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BACKGROUND: Global antipsychotic usage, including off-label prescriptions, has increased in recent decades. However, trends in China, particularly for children and adolescents, remain unclear. This study explored these trends from 2016 to 2021 and identified factors associated with off-label prescriptions. METHODS: In this retrospective study, we analyzed on-label and off-label prescriptions based on drug information approved by the China National Medical Products Administration. To identify factors associated with off-label prescriptions, we conducted multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Our study included 48,258 antipsychotic prescriptions, 52.4% (25,295) of which were prescriptions for males. Of these, 61.7% (29,813) were off-label. Over time, the number of antipsychotics and the percentage of off-label prescriptions for children and adolescents overall increased from 2016 to 2021. The use of atypical antipsychotics increased, whereas that of typical antipsychotics decreased. For off-label usage, all of the factors in our study were associated with off-label usage, including age, sex, year, region, department, reimbursement, antipsychotic type, drug expense, number of polypharmacy and diagnoses. Additionally, tiapride (15.8%) and aripiprazole (18.6%) were the most common typical and atypical antipsychotics, respectively. For pediatric diseases, common diagnoses included mood or affective disorders (31.7%) and behavioral and emotional disorders, with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence (29.1%). Furthermore, a depressive state was the most common diagnosis for which antipsychotic polypharmacy was used for treatment. CONCLUSION: In this retrospective study, off-label antipsychotic prescriptions were common, with trends generally increasing among children and adolescents from 2016 to 2021. However, there is a lack of evidence supporting off-label usage, thus emphasizing the need for studies on the efficacy and safety of these treatments.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression level of microRNA-145 (miR-145) in peripheral blood and clinicopathological characteristics of esophageal cancer patients and evaluate its significance in short-term efficacy of radiotherapy.Methods A total of 52 patients with esophageal.cancer diagnosed in Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University were collected,and all of the patients rec.eived radiotherapy alone.The relative expression level of miR-145 in peripheral blood was detected by using the method of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) before radiotherapy.The correlations between the expression of miR-145 and pathological characteristics as well as short-term efficacy of radiotherapy were analyzed.Results In the 52 patients,the relative expression of miR-145 [M(QR)] in peripheral blood of clinical stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ was 3.14 (1.44),higher than that of stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ [1.71 (0.48)],and the difference was statistically significant (Z =-3.002,P =0.003).The expression level of miR-145 was not related with the age (Z =-0.403,P =0.687),gender (Z =-1.179,P =0.238) and history of drinking (Z =-0.389,P =0.697).The expression levels of miR-145 in complete response (CR),partial response (PR) and no change (NC) groups were 3.27 (1.64),1.83 (1.26) and 1.40 (2.51),respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (H =6.567,P =0.038).Conclusion The expression level of miR-145 in peripheral blood is significantly correlated with the clinical stage of esophageal cancer.Its expression level is positively correlated with the short-term efficacy of esophageal cancer radiotherapy.High expression of miR-145 shows a better short-term efficacy of radiotherapy.
