoperative levels, with higher levels in the research group. On postoperative day 5, there was no difference between the groups. TC recurrence was lower in the research group, and logistic regression analysis showed that age and surgical method were independent factors affecting prognostic recurrence in TC patients. Conclusion: Modified thoracic breast approach lumpectomy for radical TC is a safe and effective technique that can improve patients' prognosis of recurrence. It is recommended for clinical practice.

In-situ biochar amendment mitigates dietary risks of heavy metals and PAHs in aquaculture products.

Heavy metals (HMs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are two common contaminant groups of concern in aquaculture products. While biochar amendment can be one of the solutions to immobilize these contaminant in pond sediment, its in situ effectiveness in mitigating the bioavailability, tissue residue, and dietary risk of these contaminants is yet to be tested. In this study, we added wheat straw biochar in sediments of three aquaculture ponds with polyculture of fish and shrimps and employed passive sampling techniques (i.e., diffusive gradient in thin film for HMs and polydimethylsiloxane for PAHs) to assess the diffusion flux and bioavailability throughout the culturing cycle. Reduction in HM concentrations in organisms by biochar after 28 weeks ranged from 17% to 65% for benthic organisms and from 6.0% to 47% for fish. ΣTHQs values of HMs dropped from 2.5 to 2.1 and 1.2 to 0.91 for the two organisms with the initial ΣTHQs value above 1.0. The decrease rates of both the concentrations and ΣTHQs values followed the order of Cu > Cr > Pb > Cd, which was closely correlated with the speciation of HMs in the sediments. ΣPAHs values dropped significantly at the growth stage (20th week) and the mature stage (28th week), and, on average, by 34% across all the organisms. Carcinogenic PAHs in aquaculture products decreased dramatically at the seedling stage (12th week), while there was no significant change observed for the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk values. By comparing the freely-dissolved concentrations in pore water of sediments and the overlying water, consistently enhanced diffusion fluxes of HMs and PAHs from water to sediment over the whole culturing cycle were obtained. Our results demonstrated the in situ applicability of biochar amendment to remediating chemical pollution in aquaculture environment and safeguarding quality of aquatic products.