[Neurotrophic regulation of the restorative processes in muscle autografts in vertebrates]. / Nervno-troficheskaia reguliatsiia vosstanovitel'nykh protsessov v autotransplantirovannykh myshtsakh pozvonochnykh.

In frogs, tortoises and rats autotransplantation of the whole gastrocnemius muscle has been performed into its own bed at sewing the nerve to the autotransplant and at its denervation. Fragments of the skeletal muscles are also transplanted into the brain and into the spinal cord in frogs and rats. By means of light and electron microscopy, restorative processes are studied in the transplanted muscles. Acceleration of histomorphogenesis of the muscular and nervous tissues is stated from the lower toward the higher Vertebrata. When the transplants are deprived of the connection with the nervous system, the cause of the form organization process in all the animals investigated is disturbed, however, the nervous-trophic regulation is of the greatest importance in the mammalia. The experiments reveal mutual regulation of the plastic activity in the nervous and muscular tissues, that becomes more intensive in the course of evolution.

[Reaction of intact skeletal muscle on the transplantation of minced muscle tissue]. / Reaktsiia nepovrezhdennoi skeletnoi myshtsy na podsadku izmel'chennoi myshechnoi tkani.

The experiments on rats have revealed that grafting of minced muscle tissue to unaffected gastrochemical muscle of the same animal leads to active regeneration in the graft accompanied by the formation of myogenic elements. In the zone of unaffected muscle contact with the graft the plastic state of muscle tissue was observed: sarcoplasm basophily of muscle fibers, groups and chains of round nuclei in them, the presence of satellite cells, ultrastructural changes, indicative of metabolic activity of the muscle fibers. With the resorption of the graft, these phenomena in the unaffected muscle gradually disappeared.

[Role of neuromuscular connections in the morphogenetic process occurring in transplanted amphibian muscles]. / Rol' nervno-myshechnykh sviazei v morfogeneticheskom protsesse, protekaiushchem v transplantatsionnoi myshtse amfibii.

Totally excized gastrocnemial muscles of the frog (Rana ridibunda) were replanted into their own matrix. The transplants were innervated by the tibial nerve which was specially brought to them or remained denervated. Reinnervation of the transplanted muscles started after 2 months, their contractility being recorded by the 4th month. At this time clear-cut differences in the weight and structure of innervated and denervated transplants related to secondary degeneration of regenerated muscle fibers were noted in the denervated transplants. Similar differences are recorded in the turtle and rat at earlier transplantation stages.

[Comparative analysis of the regenerative activity o the muscular and neural tissues after trauma and after transplantation of minced muscle]. / Sravnitel'nyi analiz plasticheskoi aktivnosti myshechnoi i nervnoi tkanei pri travme i pri transplantatsii izmel'chennoi myshtsy.

Regenerative processes in the body muscle of fish Variocorhinus capoeta sevangi were studied both after the excision of a portion of three muscle segments and following autografting minced muscle into the defect formed. Muscle trauma resulted in a damage field, including the defect and the adjacent degeneration zone. The inflammation, necrotic mass resolution and regeneration of the nerve and muscle tissues were lengthy. Formation of myogenic elements started during the 3rd week only. Individual regenerating nerve fibers in the damage zone appeared 2 months later. Filling the defect with minced muscle accelerated the regeneration. The grafted muscle fiber fragments were not only involved in the regenerative process, but also stimulated the plastic activity of the muscle and nerve tissues of the grafted bed.

[Influence of the nervous system on the process of transplantation regeneration of skeletal muscle]. / Vliianie nervnoi sistemy na protsess transplantatsionnoi regeneratsii skeletnoi myshtsy.

Completely excised Testudo horsfieldi gastrocnemius muscles were regrafted to the same site both with the nerve brought in contact with the graft and under denervation. The restoration of contractility and innervation of the grafts from the contacting nerve started one month after the operation and had not been completed 6 months after the operation. The grafts had a muscular structure type only after the restoration of innervation; otherwise, the connective tissue developed in the grafts. Two months after the operation a significant difference in the weight of the innervated and denervated grafts was recorded. With regard to restoration of innervation and graft weight indices, T. horsfieldi proved to be intermediate between the previously examined rat and frog.

[Autotransplantation of whole muscles in reptiles]. / Avtotransplantatsiia tselykh myshts u reptilii.

Whole gastrocnemius muscles were autotransplanted (replanted) to tortoises testudo horsfieldi, 300-500 g in weight. The grafts were examined 2 weeks to 6 months after the transplantation. In 5 to 6 months the replanted muscles were similar in colour and form to the intact symmetrical muscles, constituting 77% of the latter in weight. Regeneration in the grafts proceeded at a slower rate than in mammals. The separation of myoblasts from the degenerating muscle fibers was intensive during the first month and continued for up to 2 months after the transplantation. Differentiation of myogenic elements into cross-striated muscle fibers and graft vascularization were recorded. Most of the grafts were characterized by a muscle type of structure at the final stage of the experiment; however, the muscle fibers diameter varied greatly.