Coal Macrolithotype Distribution and Its Genetic Analyses in the Deep Jiaozuo Coalfield Using Geophysical Logging Data.

Coal macrolithotypes are closely correlated with coal macerals and pore-fracture structures, which greatly influence the changes in gas content and the coal structure. Traditional macrolithotype identification in coalbed methane (CBM) wells mostly depends on core drilling observation, which is expensive, time-consuming, and difficult for broken core extraction. Geophysical logging is a quick and effective method to address this issue. We obtained coal cores from 75 wells in the deep regions of the Jiaozuo Coalfield, northern China, quantitatively analyzed the logging cutoff number corresponding to various macrolithotypes, and established natural γ (GR), deep lateral resistivity (LLD), and γ-γ log (GGL) response rules for each coal macrolithotype. The formation mechanisms of different coal macrolithotypes are discussed from the perspective of coal facies and pore structures. The results show that GGL decreased but GR and LLD increased from bright coal to dull coal. Most coal macrolithotypes can be distinguished based on the established thresholds of various logging curves. However, excessively high or low ash yields significantly affect the validity of identification. The vertical coal macrolithotypes attributed to the peat marsh environment in Shanxi Formation mostly comprise three to six sublayers; dull or semi-dull coals are predominant close to the 21 coal seam, and the bright or semi-bright types usually appear in the middle part. The semi-bright and bright coals are usually vitrinite rich, whereas the semi-dull and dull coals are primarily inertinite rich. For pore structure arguments, the highest average specific surface area (S BET) and the total pore volume (V BJH) are found in bright coals, followed by dull and semi-bright coals; those of semi-dull coals are the lowest. However, S BET and VBJH change significantly for different samples, even though the coal macrolithotype is the same. Therefore, the macrolithotype is not the key factor determining the coal parameters of pore structures. Rapid and effective identification of coal macrolithotypes can help determine the CBM enrichment area, the CBM well location, and the exploration horizon.

Diagnosis and treatment of a case of hepatic mixed echinococcosis infection combined with distant organ metastasis.

Hydatidosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus, which is highly prevalent in pastoral areas. In China, this disease is mainly caused by Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis. Cystic echinococcosis, which is one of the most common types of echinococcosis, is described as swelling and growth of cystic lesions. Alveolar echinococcosis, which is less common, is invasive. Cases of mixed echinococcosis infection accompanied by extrahepatic organ metastasis are extremely rare. Treatment of these cases is complicated and the prognosis is extremely poor. We report a case of hepatic echinococcosis in a 40-year-old Tibetan man who was treated with the hepatic right tricuspidectomy + left hepatic duct jejunostomy (Roux-en-Y) surgical procedure. This procedure provides a reference for treatment of similar cases of echinococcosis. For patients with multiorgan metastasis, chemotherapy is the first choice. This should be followed by possible surgical treatment for life-threatening lesions of alveolar echinococcosis and subsequent chemotherapy. Individualized treatment accompanied by multidisciplinary treatment and damage control surgery could optimally benefit patients with advanced hepatic echinococcosis.

An atom-efficient and practical synthesis of new pyridinium ionic liquids and application in Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction.

New ionic liquids containing (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)-functionalized pyridinium cations have been synthesized by the ultrasound-assisted, atom-efficient, room temperature reaction of pyridine with acid and 3-chloro-propylene oxide, the acid providing the anionic component of the resultant ionic liquids, and under the ultrasound, a clear yield increase results and a dramatic reduction of the reaction time accompanied by an improved quality of the products occurs. Furthermore, the application of new ionic liquids were tested as solvents in Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction, in some cases, good results were obtained.