Multilevel-Regulated Metal-Organic Framework Platform Integrating Pore Space Partition and Open-Metal Sites for Enhanced CO2 Photoreduction to CO with Nearly 100% Selectivity.

Rational design and regulation of atomically precise photocatalysts are essential for constructing efficient photocatalytic systems tunable at both the atomic and molecular levels. Herein, we propose a platform-based strategy capable of integrating both pore space partition (PSP) and open-metal sites (OMSs) as foundational features for constructing high-performance photocatalysts. We demonstrate the first structural prototype obtained from this strategy: pore-partitioned NiTCPE-pstp (TCPE = 1,1,2,2-tetra(4-carboxylphenyl)ethylene, pstp = partitioned stp topology). Nonpartitioned NiTCPE-stp is constructed from six-connected [Ni3(µ3-OH)(COO)6] trimer and TCPE linker to form 1D hexagonal channels with six coplanar OMSs directed at channel centers. After introducing triangular pore-partitioning ligands, half of the OMSs were retained, while the other half were used for PSP, leading to unprecedented microenvironment regulation of the pore structure. The resulting material integrates multiple advanced properties, including robustness, wider absorption range, enhanced electronic conductivity, and high CO2 adsorption, all of which are highly desirable for photocatalytic applications. Remarkably, NiTCPE-pstp exhibits excellent CO2 photoreduction activity with a high CO generation rate of 3353.6 µmol g-1 h-1 and nearly 100% selectivity. Theoretical and experimental studies show that the introduction of partitioning ligands not only optimizes the electronic structure to promote the separation and transfer of photogenerated carriers but also reduces the energy barrier for the formation of *COOH intermediates while promoting CO2 activation and CO desorption. This work is believed to be the first example to integrate PSP strategies and OMSs within metal-organic framework (MOF) photocatalysts, which provides new insight as well as new structural prototype for the design and performance optimization of MOF-based photocatalysts.

Design and synthesis of isatin derivatives as effective SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease inhibitors.

SARS-CoV-2 chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease (3CLpro ) is one of the most widely developed drug targets for COVID-19. This study aimed to design and synthesize isatin derivatives to target SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro in a covalent binding manner. Through the process, a potent 3CLpro inhibitor (5g) was discovered with an IC50 value of 0.43 ± 0.17 µM. To understand the binding affinity and specificity of 5g as a candidate inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro , several assays were conducted, including FRET enzyme activity assays, thermodynamic-based and kinetic-based validation of inhibitor-target interactions, and cell-based FlipGFP assays. The interaction mechanism between 3CLpro -5g was characterized by docking. Overall, these findings suggest that 5g is a new potent SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibitor for the treatment of COVID-19.

Protective effects of Lycium barbarum L. berry extracts against oxidative stress-induced damage of the retina of aging mouse and ARPE-19 cells.

In this study, we investigated the preventive effect of Lycium barbarum L. berry extract on age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and the main components responsible for its antioxidant activity. An AMD mouse model was developed by feeding 18-month-old mice with a 1% hydroquinone diet. Meanwhile, the model mice were treated with water extract (LBW) and alcohol extract (LBE) of L. barbarum berries respectively for 3 months. It was found that the retinal structural abnormalities were improved and the oxidation stress and inflammatory imbalance were both attenuated in model mice treated with the extracts of L. barbarum berries. According to the metabolomics analysis of the serum of model mice, LBW regulated the metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids and sphingolipids, while LBE extracts tended to regulate taurine metabolism. On sodium iodate induced oxidative injury of ARPE-19 cells, water extracts of L. barbarum berries eluted with 95% ethanol (LBW-95E) on AB-8 macroporous resin significantly improved the cell viability and attenuated oxidative stress by increasing the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) content, decreasing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, promoting the entry of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) into the nucleus and up-regulating the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. Scopoletin, N-trans-feruloyltyramine and perlolyrine were identified as the main components of LBW-95E. These results demonstrated that L. barbarum berry extracts protected the retina of aging AMD model mice from degeneration and LBW-95E was the vital antioxidant activity fraction of LBW. These findings suggest that L. barbarum berry extracts might be an excellent natural source for the development of retinal protection-related drugs or dietary supplements.

Energy Band Alignment and Redox-Active Sites in Metalloporphyrin-Spaced Metal-Catechol Frameworks for Enhanced CO2 Photoreduction.

Two new chemically stable metalloporphyrin-bridged metal-catechol frameworks, InTCP-Co and FeTCP-Co, were constructed to achieve artificial photosynthesis without additional sacrificial agents and photosensitizers. The CO2 photoreduction rate over FeTCP-Co considerably exceeds that obtained over InTCP-Co, and the incorporation of uncoordinated hydroxyl groups, associated with catechol, into the network further promotes the photocatalytic activity. The iron-oxo coordination chain assists energy band alignment and provides a redox-active site, and the uncoordinated hydroxyl group contributes to the visible-light absorptance, charge-carrier transfer, and CO2 -scaffold affinity. With a formic acid selectivity of 97.8 %, FeTCP-OH-Co affords CO2 photoconversion with a reaction rate 4.3 and 15.7 times higher than those of FeTCP- Co and InTCP-Co, respectively. These findings are also consistent with the spectroscopic study and DFT calculation.

Photochemical In Situ Exfoliation of Metal-Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Visible-Light-Driven CO2 Reduction.

Two novel two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks (2D MOFs), 2D-M2 TCPE (M=Co or Ni, TCPE=1,1,2,2-tetra(4-carboxylphenyl)ethylene), which are composed of staggered (4,4)-grid layers based on paddlewheel-shaped dimers, serve as heterogeneous photocatalysts for efficient reduction of CO2 to CO. During the visible-light-driven catalysis, these structures undergo in situ exfoliation to form nanosheets, which exhibit excellent stability and improved catalytic activity. The exfoliated 2D-M2 TCPE nanosheets display a high CO evolution rate of 4174 µmol g-1 h-1 and high selectivity of 97.3 % for M=Co and Ni, and thus are superior to most reported MOFs. The performance differences and photocatalytic mechanisms have been studied with theoretical calculations and photoelectric experiments. This study provides new insight for the controllable synthesis of effective crystalline photocatalysts based on structural and morphological coregulation.

Manipulating Clusters by Use of Competing N,O-Chelating Ligands: A Combined Crystallographic, Mass Spectrometric, and DFT Study.

Two heptanuclear discs, [Co7 (L1)6 (CH3 O)6 ]2+ (Co7 -L1) and [Co7 (L2)12 ](ClO4 )2 (Co7 -L2), have been prepared by the reaction of [Co(H2 O)6 ](ClO4 )2 with Schiff base HL1 (HL1=2-methoxy-6-[(methylimino)methyl]phenolate) or benzimidazole derivative HL2 (HL2=(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanolate), respectively, at room temperature. In contrast, the reaction of [Co(H2 O)6 ](ClO4 )2 with a mixture of the two ligands, having similar coordination ability but different shapes, resulted in the butterfly-structured tetranuclear cobalt cluster [Co4 (L1)2 (L2)4 ](ClO4 )2 ⋅2H2 O (Co4 ). Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis in real time revealed the {Co1 }→{Co2 }→{Co4 }→{Co7 } stepwise assembly when a single ligand was employed, but when both ligands were used only {Co4 } was obtained, an intermediate of the former reactions. Interestingly, ligand competition was evidenced in the assembly process of the reaction with two ligands; for example, [Co4 (L1)4 (L2)2 ]2+ and [Co4 (L1)3 (L2)3 ]2+ were the primary clusters observed at the beginning of the reaction, but [Co4 (L1)2 (L2)4 ]2+ was the final product. This observation suggests ligand exchange is taking place, and DFT calculations confirmed that these transformations were possible. By varying the ratio of ligands, the abundance of a certain species in the competitive reaction could be controlled.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of the spectrum and outcomes of different histologic subtypes of noninvasive and invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms.

BACKGROUND: Our aim was to review the available evidence to determine the clinical importance of the histologic subtypes of noninvasive and invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) on disease characteristics and overall survival. METHODS: We reviewed systematically 14 comparative studies that reported clinicopathologic characteristics and survival of 1,617 patients with IPMN (900 noninvasive and 717 invasive). RESULTS: The pancreatobiliary subtype was associated with the greatest likelihood of tumor invasion (67.9%; odds ratio [OR], 2.87; 95% CI, 1.90-4.35), harboring an associated mural nodule (56.6%; OR, 2.92; 95% CI, 1.21-7.04), demonstrating tumor recurrence (46.3%; OR, 3.28; 95% CI, 1.41-7.66) and transformation to tubular adenocarcinoma (81.8%; OR, 92.96; 95% CI, 20.76-416.28) among all subtypes. The gastric subtype was associated with the least likelihood of tumor invasion (10.2%; OR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.13-0.26), association with main duct IPMN (19.2%; OR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.06-0.26), and tumor recurrence (9.4%; OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.26-0.83) among all subtypes. The intestinal subtype had the greatest likelihood of progressing to colloid carcinoma among all subtypes. Tubular adenocarcinoma was associated with an increased risk of vascular invasion (32.9%; OR, 4.86; 95% CI, 1.96-12.01), perineural invasion (54.5%; OR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.22-4.34), nodal metastasis (52.4%; OR, 3.31; 95% CI, 1.79-6.14), and a positive margin status (17.3%; OR, 8.45; 95% CI, 1.52-46.83). Tubular adenocarcinoma (hazard ratio [HR], 1.90; 95% CI, 1.36-2.67) had a poorer 5-year overall survival compared with colloid carcinoma and was similar to the survival observed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (HR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.59-2.52). CONCLUSION: The prognosis of IPMN depends on its pathologic subtype. Subtype identification should be considered an essential component in future guidelines for the management of IPMN.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the clinicopathologic characteristics of cystic versus solid pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms.

INTRODUCTION: Cystic pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs) are rare neoplasms, and presently, it is uncertain whether their behavior is similar or distinct from their solid counterparts. This study aimed to review systematically the present literature to compare the clinicopathologic characteristics of cystic PNENs versus their solid counterparts to determine whether cystic PNENs are likely to be a distinct entity from solid PNENs. METHODS: Comparative studies of solid versus cystic PNENs studies were reviewed. Cystic and solid PNENs were compared on the basis of several clinicopathologic characteristics. RESULTS: Seven nonrandomized case control studies compared 152 cystic versus 915 solid PNENs. Pooled analysis demonstrated that the likelihood of PNENs to be located in the head/uncinate of the pancreas was lower for cystic than solid neoplasms (27.7% vs 45.5%, odds ratio [OR] 0.452, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.304-0.673, P < .001). Cystic PNENs were less likely to be functional (14% vs 24.4%, OR 0.405, 95% CI 0.221-0.742, P = .003) and were more likely to be benign/uncertain rather than malignant compared with solid PNENs (90.3% vs 65.9%, OR 3.151, 95% CI 1.297-7.652, P = .011). Cystic PNENs were more likely to have a mitotic count <2 per 10 hpf and a Ki67 index <2% (93.3% vs 72.7%, OR 4.897, 95% CI 2.139-11.209, P < .001 and 82.4% vs 54.1%, OR 4.079, 95% CI 2.177-7.641, P < .001), respectively. Cystic neoplasms were also less likely to have regional lymph node metastases than solid neoplasms (11.2% vs 28.9%, OR 0.387, 95% CI 0.219-0.685, P = .001).In this meta-analysis, there was no difference in the 5-year overall survival and 5-year disease-free survival between cystic vs solid PNENs (92.0% vs 86.8%, P .214) and (98.1% vs 83.9%, P = .185). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that cystic PNENs tend to be biologically less aggressive compared with their solid counterparts; more data, however, with respect to molecular analysis are required to establish whether cystic and solid PNENs were distinct pathologic entities.

Systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the surgical outcomes of invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and conventional pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to summarize the current literature comparing the surgical outcomes of invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN(INV)) and conventional pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) in order to determine the differences in disease characteristics and prognosis. METHODS: Systematic review of the literature yielded 12 comparative studies reporting the clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival (OS) of 1,450 patients with IPMN(INV) with 19,304 patients with conventional PDAC. RESULTS: IPMN(INV) had a significantly lower likelihood of tumors extending beyond the pancreas [27.6 vs. 94.3 %; T4 vs. T1: odds ratio (OR) 0.111, 95 % confidence intervals (CI) 0.057-0.214], nodal metastasis (45.4 vs. 62.9 %: OR 0.507, 95 % CI 0.347-0.741), positive margin (14.2 vs. 28.3 %; OR 0.438, 95 % CI 0.322-0.596), perineural invasion (49.2 vs. 76.5 %; OR 0.304, 95 % CI 0.106-0.877) and vascular invasion (25.2 vs. 45.7 % OR 0.417, 95 % CI 0.177-0.980) when compared with PDAC. The 5-year OS of IPMN(INV) was significantly better than PDAC [31.4 vs. 12.4 %: hazard ratio (HR) 0.659, 95 % CI 0.574-0.756]. The tubular subtype had a poorer 5-year OS and demonstrated significantly more aggressive features such as nodal metastases, vascular invasion, and perineural invasion compared with the colloid subtype. CONCLUSION: IPMN(INV) were significantly more likely to present at an earlier stage and were less likely to demonstrate nodal involvement, perineural invasion and vascular invasion. When controlled for stage, IPMN(INV) had an improved OS when compared with PDAC in the early stages.

Mycophenolic acid derivatives from cultures of the mushroom Laetiporus sulphureu / 中国天然药物

AIM@#To investigate the chemical constituents of the cultures of Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.) Murrill.@*METHOD@#Compounds were isolated and purified by various chromatographic techniques. The structure of the new compound was determined by interpretation of MS and 1D-, 2D-NMR spectroscopic data, while the known compounds were identified by comparison of their data with those reported.@*RESULTS@#Three mycophenolic acid derivatives, 6-((2E, 6E)-3, 7-dimethyldeca-2, 6-dienyl)-7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-4-methylphtanlan-1-one (1), 6-((2E, 6E)-3, 7, 11-trimethyldedoca-2, 6, 10-trienyl)-5, 7-dihydroxy-4-methylphtanlan-1-one (2), and 6-((2E, 6E)-3, 7, 11-trimethyldedoca-2, 6, 10-trienyl)-7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-4-methylphtanlan-1-one (3) were isolated.@*CONCLUSION@#Among them, compound 1 was new, and compound 2 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, and MCF-7 cells, with IC50 values of 39.1, 31.1, 27.4, and 35.7 μmol·L(-1), respectively.

Two new sesquiterpenoids from basidiomycete Tyromyces chioneus / 药学学报

Two new sesquiterpenoids, named as tyromols A and B (1 and 2), were isolated from cultures of basidiomycete Tyromyces chioneus, along with two previously reported 15-hydroxy-6 α, 12-epoxy-7β, 10αH, 11βH-spiroax-4-ene (3) and agripilol C (4). Compounds 1-4 were separated and purified by silica gel, RP-18, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis including IR, MS, 1D and 2D NMR experiments.

A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing laparoscopic versus open gastric resections for gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the stomach.

BACKGROUND: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis that compares the short- and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic gastric resection (LR) versus open gastric resection (OR) for gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). METHODS: Comparative studies reporting the outcomes of LR and OR for GIST were reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 11 nonrandomized studies reviewed 765 patients: 381 LR and 384 OR. A higher proportion of high-risk tumors and gastrectomies were in the OR compared with LR (odds ratio, 3.348; 95 % CI, 1.248-8.983; p = .016) and (odds ratio, .169; 95 % CI, .090-.315; p < .001), respectively. Intraoperative blood loss was significantly lower in the LR group [weighted mean difference (WMD), -86.508 ml; 95 % CI, -141.184 to -31.831 ml; p < .002]. The LR group was associated with a significantly lower risk of minor complications (odds ratio, .517; 95 % CI, .277-.965; p = .038), a decreased postoperative hospital stay (WMD, -3.421 days; 95 % CI, -4.737 to -2.104 days; p < .001), a shorter time to first flatus (WMD, -1.395 days; 95 % CI, -1.655 to -1.135 days; p < .001), and shorter time for resumption of oral intake (WMD, -1.887 days; 95 % CI, -2.785 to -.989 days; p < .001). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups with regard to operation time (WMD, 5.731 min; 95 % CI, -15.354-26.815 min; p = .594), rate of major complications (odds ratio, .631; 95 % CI, .202-1.969; p = .428), margin positivity (odds ratio, .501; 95 % CI, .157-1.603; p = .244), local recurrence rate (odds ratio, .629; 95 % CI, .208-1.903; p = .412), recurrence-free survival (RFS) (odds ratio, 1.28; 95 % CI, .705-2.325; p = .417), and overall survival (OS) (odds ratio, 1.879; 95 % CI, .591-5.979; p = .285). CONCLUSIONS: LR results in superior short-term postoperative outcomes without compromising oncological safety and long-term oncological outcomes compared with OR.

Action mechanism of Zuo Gui Yin Decoction's promotion on estradiol production in rats during the peri-menopausal period.

AIM OF THE STUDY: Although Zuo Gui Yin Decoction has long been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine to treat menopausal symptoms, the underlying mechanism(s) by which these effects are induced remains to be defined. The aim of this study was to investigate the action mechanism of Zuo Gui Yin Decoction on estradiol production in the rat ovary during peri-menopause. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The peri-menopausal animal model was established by natural aging. Peri-menopausal rats were treated by intragastric administration (ig) with low (13.78gkg(-1)), middle (20.67gkg(-1)) or high (31gkg(-1)) dose of Zuo Gui Yin Decoction per day for 8 weeks. At the 8th weekend, the rats were sacrificed for sampling. Estradiol (E(2)) levels in rats' serum were evaluated by radioimmunoassay (RIA). RT-PCR, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were used to determine mRNA and protein expression of relevant genes. RESULTS: Medium- and high-dose of Zuo Gui Yin Decoction could significantly increase serum estradiol concentration, ovarian CYP19 mRNA levels, and P450(arom) protein expression in rats during peri-menopause. Zuo Gui Yin Decoction at three different dosages all could promote FSHR expression and the effect of low-dose was the greatest. Zuo Gui Yin Decoction could elevate LRH-1 and ER(α) expression in a dose dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS: Taken collectively, these findings suggest that Zuo Gui Yin Decoction could promote estradiol production in rat serum during peri-menopausal period through ovarian ER(α)→LRH-1→CYP19 pathway as well as the ovarian classical FSHR→CYP19 mechanism.

[Expression and regulation of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide mRNA in pregnant rat corpus luteum].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression changes and regulation of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) mRNA in corpus luteum during pregnancy. METHODS: Pregnant rats' ovaries were collected at different time points. The techniques of RT-PCR and in situ hybridization were used to observe expression changes of PACAP mRNA in rat ovaries during pregnancy. To further explore the regulation mechanism of PACAP mRNA expression in corpus luteum, luteal cells were cultured in vitro. Immature (25 - 28 days old) female Sprague-Dawley rats were injected subcutaneously with 50IU pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG), and 25IU human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) 48 h later, to induce follicular development and luteum formation. On day 6 after hCG administration (the day of hCG administration was the first day), the rats were killed by guillotine and the ovarian luteal cells were collected. After incubation for 24 h, luteal cells were administration with various factors for 24 h. And then expression changes of PACAP mRNA in luteal cells after administration with different factors were detected by RT-PCR, and radioimmunoassay was used to analyze progesterone levels. RESULTS: With the development of pregnancy, the expression of PACAP mRNA increased gradually, reached the peak at pregnancy 19 d, and then decreased. Compared with control group, platelet activating factor (PAF), forskolin and PMA could obviously stimulate PACAP mRNA expression in luteal cells which were cultured with corresponding factors for 24 h. At the same time, progesterone levels in culture media were also elevated. CONCLUSION: PACAP, acting as a local ovary regulator, was closely related to the maintenance of medium-term and late pregnancy. PAF could directly stimulate PACAP mRNA expression in luteal cells, and protein kinase C (PKC) and protein kinase A (PKA) signal pathways could both participate in this process.

[Effect of zuoguiyin on the expression of ovarian follicle-stimulating hormone receptor in rats during peri-menopausal period].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect and mechanism of Zuoguiyin (ZGY, a Chinese medical remedy for regulating qi and nourishing yin) on expression of ovarian follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) in rats during peri-menopausal period (PMP). METHODS: PMP rats were administered with low (13.78 g/kg), middle (20.67 g/kg) and high (31.00 g/kg) dose ZGY respectively by gastrogavage for eight weeks. FSHR mRNA and protein expressions were detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry respectively. Besides, granulosa cells, collected from pregnant mare serum treated nonage rats, were incubated, and the level of FSHR mRNA expression in the cultured cells were detected after various disposals. RESULTS: (1) Ovarian levels of FSHR mRNA and protein expressions in PMP rats were significantly lower than those in young rats (P<0.01), but were up-regulated significantly by ZGY treatment (P<0.01). (2) As compared with the control, FSHR mRNA expression increased in cultured granulosa cells after treated by ZGY extract; the increasing effect of ZGY was enhanced by combined treatment with Forskolin and attenuated by Genistein (a tyrosine protein kinase inhibitor). CONCLUSION: ZGY could improve the ovarian functions during PMP by up-regulating the expression of FSHR and raise the ovarian responsibility to FSH, which may be possibly realized by activating cAMP-protein kinase and tyrosine protein kinase signal pathway.

[Risk factors of long-term cardiovascular diseases and cerebrovascular diseases in kidney allograft recipients].

OBJECTIVE: To identify the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases and cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) events in kidney allograft recipients. METHODS: We followed up 361 renal transplant recipients who had undergone renal transplantation in our center from January 2000 to December 2003 and evaluated the cumulative incidences and mortalities of CVD complications at baseline and post-transplantation 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months. Kaplan-Meier plot was used to assess the incidence and Cox's proportional hazards model to determine the risk factors for cardiovascular complications. RESULTS: The cumulative incidences of CVD were 3.1%, 5.4%, 9.9%, 13.0%, 18.0%, 21.1%, and 24.1%, 1, 6, 12, 36, 48, and 60 months after transplantation, respectively. History of diabetes mellitus (RR 2.19, 95% CI 1.32-3.97, P = 0.009) and CVD (RR 6.34, 95% CI 3.76-14.60, P = 0.002) as well as the post-transplantation hypertension (RR 1.18, 95% CI 1.02-1.34, P = 0.04), diabetes mellitus (RR 2.82, 95% CI 1.33-7.26, P = 0.002), hyperlipidemia (RR 2.04, 95% CI 1.26-5.17, P = 0.008) and abnormal creatinine (> 200 micromol/L, RR 1.81, 95% CI 1.08-3.21, P = 0.03), and proteinuria (> 0.3 g/d , RR 1.56, 95% CI 1.12-3.54, P = 0.05) were independently correlated with the development of cardiovascular events. CONCLUSION: History of diabetes mellitus and CVD, post-transplant hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, abnormal creatinine and proteinuria are the independent risk factors of the development of CVD events.

[Pathogenesis of post-transplantation diabetes mellitus in 40 renal transplantation recipients].

OBJECTIVE: To explore pathogenesis of post-transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) in renal transplantation recipients. METHODS: A total of 40 renal transplantation recipients were divided into three groups based on oral glucose tolerance test results: normal glucose tolerance (NGT) group (n = 10), impaired fasting glycaemia + impaired glucose tolerance (IFG + IGT) group (n = 16), and PTDM group (n = 14). Insulin resistance (IR) and beta cell function were assessed by homeostasis model. RESULTS: The differences of the immunosuppressive agents used in these groups were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Compared with NGT group, insulin area under curve and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index were significantly higher in IGT + IFG group and PTDM group (P < 0.05). Compared with NGT group and IGT + IPG group, insulin secretion index at 30 min and homeostasis model assessment-insulin secretion index were significantly lower in PTDM group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction may play a key role in the pathogenesis of PTDM.

[Role of platelet-activating factor in progesterone synthesis and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in rat luteal cells].

The present study aimed to investigate the role of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in progesterone synthesis and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in rat luteal cells. Immature (25-28 days old) female Sprague-Dawley rats were injected subcutaneously with 50 IU pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG), and 25 IU human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) 48 h later, to induce follicular development and luteum formation. On day 6 after hCG administration (the day of hCG administration was the first day), the rats were killed by guillotine and the ovarian luteal cells were collected. After incubation for 24 h, luteal cells were incubated without or with different doses (0.1 µg/mL, 1 µg/mL, 10 µg/mL) of PAF at 37 °C (5% CO(2)) for 24 h, and then progesterone concentration was evaluated by radioimmunoassay (RIA); apoptotic rate and VEGF mRNA expression in luteal cells were assessed by flow cytometry and RT-PCR, respectively. The results showed that PAF promoted progesterone production, with a maximal effect at 1 µg/mL (P<0.05); PAF increased apoptotic rate but not in a dose-dependent manner, and 10 µg/mL PAF enhanced apoptotic rate significantly (P<0.05); furthermore, PAF stimulated VEGF mRNA expression in luteal cells, especially at 1 µg/mL (P<0.01). It is suggested that PAF regulates progesterone synthesis and VEGF mRNA expression in luteal cells to mediate corpus luteum formation in rat ovary.

[The changing trends of expression of VEGF and its relationship with the levels of NO in rat corpus luteum of pseudopregnant].

AIM: The expression of VEGF in rat ovaries corpus luteum and its expression pattern were observed to investigate the effect of VEGF on luteal formation and regression. METHODS: The model of immature rat of pseudopregnant was established using pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), the expression of VEGF in corpus luteum was detected by immunohistochemistry, the levels of VEGF in corpus luteum was measured by ELISA, and the levels of NO in corpus luteum was measured by chemistry assay. RESULTS: VEGF expressed weakly in rat corpus luteum on the day 1, and enhanced gradually from day 3 to day 5, then went up to the peak on the day 7, and maintained to day 9. On the day 11, the expression of VEGF began to decrease. The levels of VEGF were similar to the expression of VEGF. The levels of NO appeared like double wave. The levels increased gradually from day 1 to day 5, and peaked on the day 7, then decreased on the day 9, while lightly increased on the day 11, and showed significant increase and reached the highest on the day 13, then decreased the lowest on the day 15. CONCLUSION: There is a intimate temporal relationship between the expression of VEGF and angiogenesis in corpus luteum, VEGF may play a role in luteum formation by improving angiogenesis mediated by NO, NO may play a role in luteum regression as a luteolytic during the late luteal phase.