[Effect of imatinib on the height of children with chronic myeloid leukemia in the chronic phase].

Objective: To evaluate the effect of imatinib on growth impairment in children with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML-CP) in the chronic phase. Methods: From July 2018 to July 2019, questionnaires were distributed to CML children aged <18 years at the time of diagnosis who were receiving imatinib for at least 3 months or to their parents in China. The height-for-age standard deviation score (HtSDS) and the difference of standard deviation integral (△HtSDS) were used to explore the change in height with imatinib therapy. Results: The data of 238 respondents were included; 138 (58.0% ) respondents were men. The median age at the first diagnosis of CML was 11.0 years (range, 1.4-17.9 years) , and 93 (39.0% ) respondents were at the prepuberty stage. At the time of completing the questionnaires, the median age was 15.0 years (range, 2.0-34.0 years) . The median duration of imatinib therapy was 28 months (range, 3-213 months) . Among all the respondents, the mean HtSDS when completing the questionnaires (-0.063±1.361) was significantly lower than that at the time of starting imatinib treatment (0.391±1.244) (P<0.001) . Total 71.0% respondents showed growth impairment that was more common in those starting imatinib therapy at prepubertal age than in those starting at pubertal age. Multivariate analysis showed that younger at the start of imatinib therapy (P<0.001) and longer duration of imatinib therapy (P<0.001) were significantly associated with severe growth impairment on imatinib therapy. Conclusions: Imatinib induced growth impairment in children with CML-CP. Younger the age of initiation and longer the duration of imatinib therapy, more obvious the effect of imatinib on growth impairment.

Imaging features of pure mucinous breast carcinoma: correlation with extracellular mucus content.

AIM: To analyse the correlation between imaging features using multiple techniques and extracellular mucus content in pure mucinous breast carcinoma (PMBC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of available images from 25 patients with 25 PMBC tumours was conducted, with ultrasonography (US), ultrasonic elastography (USE), mammography, and breast-specific gamma imaging (BSGI) available for 25, 15, 11, and eight patients, respectively. Microscopic slides from each tumour were evaluated for extracellular mucus content. The correlation between imaging features and mucus content was analysed using linear-by-linear association chi-square tests or Spearman's rank correlation analyses. RESULTS: On US images, a significant correlation was found between mucus content and echo pattern (p=0.042) and colour Doppler blood flow (p=0.032), with a trend that the lower mucus content present in tumours, the more likely they were detected with isoechoic echo and high blood flow. On USE images, a moderate negative correlation (r=-0.60, p=0.029) was observed between mucus content and tumour stiffness. On BSGI images, a strong negative correlation (r=-0.92, p=0.001) was shown between mucus content and lesion to non-lesion ratio (L/N) values of radioactivity counts. No significant correlation was found between mucus content and mammography imaging features (all p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Imaging features at US, USE, and BSGI correlated with extracellular mucus content in PMBC tumours, among which the L/N value using BSGI imaging is the most relevant feature.

[Advances in osteoradionecrosis of nasopharynx after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma].

Radiation therapy is the first choice for the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, it is inevitable that nasopharyngeal mucosa and tissue will be damaged after radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which will cause corresponding complications. Nasopharyngeal osteonecrosis is a serious complication. Up to now, there are few reports about nasopharyngeal osteonecrosis, and the underlaying pathological mechanism remains unclear. The potential theories include radiotherapy damage, infection and trauma, but also the " three H" principle of hypoxic hypocellular hypovascular tissue, as well as the theory of radio induced fibrosis. It is controversial about the treatment of nasopharyngeal osteonecrosis. It takes comprehensive treatment, including local treatment, systemic treatment, surgical treatment and other treatments. Among them, local treatment as nasopharyngeal debridement usually is first choice. We reviewed the pathological mechanism and treatment methods of nasopharyngeal osteonecrosis, in order to provide a reference for better prevention and treatment of it.

Experimental infection with bovine ephemeral fever virus and analysis of its antibody response cattle.

Bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) is an arthropod-borne viral disease that occurs throughout mainland China. LS11 obtained in the 2011 BEF epidemic was a wild strain, and its virulence and antibody response have never been studied in China. Therefore, the issues were investigated in this work. Experimental cattle were intravenously infected with different doses of BEF virus, and some non-infected cattle were simultaneously monitored. Blood and serum samples were collected from all animals over the course of our study. Infected cattle were challenged for a second time with BEF virus to determine protective period of the antibodies. BEF virus was detected in blood samples from infected cattle, but not in monitored cattle. The neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against BEFV were easier to be detected and persisted for longer periods in cattle infected with higher doses of BEFV than in those infected with lower doses. When the titer of nAbs was equal to 5 or 6, re-infected cattle still could mount a challenge against BEFV. However, after 3 or 6months, when nAbs were no longer apparent, re-infected cattle displayed typical symptoms of BEF. Our findings indicated that vaccination should be performed once the titer of nAb decreased to 5 or 6.

[Present situation of laryngotracheal stenosis' diagnosis technology].

Laryngotracheal stenosis is a complex and dangerous disease,which caused by trauma or endotracheal intubation.Accurately and clearly to show the length and area of the airway stenosis,which is of great significance for the correct qualitative and quantitative diagnosis of the disease and the development of the treatment.The relevant inspection has its advantages and disadvantages.How to use inspection accurate and reasonable,there is no unified standard.Therefore,this paper will evaluate the role and significance of different relevant inspection(pulmonary function tests,ultrasound,bronchoscopy,CT,MRI) in the diagnosis of laryngotracheal stenosis,providing reference for laryngeal and tracheal stenosis diagnosis and treatment.

Mitochondrial abnormality in sensory, but not motor, axons in paclitaxel-evoked painful peripheral neuropathy in the rat.

The dose-limiting side effect of the anti-neoplastic agent, paclitaxel, is a chronic distal symmetrical peripheral neuropathy that produces sensory dysfunction (hypoesthesia and neuropathic pain) but little or no distal motor dysfunction. Similar peripheral neuropathies are seen with chemotherapeutics in the vinca alkaloid, platinum-complex, and proteasome inhibitor classes. Studies in rats suggest that the cause is a mitotoxic effect on axonal mitochondria. If so, then the absence of motor dysfunction may be due to mitotoxicity that affects sensory axons but spares motor axons. To investigate this, paclitaxel exposure levels in the dorsal root, ventral root, dorsal root ganglion, peripheral nerve, and spinal cord were measured, and the ultrastructure and the respiratory function of mitochondria in dorsal roots and ventral roots were compared. Sensory and motor axons in the roots and nerve had comparably low exposure to paclitaxel and exposure in the spinal cord was negligible. However, sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion had a very high and remarkably persistent (up to 10 days or more after the last injection) exposure to paclitaxel. Paclitaxel evoked a significant increase in the incidence of swollen and vacuolated mitochondria in the myelinated and unmyelinated sensory axons of the dorsal root (as seen previously in the peripheral nerve) but not in the motor axons of the ventral root. Stimulated mitochondrial respiration in the dorsal root was significantly depressed in paclitaxel-treated animals examined 2-4 weeks after the last injection, whereas respiration in the ventral root was normal. We conclude that the absence of motor dysfunction in paclitaxel-evoked peripheral neuropathy may be due to the absence of a mitotoxic effect in motor neuron axons, whereas the sensory dysfunction may be due to a mitotoxic effect resulting from the primary afferent neuron's cell body being exposed to high and persistent levels of paclitaxel.

The response of spinal microglia to chemotherapy-evoked painful peripheral neuropathies is distinct from that evoked by traumatic nerve injuries.

Painful peripheral neuropathies produced by nerve trauma are accompanied by substantial axonal degeneration and by a response in spinal cord microglia that is characterized by hypertrophy and increased expression of several intracellular and cell-surface markers, including ionizing calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) and Cd11b (a complement receptor 3 antigen recognized by the OX42 antibody). The microglia response has been hypothesized to be essential for the pathogenesis of the neuropathic pain state. In contrast, the painful peripheral neuropathies produced by low doses of cancer chemotherapeutics do not produce degeneration of axons in the peripheral nerve, although they do cause partial degeneration of the sensory axons' distal-most tips, that is the intraepidermal nerve fibers that form the axons' terminal receptor arbors. The question thus arises as to whether the relatively minor and distal axonal injury characterizing the chemotherapy-evoked neuropathies is sufficient to evoke the microglial response that is seen after traumatic nerve injury. We examined the lumbar spinal cord of rats with painful peripheral neuropathies due to the anti-neoplastic agents, paclitaxel, vincristine, and oxaliplatin, and the anti-retroviral agent, 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddC), and compared them to rats with a complete sciatic nerve transection and the partial sciatic nerve injury produced in the chronic constriction injury model (CCI). As expected, microglia hypertrophy and increased expression of Iba1 were pronounced in the nerve transection and CCI animals. However, there was no microglia hypertrophy or increased Iba1 staining in the animals treated with paclitaxel, vincristine, oxaliplatin, or ddC. These results suggest that the mechanisms that produce neuropathic pain after exposure to chemotherapeutics may be fundamentally different than those operating after nerve trauma.

Laparoscopically assisted versus open surgery for endometrial cancer--a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

There is no clear consensus on the advantages of laparoscopically assisted surgery (LAS) versus open surgery (OS) for endometrial cancer. The present study compared LAS versus OS for patients with endometrial cancer with regard to operative parameters and outcomes. A search of the PubMed, EMBASE, the China Biological Medicine Datadase (CBMdisc), Ovid, and the Cochrane Library identified four studies that met the inclusion criteria for data extraction. Estimates of effectiveness were performed using fixed- and random effects models. The effect was calculated as an odds ratio (OR) or weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Outcomes of 331 patients were studied. When randomized controlled trials were analyzed, OR for LAS was 0.34 (95% CI: 0.13, 0.89; P = 0.03) for postoperative complications and 0.14 (95% CI: 0.05, 0.39; P = 0.0002) for incidence of transfusion; and WMD for LAS was 263.58 mL (95% CI: 467.71, 59.45 mL; P = 0.01) for blood loss, 38.09 min (95% CI: 10.50, 65.68 min; P = 0.007) for operation time, and 3.35 days (95% CI: 3.84, 2.86 days; P < 0.00001) for hospital stay. There was no difference in patients in terms of recurrence and survival. The present study has shown that LAS was associated with fewer postoperative complications, lower incidence of transfusion, less blood loss, longer operation time, and shorter hospital stay. What's more, no significant difference was found in terms of recurrence and survival. When performed by suitably specialized surgeons in selected patients, it appears to be a better choice than OS.

HPV6b virus like particles are potent immunogens without adjuvant in man.

Subjects with genital warts were immunized three times or more with HPV6b VLPs without adjuvant. All immunized subjects had DTH to HPV6b L1 protein. Of 32 subjects, nine had HPV6b specific antibody prior to immunization and 22 acquired antibody with immunization. VLP specific antibody increased following a single immunization in 6 of 8 subjects with low level antibody at recruitment. Complete regression of genital warts was observed in 25 of 33 evaluable subjects over the 20-week observation period. We conclude that immunization with HPV6b L1 VLPs without adjuvant induces immunity to the L1 protein epitopes recognised during natural infection, and may accelerate regression of warts.

Hand-arm vibration hazard and prevention in China.

The status of the hand-arm vibration exposure and action for reducing vibration risk in China is outlined. The survey indicated that more than three million workers are exposed to hand-arm vibration. The vibration syndrome has been reported in sixteen provinces; over ten industries and twenty types of job. The measurement and assessment were conducted on twenty-four types of vibrating tools under normal working condition. The investigation of preventive measures is described, which includes the development of anti-vibration tools, improvement of technological processes, personal protection. A series of standards and regulations involving local vibration drawn up and published since 1980s is reviewed.