Findings from 2010 Global Adult Tobacco Survey: implementation of MPOWER policy in China.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the implementation of five key tobacco control policies in China: protection from second-hand smoke (SHS); offering help to quit; health warnings regarding tobacco use; the enforcement of bans on tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship; and increasing tobacco taxes and prices. METHODS: Using 2010 Global Adults Tobacco Survey in China (GATS-China), 10 indicators are used to assess the implementation of five key tobacco control policies of MPOWER in China. RESULTS: Overall, 63.3% and 72.7% of adults noticed people smoking indoor workplaces and public places, respectively. Approximately 60% of smokers were not asked about their smoking habits and approximately 67% were not advised to quit on their visit to a health worker. Sixty percent of adults noticed health warning messages on cigarette packaging and in the media in the last 30 days, 63.6% stated that they would not consider quitting. Twenty percent of respondents noticed tobacco advertising, promotion, and/or sponsorship activities in the 30 days prior to the survey. Among them, 76.3% noticed the direct advertising and 50% noticed from TV programs. Although purchasing price of one pack of cigarettes ranged from 1 to 200 RMB, 50% of current smokers (about 150 million) spent 5 RMB or less on one pack of cigarette. The expenditure on 100 packets of cigarettes represents 2% of 2009 GDP per capita. CONCLUSION: The average score for the implementation of the 5 policies of MPOWER in China is 37.3 points, indicating tobacco control policies in China is poor and there is a large gaps from the FCTC requirements.

[Studies on characteristic fingerprints of fat-soluble components of Marsdenia tenacissima by GC].

OBJECTIVE: To study characteristic fingerprints of the fat-soluble components of different Marsdenia tenacissima samples by GC and GC-MS. METHOD: The sample was split in the 280 degrees C injection port, with 10:1 split ratio, and separated on a fused silica capillary column (DB-5, 30 m x 0.25 mm I. D., 0.25 microm film). The temperature program was 70 degrees C for 5 min, 8 degrees C x min(-1) to 200 degrees C, then 5 degrees C x min-1 to 260 degrees C, 260 degrees C for 10 min. The high pure nitrogen was used as a carrier gas, The FID temperature was 300 degrees C. RESULT: There are 15 common peaks in the GC fingerprints of M. tenacissima and they are identified by GC-MS. The analyses on cluster and similarity degree of the finger the crude drugs from various habitats have been performed. CONCLUSION: The method has good repeatability. The GC fingerprint combined with the HPLC fingerprint of M. tenacissim can be used to evaluate its quality integrally.

Analysis of Psoralea corylifolia L. fruits in different regions.

Application of multivariate data analysis has become a popular method in the last decades, mainly because it can provide information not otherwise accessible. The information includes classification, searching similarities, finding relationships, finding physical significance to principal components, etc. Twenty-two Chinese medicinal herbs containing twelve constituents were collected and determined by HPLC. The results were studied by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal components analysis (PCA). It was shown that the samples could be clustered reasonably into three groups, hence corresponding with the typical habitats of Psoralea corylifolia L.

Determination of five coumarins in Cnidii Fructus by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography.

A micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) method for the separation and quantification of the coumarins in Cnidii Fructus was developed for the first time. Within 25 minutes, 5 major coumarins were separated using 18 mM borate, 12 mM phosphate and 50 mM SDS (pH 9.2) containing 20 % methanol. The relative standard deviations of migration times and peak areas were less than 5 %. The total contents of the five coumarins in plants from different habitats ranged from 13.6 to 44.6 mg/g, and recoveries ranged from 96.0 to 102.8 %. The effects of buffer concentration, SDS, pH value and organic modifier on the separation were investigated.