Germplasm resources of three wood plant species enriched with nervonic acid.

Nervonic acid (NA) is a very-long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid with pharmaceutical and nutraceutical functions that plays an important role in treating several neurological disorders. One major source of NA is plant seed oil. Here we report fatty acid profiles of seeds and germplasm diversity of six plant species, including three woody plants with high amounts of NA-enriched seed oil, Malania oleifera, Macaranga adenantha, and M. indica. M. oleifera had the largest seed (average 7.40 g single seed), highest oil content (58.71%), and highest NA level (42.22%). The germplasm diversity of M. oleifera is associated with its habitat but not elevation. Seeds of M. adenantha contained higher NA levels (28.41%) than M. indica (21.77%), but M. indica contained a significantly higher oil content (29.22%) and seed yield. M. adenantha germplasm varied among populations, with one population having seeds with high oil content (22.63%) and NA level (37.78%).Although M. indica grow naturally at a range of elevations, no significant differences were detected between M. indica populations. These results suggest that M. indica and M. oleifera have greater potential as a source of NA, which will contribute to constructing a germplasm resource nursery and establishing a selection and breeding program to improve the development of NA-enriched plants.

[Application of Intermittent Lung Inflation Combined with Rigid Ureteroscopy in Treating Upper Ureteral Stones That Were Not Fully Visible].

Objective To analyze the effectiveness and safety of intermittent lung inflation combined with rigid ureteroscopy in the treatment of upper ureteral stones that were not fully visible. Methods The clinical and imaging data of 56 patients with upper ureteral stone undergoing rigid ureteroscopic lithotripsy combined with intermittent lung inflation in Zhejiang Quhua Hospital from March 2016 to October 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.Intermittentt lung inflation was used to change and stabilize the position of ureteral calculi during the operation,so as to ensure the visual field of ureteroscopy.Holmium laser lithotripsy was performed to remove the stones.Urinary tract abdominal plain X-ray or CT urography was performed 1 and 3 months after the operation to evaluate the residual stones and the clinical efficacy. Results Stones were successfully removed after a single attempt in 48 patients.In 5 patients,stones escaped into the kidney during ureteroscopic lithotripsy,and thus flexible ureteroscopy were performed.In 3 patients,a second session of auxiliary procedure was required,among whom 2 patients received extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and 1 patient underwent extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy+ureteroscopic lithotripsy.The stone-free rates 1 and 3 months after surgery were 94.6%(53/56)and 100%(56/56),respectively.No severe complication such as ureter perforation,gross hematuria,septic shock,or pneumothorax occurred during and after surgery. Conclusions Intermittent lung inflation in tracheal intubation under general anesthesia in patients with proximal ureteral stones that can not be fully visible during rigid ureteroscopic lithotripsy was feasible and reliable.It can effectively change the location of stones and thus enable safe and effective lithotripy.It expands the indications of rigid ureteroscopy for treating upper ureteral stones.

Terpenes from Eupatorium adenophorum and their allelopathic effects on Arabidopsis seeds germination (dagger).

The invasive plant Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng. (or Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) King and Robinson) (Compositae) has caused great economic loss in China, especially the southwestern region, and is gravely threatening the native biodiversity. The aerial part of this plant was phytochemically investigated for its allelochemicals. Eleven terpenes (2 monoterpenes and 9 sesquiterpenes) were isolated and identified, which include a new monoterpene, (-)-(1R*,2S,*4R*,5S*)-3,3-dimethyl-5-hydroxybicyclo[2,2,1]hept-2-ylmethanol (1), two new cadinane sesquiterpenes, (-)-(5S*,6S*,7S*,9R*,10S*)-7-hydroxy-5,7-epidioxycadinan-3-ene-2-one (2) and (+)-(5S*,6R*,9R*,10S*)-5,6-dihydroxycadinan-3-ene-2,7-dione (3), and eight known terpene compounds (4, 6-12). The new structures were established by spectroscopic studies such as 1D- and 2D-NMR and MS analyses. Meanwhile, the potential allelopathic effects of these compounds on the Arabidopsis seeds germination were tested. Compounds 3 and 7 retarded the Arabidopsis seeds germination at 0.5 mM and 1.0 mM concentrations, respectively, while other compounds showed no obvious inhibitory effects.