The comprehensive impact of thermal-PM2.5 interaction on subjective evaluation of urban outdoor space: A pilot study in a cold region of China.

Urban outdoor space has a very important impact on the quality of people's outdoor activities, which has influenced people's health and moods. Its influence is the result of the combined action of various factors. Thermal and air quality environment are important factors affecting the overall comfort of the urban outdoor space. At present, there are few research on interaction with thermal and air quality environment. Therefore, a meteorological measurement and questionnaire survey have been conducted in a representative open space in a campus in Xi'an, China. The following are the research results:(1) Mean physiological equivalent temperature (MPET) is a significant factor affecting thermal sensation vote (TSV) and thermal comfort vote (TCV). PM2.5 has no significant effect on thermal comfort vote (TCV), but it is a considerable factor affecting thermal sensation vote (TSV) when 10.2°C ≤ MPET<21°C (P = 0.023 *). (2) PM2.5 is a significant factor affecting air quality vote (AQV) and breathing comfort vote (BCV).Mean physiological equivalent temperature (MPET) has no significant impact on air quality vote (AQV), but it is a considerable factor affecting breathing comfort vote (BCV) when 10.2°C ≤ MPET<21°C (P = 0.01 **). (3) Mean physiological equivalent temperature (MPET) is a significant factor affecting overall comfort vote (OCV), but PM2.5 is not. In general, When 10.2°C ≤ MPET<21°C (-0.5 < -0.37 ≤ TCV ≤ 0.12 <0.5), the interaction between thermal and PM2.5 environment is significant on thermal sensation vote (TSV) and breathing comfort vote (BCV). This study can provide experimental support for the field of multi-factor interaction, which has shown that improving the thermal environment can better breathing comfort, while reducing PM2.5 concentration can promote thermal comfort. And can also provide reference for the study of human subjective comfort in urban outdoor space in the same latitude of the world.

Effects of thermal and acoustic environments on human comfort in urban and suburban campuses in the cold region of China.

In this study, we investigated the effects of thermal-acoustic environments on human comfort in a cold region by focusing on Xi'an in China as a representative city. Four typical open spaces were identified within two universities, with one located in an urban area and the other in a suburban area. Surveys were conducted using questionnaires and environmental parameters were measured to assess thermal-acoustic perception. The physiological equivalent temperature (PET) and noise sound pressure levels were employed to measure the thermal-acoustic environments in the four open spaces. The results showed that the neutral PET was 19.1 °C in Xi'an from March to May, and the neutral temperature range was 14.9-23.4 °C. The preferred temperature was 20.0 °C. Acoustic sensation votes were lower in suburban areas than urban areas. Respondents in urban areas exhibited significantly higher sensitivity to the thermal and acoustic environments compared with those in suburban areas. Sensitivity to the thermal environment decreased as the environmental noise levels decreased. The temperature perceived as most suitable increased as the sensitivity to the thermal environment decreased. Acoustic comfort evaluations were generally higher in colder and warmer environments. Warmer environments heightened the sensitivity to the acoustic environment and this effect gradually decreased as the sound pressure levels increased. Thus, based on empirical analyses, we compared the effects of outdoor thermal-acoustic parameters on comfort to provide experimental data support for further outdoor thermal comfort research.

Carrimycin in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia combined with pulmonary tuberculosis: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is prevalent in immunocompromised populations, including patients with hematologic malignancies, human immunodeficiency virus infections, and chronic diseases. Effective treatment for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) combined with PTB is lacking. These patients show an extremely poor prognosis. Therefore, studies should establish efficient treatment options to improve patient survival and prognosis. CASE SUMMARY: A 60-year-old male with pain in the right side of his chest and a fever for 4 d visited the outpatient department of our hospital. Peripheral blood smear revealed 54% blasts. Following bone marrow examinations, variant APL with TNRC18-RARA fusion gene was diagnosed. Chest computed tomography scan showed bilateral pneumonitis with bilateral pleural effusions, partial atelectasis in the lower lobes of both lungs, and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid gene X-Pert test was positive, indicative of PTB. Carrimycin, ethambutol (EMB), and isoniazid (INH) were administered since he could not receive chemotherapy as the WBC count decreased continuously. After one week of treatment with carrimycin, the patient recovered from fever and received chemotherapy. Chemotherapy was very effective and his white blood cells counts got back to normal. After being given five months with rifampin, EMB and INH and chemotherapy, the patient showed complete remission from pneumonia and APL. CONCLUSION: We report a case of PTB treated successfully with carrimycin with APL that requires chemotherapy.

Determinants of subjective outdoor thermal comfort in an urban historic and cultural heritage landscape in Xi'an, China.

In this study, we investigated factors related to subjective outdoor thermal comfort in the Ancient Ming Dynasty Walled City in Xi'an, China. Environmental data were collected from study sites by microclimate monitoring. Survey locations, demographics, psychological characteristics, thermal sensation vote (TSV), and thermal comfort vote (TCV) data were collected from 639 individuals in a questionnaire survey. Generalized linear regression analysis and path analysis were used to understand the associations between the TSV, environmental and psychological factors, and TCV. We found that green space locations, higher age, and greater subjective well-being and environmental satisfaction were associated with increased TCV. The universal thermal climate index was associated with TCV, and this association could have been affected by the individual's psychological state. Our findings suggest that environmental factors and psychological factors had non-negligible effects on the subjective thermal comfort of individuals located in an open urban area with historical and cultural significance.

Effects of thermal environment and air quality on outdoor thermal comfort in urban parks of Tianjin, China.

The comfort level of outdoor thermal environments is affected by several factors. Previous studies of thermal comfort have generally investigated the main microclimatic factors as dependent variables, such as the temperature, wind speed, humidity, and thermal radiation, but the influence of the air quality has rarely been explored. In this study, we acquired meteorological element observations and conducted questionnaire surveys in Peach Blossom Park, Hebei University of Technology, and Xigu Park in Tianjin. We analyzed the effects of the outdoor air quality and thermal environment on the thermal comfort in order to provide a theoretical basis for comprehensive evaluations of the outdoor environment and the mechanism. The results showed that thermal resistance of clothing and ambient temperature followed a negative step change, where people generally reduced the minimum amount of clothing when the temperature exceeded 28 °C. One unit change in the thermal sensation vote (TSV) occurred for every 11 °C rise in the physiological equivalent temperature (PET). The neutral PET was 21.68 °C, and the comfortable PET was about 23 °C. The air quality index (AQI) and air satisfaction were negatively correlated, and satisfaction decreased by 1 unit for every change of 230 AQI. The transitional season was most comfortable when the temperature felt slightly cool (TSV = -0.70). The neutral TSV was 0.507 in the summer and -0.334 in the winter. Air quality had a significant effect on the thermal comfort vote (TCV) (p = 0.0485 < 0.05). The effect of PET on TCV was highly significant (p < 0.01).

Pathogen Profile of Klebsiella variicola, the Causative Agent of Banana Sheath Rot.

Banana (Musa spp.) is an important fruit and food crop worldwide. In recent years, banana sheath rot has become a major problem in banana cultivation, causing plant death and substantial economic losses. Nevertheless, the pathogen profile of this disease has not been fully characterized. Klebsiella variicola is a versatile bacterium capable of colonizing different hosts, such as plants, humans, insects, and animals, and is recognized as an emerging pathogen in various hosts. In this study, we obtained 12 bacterial isolates from 12 different banana samples showing banana sheath rot in Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces, China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequences confirmed that all 12 isolates were K. variicola strains. We sequenced the genomes of these strains, performed comparative genomic analysis with other sequenced K. variicola strains, and found a lack of consistency in accessory gene content among these K. variicola strains. However, prediction based on the pan-genome of K. variicola revealed 22 unique virulence factors carried by the 12 pathogenic K. variicola isolates. Microbiome and microbial interaction network analysis of endophytes between the healthy tissues of diseased plants and healthy plants of two cultivars showed that Methanobacterium negatively interacts with Klebsiella in banana plants and that Herbaspirillum might indirectly inhibit Methanobacterium to promote Klebsiella growth. These results suggest that banana sheath rot is caused by the imbalance of plant endophytes and opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, providing an important basis for research and control of this disease.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.

The difference in thermal comfort between southern and northern Chinese living in the Xi'an cold climate region.

A year-long longitudinal survey regarding perceptions of outdoor thermal conditions and thermal comfort was conducted in Xi'an, a City in a Chinese cold region. The survey included micrometeorological measurements and a longitudinal questionnaire. The thermal comfort and adaptability of southern Chinese (people from Changsha and Guangzhou) and northern Chinese (people from Xi'an) in Xi'an were studied from the three aspects of psychological, physiological, and behavioral differences. The results of similar studies in other regions were compared with those of this study. Regarding psychological differences, northerners were more adapted to Xi'an's climate than southerners, with an expected temperatures of 20.7℃ and 24.1℃ for northerners and for southerners, respectively. Regarding physiological differences, the neutral temperature of the northern population was 22.12℃, while that of the southern population was 21.12℃. The neutral temperature for the southern population in Xi'an is similar to that of northern people living in Xi'an. Regarding behavioral differences, northerners were more likely than southerners to maintain their thermal comfort by adjusting their clothing when they experienced a change in the outdoor environment. This study not only indicates that there were differences regarding the thermal comfort of people originating different regions but also provided support for fully explaining the mechanism of climate adaptation of human thermal comfort. In addition, this work provides basic data regarding formulating outdoor thermal comfort standards and provided data support for personalized thermal comfort.

Thermal effects of vertical greening with creepers in different life stages on the outdoor environment under a cold climate.

In this study, we assessed the direct and indirect thermal benefits of growing creepers on a building during four life stages (green, yellowish, yellowing, and wilting) based on field measurements of the temperature and humidity, and theoretical analysis. The results showed that the direct thermal benefits of creepers were significant in the green, yellowish, and yellowing stages, where they gradually decreased as the life stages progressed, with cooling gains of up to 8 °C in the green stage compared with the concrete wall, and the insulation benefits were still approximately 1 °C in the wilting stage. Creepers also had significant indirect thermal benefits in the green, yellowish, and yellowing stages, where the best cooling effect was obtained in the yellowish stage, but no significant indirect thermal benefits were found in the wilting stage. In addition, creepers could reduce the ambient air temperature by increasing the relative humidity in the surrounding environment. The results obtained in this study may provide a scientific reference to facilitate the construction of vertical greening in cold regions and to determine the specifications for related applications, as well as providing insights into vertical greening research at the same latitude.

Sleep-improving mechanisms of Jiu Wei Bu Xue Oral Liquid on regulating Glu/GABA balance in insomnia rats based on network pharmacology and experimental verification / 药学学报

This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of Jiu Wei Bu Xue Oral Liquid on insomnia rats combining the methods of network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental verification. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS method and TCMIP, TCMSP databases were used to collect the ingredients and targets of Jiu Wei Bu Xue Oral Liquid. Protein-protein interactions and network analysis were performed to screen the key network targets and putative active ingredients of Jiu Wei Bu Xue Oral Liquid in treatment of insomnia, and then following by biological function and KEGG pathway analysis. Then binding ability for key network targets and putative active ingredients were predicted with molecular docking. The prediction targets were validated in para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) induced insomnia rats with administration of Jiu Wei Bu Xue Oral Liquid (2, 4, 8 mL·kg-1) for 7 days. Pentobarbital sodium induced sleeping test were performed to evaluate the synergistic sleep-aiding effect of Jiu Wei Bu Xue Oral Liquid. Then glutamic acid (Glu), γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) content and glutamate decarboxylase 1 (GAD67) activity in hypothalamus or hippocampus were evaluated, and the expressions of GAD67, γ-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit α1 (GABRA1) and γ-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit β2 (GABRB2) in hippocampus were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot methods. Animal experiments were approved by the Institutional Committee on Animal Care of Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine & Pharmaceutical Science (the number of permission: 2022060802). Results showed that 16 key network targets and 16 putative active ingredients were obtained by analyzing the herbs-ingredients-targets network of Jiu Wei Bu Xue Oral Liquid in treatment of insomnia. Network pharmacology and molecular docking all indicated these active ingredients, for example atractylenolide Ⅲ, showed better binding ability with GABRA1 and GABRB2. Animal study indicated that, compared to PCPA-induced insomnia model, Jiu Wei Bu Xue Oral Liquid remarkably shortened the sleeping latency and increased the sleeping duration, increased GAD67 activity and the production of GABA in hippocampus of insomnia rats, as well as the expressions of GAD67, GABRA1 and GABRB2, while decreased Glu content in hypothalamus, leading to decreasing of Glu/GABA ratio and recovery of Glu-GABA balance. These results indicated that Jiu Wei Bu Xue Oral Liquid improved insomnia symptoms and helped maintain the Glu-GABA balance within hypothalamus and hippocampus, and reduced the excitatory neurotoxicity within brain. The mechanism may due to the elevation of GAD67 expression and enzyme activity, and the enhancement of type-A GABA receptor (GABAAR)-mediated neurons inhibition.

Urban outdoor thermal environment and adaptive thermal comfort during the summer.

The outdoor thermal environment is an important factor when measuring the livability of a city. Residents will avoid intense heat by reducing their outdoor activities, which decreases the vitality of a city and increases the energy consumed for air conditioning. Outdoor thermal comfort has a great impact on outdoor activities; therefore, we need to evaluate and design the urban outdoor thermal environments in cold regions to improve the outdoor thermal comfort level. In this study, we conducted a questionnaire survey to assess the outdoor thermal comfort and adaptive thermal comfort in four different urban forms in Xi'an during July 2019, and measuring meteorological parameters, such as the temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and black bulb temperature. The results are showed as follows. (1) In the cold study area, urban residents generally perceived the outdoor climate as relatively hot during the summer. (2) The participants exhibited psychological and physical adaptations in terms of their thermal comfort. In particular, when the PET was 30 °C, the MTCV was about 1.25 points higher in the later summer period than the early summer period. (3) The neutral PET differs among regions, and it is affected by the climate zone and latitude. Comparisons of our results with thermal comfort studies in different regions such as Singapore and Umeå in north Sweden showed that the thermal comfort is correlated with the regional climate and latitude. The neutral PET is higher in tropical regions. Our findings support the theoretical understanding of adaptive thermal comfort in cold regions and they provide a reference for formulating policies related to adaptive thermal comfort.

Experimental evaluation of the thermal performance of cool pavement materials in cold regions of China.

The local thermal property evaluation of pavement materials has not received enough attention, making the implementation of cool material measures to alleviate the urban heat island difficult. This study aims to conduct a control experiment on cool pavement bricks selection from the local market. The surface temperature difference and change characteristics of 28 bricks with different physical properties (i.e. colour, thickness, size and internal structure) were recorded by an infrared thermal imager and thermometers. Comparative analysis shows that the maximum surface temperature of the light-yellow brick is 7.3 °C lower than that of the ash black one, and the maximum surface temperature of hollow bricks is 5.6 °C lower than that of solid bricks. Thick bricks have a slightly low mean and maximum surface temperatures, and large bricks also have a low maximum surface temperature, but only deep coloured bricks. The analysis of variance revealed that for the maximum surface temperature, the three factors (i.e. colour, thickness and internal structure) have an interactive effect; for the mean surface temperature, only the colour and internal structure factors have a significant independent effect. This paper provides a feasible bottom-up cooling scheme for urban underlying surface.

Field measurement and numerical simulation of the relationship between the vertical wind environment and building morphology in residential areas in Xi'an, China.

The inadequate consideration of the impact of building morphology on ventilation efficiency in many urban residential areas has resulted in a series of environmental problems that threaten human health. The purpose of this paper is to establish a predictive model between ventilation efficiency and building forms in residential areas. First, the characteristics of the vertical wind profile in residential areas were measured using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Second, the wind speed ratio (WSR) at different height levels under the impact of morphological index (floor area ratio, building density, average building height, enclosure degree, height fall, and maximum building height) in the residential area was simulated by ENVI-met. Two kinds of prediction formulas were finally obtained: (1) the average ventilation efficiency at the pedestrian level and (2) the prediction formula of WSR at different heights. The results show that the wind speed (WS) in residential area below 35 m is about 0.6 m/s lower than that in green park. The numerical simulation shows that the mean WSR at the pedestrian level is negatively correlated with each index, and the height fall morphological index has the largest impact on the WSR at different heights. The research provides a reference for the optimal planning and design of ventilation efficiency of residential buildings, especially those in static wind areas.

NFAT inhibitor 11R-VIVIT ameliorates mouse renal fibrosis after ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) with maladaptive tubular repair leads to renal fibrosis and progresses to chronic kidney disease (CKD). At present, there is no curative drug to interrupt AKI-to-CKD progression. The nuclear factor of the activated T cell (NFAT) family was initially identified as a transcription factor expressed in most immune cells and involved in the transcription of cytokine genes and other genes critical for the immune response. NFAT2 is also expressed in renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) and podocytes and plays an important regulatory role in the kidney. In this study, we investigated the renoprotective effect of 11R-VIVIT, a peptide inhibitor of NFAT, on renal fibrosis in the AKI-to-CKD transition and the underlying mechanisms. We first examined human renal biopsy tissues and found that the expression of NFAT2 was significantly increased in RTECs in patients with severe renal fibrosis. We then established a mouse model of AKI-to-CKD transition using bilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury (Bi-IRI). The mice were treated with 11R-VIVIT (5 mg/kg, i.p.) on Days 1, 3, 10, 17 and 24 after Bi-IRI. We showed that the expression of NFAT2 was markedly increased in RTECs in the AKI-to-CKD transition. 11R-VIVIT administration significantly inhibited the nuclear translocation of NFAT2 in RTECs, decreased the levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, and attenuated renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis but had no toxic side effects on the heart and liver. In addition, we showed that 11R-VIVIT administration alleviated RTEC apoptosis after Bi-IRI. Consistently, preapplication of 11R-VIVIT (100 nM) and transfection with NFAT2-targeted siRNA markedly suppressed TGFß-induced HK-2 cell apoptosis in vitro. In conclusion, 11R-VIVIT administration inhibits IRI-induced NFAT2 activation and prevents AKI-to-CKD progression. Inhibiting NFAT2 may be a promising new therapeutic strategy for preventing renal fibrosis after IR-AKI.

Postmortem Distribution and Postmortem Redistribution of Carbofuran-7-Phenyl Glucuronic Acid in Rabbits / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To establish a carbofuran intragastric administration death model in rabbits, and to observe the postmortem distribution and postmortem redistribution of carbofuran-7-phenyl glucuronic acid (Glu-7PH) in rabbits.@*METHODS@#The postmortem distribution: Rabbits were given an administration of 1/2LD50, LD50, 2LD50 carbofuran. Dead rabbits were dissected immediately. Rabbits that had remained alive 2 hours were sacrificed by carbon dioxide (CO2) inhalation and dissected immediately. The myocardium, cardiac blood, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain and right hindlimb muscle were collected. The postmortem redistribution: After giving an administration of 4LD50 carbofuran, the myocardium, cardiac blood, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain, and right hindlimb muscle were collected at 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h postmortem in supine position at 15 ℃ room temperature. The quantity of Glu-7PH was determined by LC-MS/MS.@*RESULTS@#The postmortem distribution: Among the three dose groups, there were significant differences in the quantities of Glu-7PH in different tissues. The postmortem redistribution: There was no significant difference in the Glu-7PH quantities in cardiac blood, mycardium, spleen, kidney, brain and right hindlimb muscle, but there was a significant difference in the Glu-7PH quantities in the liver and lung.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The mycardium, cardiac blood, liver, lung, kidney, brain and hindlimb muscle of rabbits can be used as appropriate samples for Glu-7PH detection. However, it should be noted that Glu-7PH was redistributed postmortem in rabbit liver and lung.

Aldosterone alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by regulating epithelial sodium channel through PI3K/Akt/SGK1 signaling pathway.

Reduced alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) is a major pathological feature of acute lung injury (ALI). Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) plays a key role in regulating the transport of Na+ and clearing alveolar edema fluid effectively. ENaC has been reported to be regulated by aldosterone in the distal collecting tube of the kidney. We hypothesized whether aldosterone regulated ENaC in alveolar epithelium and correspondingly played a role in ALI. In this study we found that the expression of aldosterone synthesis encoding gene, CYP11B2, and ENaC were decreased in the lung tissue of LPS-induced ALI mice. Furthermore, aldosterone alleviated ALI by increasing the expression of ENaC-α and relieving pulmonary edema. Besides, we found that aldosterone upregulated ENaC-α through PI3K/Akt/SGK1 pathway. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that aldosterone attenuated pulmonary edema by upregulating ENaC-α through the PI3K/Akt/SGK1 pathway in LPS-induced ALI, indicating that aldosterone might be a promising adjuvant drug for ALI treatment.

Epigallocatechin Gallate from Green Tea Effectively Blocks Infection of SARS-CoV-2 and New Variants by Inhibiting Spike Binding to ACE2 Receptor

As the COVID-19 pandemic rages on, the new SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged in the different regions of the world. These newly emerged variants have mutations in their spike (S) protein that may confer resistance to vaccine-elicited immunity and existing neutralizing antibody therapeutics. Therefore, there is still an urgent need of safe, effective, and affordable agents for prevention/treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and its variant infection. Here, we demonstrated that green tea beverage (GTB) or its major ingredient, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), were highly effective in inhibiting infection of live SARS-CoV-2 and human coronavirus (HCoV OC43). In addition, infection of the pseudoviruses with spikes of the new variants (UK-B.1.1.7, SA-B.1.351, and CA-B.1.429) was efficiently blocked by GTB or EGCG. Among the 4 active green tea catechins at noncytotoxic doses, EGCG was the most potent in the action against the viruses. The highest inhibitory activity was observed when the viruses or the cells were pre-incubated with EGCG prior to the infection. Mechanistic studies revealed that EGCG blocked infection at the entry step through interfering with the engagement of the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the viral spikes to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor of the host cells. These data support further clinical evaluation and development of EGCG as a novel, safe, and cost-effective natural product for prevention/treatment of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and infection.

Research progress in biosynthesis of podophyllotoxin and its derivatives / 生物工程学报

Podophyllotoxin (PTOX) is an aryl-tetralin lignan of plant origin found in some species of Podophyllum such as Dysosma versipellis, Diphylleia sinensis, and Sinopodophyllum hexandrum. Etoposide and teniposide are produced semisynthetically from PTOX and used clinically to treat several forms of cancer. As a typical representative of new drug discovery from natural products, the production of PTOX solely depends on extraction from plants, resulting in severe contradiction between supply and demand. With the advantages of unconstrained resources and eco-friendly reaction conditions, biosynthesis method has become a trend in the production of PTOX and its derivatives. In this review, we summarize the research progress of PTOX biosynthesis in plants and expound the functions of the key enzymes as well as their subcellular location. The synthetic biology for production of PTOX intermediates in a tobacco chassis is also introduced. Finally, the heterologous expression and biotransformation of PTOX in microorganisms is summarized, which sets the foundation for the efficient microbial production of PTOX using cell factories.

Design, Synthesis, and Herbicidal Activity of N-Benzyl-5-cyclopropyl-isoxazole-4-carboxamides.

Based on the structures of isoxaflutole (IFT) and N-isobutyl-N-(4-chloro-benzyl)-4-chloro-2-pentenamide, a series of N-benzyl-5-cyclopropyl-isoxazole-4-carboxamides was designed by connecting their pharmacophores (i.e., a multitarget drug design strategy). A total of 27 N-benzyl-5-cyclopropyl-isoxazole-4-carboxamides were prepared from 5-cyclopropylisoxazole-4-carboxylic acid and substituted benzylamines, and their structures were confirmed by NMR and MS. Laboratory bioassays indicated that I-26 showed 100% inhibition against Portulaca oleracea and Abutilon theophrasti at a concentration of 10 mg/L, better than the positive control butachlor (50% inhibition for both weeds). A strong growth inhibition was observed, but a typical bleaching phenomenon of IFT could not be observed in the Petri dish assay. I-05 displayed excellent postemergence herbicidal activity against Echinochloa crusgalli and A. theophrasti at a rate of 150 g/ha, and bleaching symptoms were observed in the leaves of treated weeds. The bleaching effect of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii treated by I-05 could be reversed by adding homogentisate. Enzymatic bioassays indicated that I-05 could not inhibit 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) activity, but II-05, an isoxazole ring-opening product of I-05, could inhibit HPPD activity with an EC50 value of 1.05 µM, similar to that of mesotrione (with an EC50 value of 1.35 µM). Detailed discussion about observed herbicidal symptoms is provided in the Results and Discussion section. This investigation provided a proof-of-concept foundation that a multitarget drug design strategy could be applied in agrochemical research.

Clinical Efficacy and Prognosis of Double-Hit Multiple Myeloma Patients with Deletion P53 Treated with Regimen Based on Bortezomib / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical efficacy and prognosis of double-hit multiple myeloma patients with deletion P53 treated with regimen based on bortezomib.@*METHODS@#The ethnical data from 186 newly diagnosed MM patients hospitalized in the Department of Hematology of Harrison International Peace hospital from January 2012 to January 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and G-binding staining were used to detect cytogenetic abnormalities (P53 deletion, lq21 amplification and IgH rearranagement) for analyses of complete remission (CR), overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients treated with bortezomib for 4 circles.@*RESULTS@#In 186 patients, simple P53 deletion was 14 cases, 1q21 amplification and P53 deletion were found in 11 cases (A group), t (14;16) and P53 deletion in 7 cases (B group), t (4;14) and P53 deletion in 9 cases (C group). The complete remission rate (CR%) of above-mentioned three groups was 27.27%, 28.57% and 33.33% respectively, and the ORR of the three groups was 54.54%, 57.14% and 55.56%, respectively, there was no statistically significant difference between the three groups (P＞0.05). The patients with 1q21 amplification and P53 deletion had shorter OS and PFS time (P=0.041, P=0.046). The double-hit patients with 1q21 amplification showed shorter OS time, compared with the patients with P53 deletion (P=0.027). The double-hit patients with t(14;16) and t(4;14) showed shorter OS time (P=0.871, P=0.276) and PFS time (P=0.955, P=0.379) than those of the patients with P53 deletion.@*CONCLUSION@#P53 deletion and 1q21 amplification are an adverse prognostic factor of early recurrence and short lifetime in patients with newly diagnosed double-hit MM.

Simulation analysis of natural lighting of residential buildings in Xi'an, China.

The optimized design of natural lighting for residential buildings can greatly reduce lighting energy consumption and improve indoor environmental quality as well as the physical and mental health of residents. Through the DIALux simulation analysis, this paper analyses the importance of natural lighting factors in the Xi'an residential area and analyses factors such as latitude, date, window position, building aspect ratio, building height and window area. The study found that the winter solstice (December 22) is the most unfavourable day for residential lighting in Xi'an. Considering architectural beauty, building energy savings and natural lighting, the winter solstice is an effective time to calculate the window area of residential buildings in Xi'an. The higher the latitude is, the larger the window area required for the house. From April to August, the influence of latitude on window area is small; from January to April and from August to December, latitude has a greater influence on window area. This paper establishes a regression equation for residential window area in Xi'an and provides calculation tools for architects to use when designing residential windows that provides a reference for the design of residential windows at the same latitude (33° north latitude). Intelligent control strategies are put forward on natural lighting in residential buildings for working class families in this paper. An APP on smart phones is developed to realize the intelligent control of curtains. In accordance with family daily routine, the opening width of curtains is controlled automatically based on room functions and exterior illuminance, through which interior illuminance can be adjusted, indoor environmental quality can be improved and energy consumption of HVAC system can be reduced.