[Therapeutic and prophylactic action of monensin and nicotinic acid in cows with subclinical ketosis]. / Prouchvane na lechebnoto i profilaktichnoto deistvie na monenzina i nikotinovata kiselina pri kravi sus subklinichna ketoza.

Experiments were carried out with sheep and cows on the basis of a limited feed ration--the giving of concentrates was discontinued, and the ration of alfalfa hay was replaced with meadow hay and a monensine supplement (at the rate of 20-25 mg for sheep and 250 mg for cows, daily), and nicotinic acid (at 0.8 g and 6.0 g, respectively). Observations revealed that in the course of 6-7 weeks in succession the drop of blood sugar was reduced, and monensine led to a rise of the alkali reserves of the blood by 27 to 41 per cent. Cows with ketonuria (from ++ up to + positive results with the nitroprusside tests) and hydroglycaemia (blood sugar up to 30 mg) were treated with monensine at the rate of 125 mg, in the morning and in the evening or with nicotinic acid at 3 g and the same frequency for 6-7 consecutive days. The symptoms receded to a greater extent (12.1 to 60 per cent) as compared to the process of self-healing for the same time period. In this respect the effect of monensine was better manifested. It was demonstrated that the prophylactic use of these drugs inhibited to a minimum the manifestation of hypoglycaemia and ketonuria.

[Hyperglycemic and therapeutic action of nontranquilizing doses of xylazine in healthy sheep and cows and in cows with subclinical ketosis]. / Prouchvane khiperglikemichnoto i lechebnoto deistvie na netrankvilizirashte dozi ksilazin pri zdravi ovtse i kravi i pri kravi sus subklinichna ketoza.

Experiments with 19 sheep and 26 cows revealed that subcutaneous and muscular injection of xylasine (Rompun - Bayer at 0.04 to 0.08 mg/kg body mass) led to a dependable increase in the level of blood sugar by 50-220 per cent for a period of 1 to 3 hrs. At the 6th to the 24th hour the amount of blood sugar came back to normal. In cows with subclinical ketosis (ketonuria ++ to +++ after Lastradet's test) and hypoglycaemia (blood sugar 29.7 +/- 4.6 mg%) the injection of xylasine (0.05-0.08 mg/kg body mass) increased the level of blood sugar by 169 to 185 per cent, which remained at a comparatively high level up to the 24th hour. Ketonuria dropped, however, full dusapperance of ketone bodies in the urine was observed in 7 per cent of the treated animals only. It is believed that although there was a pronounced hyperglycaemic effect of the preparation it cannot be applied alone for the treatment of ketosis-affected cows. It is important as an additional means, particularly with animals affected with the nervous form of the disease.