Intracranial infection accompanied sweet's syndrome in a patient with anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Several reports of adult-onset immunodeficiency syndrome have been associated with anti-interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) autoantibodies (AIGAs). However, it is rare to find AIGAs with intracranial infections. CASE SUMMARY: In this case study, we report a case of an AIGAs with intracranial infection and hand rashes considered Sweet's syndrome. The patient presented to our hospital with a persistent cough, a fever that had been going on for 6 mo, and a rash that had been going on for a week. The patient started losing consciousness gradually on the fourth day after admission, with neck stiffness and weakened limb muscles. The upper lobe of the left lung had a high-density mass with no atypia and a few inflammatory cells in the interstitium. Brain magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid suggest intracranial infection. The pathology of the skin damage on the right upper extremity revealed an infectious lesion that was susceptible to Sweet's disease. It has an anti-IFN-γ autoantibody titer of 1:2500. She was given empirical anti-non-tuberculous mycobacterial and antifungal treatments. The patient had no fever, obvious cough, headache, or rash on the hand. She got out of bed and took care of herself following hospitalization and discharge with medicine. CONCLUSION: Adults with severe and recurrent infections of several organs should be considered for AIGAs if no other known risk factors exist. AIGAs are susceptible to subsequent intracranial infections and Sweet's syndrome.

PD98059 Protects Cerebral Cortex Mitochondrial Structure and Function at 48 h Post-Resuscitation in a Rat Model of Cardiac Arrest.

BACKGROUND: Mitochondria play a critical role as effectors and targets of brain injury in the post-resuscitation period. Although we found previously that the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 inhibitor PD98059 (PD) protects the brain against mitochondrial-mediated cell death at 24 h post-resuscitation in rats subjected to cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA/CPR), it is not clear whether PD also exerts mitochondrial protective effect for a lasting time. Therefore, we examined the effect of PD on brain mitochondria at 48 h post-resuscitation to evaluate the time-effect of PD in the current study. METHODS: Experimental rats were divided randomly into 5 groups: Sham, CA, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), 0.15mg/kg PD and 0.3mg/kg PD. Rats except for sham group were subjected to CA for 6 min followed by CPR. We detected survival rates and neurologic deficit scores, cerebral cortex mitochondrial function by evaluating adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening, and the expression of mitofusin2 (Mfn2) and observing the ultrastructure by electron microscopy at 48 h post-resuscitation in a 6-min CA rat model. RESULTS: PD improved survival rates and neurologic deficit scores, alleviated cerebral cortex mitochondrial damage by reducing MPTP opening and increasing Mfn2 production at 48 h post-resuscitation in a 6-min CA rat model. CONCLUSION: A single dose of PD improved 48 h post-resuscitation outcome and mitochondrial function, indicating the potential of the use of ERK inhibitors for the treatment of brain injury resulting from CA in the future.

Edaravone Ameliorates Renal Warm Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Downregulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in a Rat Resuscitation Model.

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to explore whether the effect of edaravone (5-methyl-2-phenyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol3-one, EDR) can ameliorate renal warm ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) by modulating endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and its downstream effector after cardiac arrest (CA) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in a rat model. METHODS: The rats (n=10) experienced anaesthesia and intubation followed by no CA inducement were defined as the Sham group. Transoesophageal alternating current stimulation was employed to establish 8 min of CA followed by conventional CPR for a resuscitation model. The rats with successful restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) randomly received EDR (3 mg/kg, EDR group, n=10) or equal volume normal saline solution (the NS group, n=10). At 24 hr after ROSC, serum creatinine (SCR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, and cystatin-C (Cys-C) levels were determined and the protein level of glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2), Bax/Bcl-2, and caspase-3 were detected by Western blot method. RESULTS: At 24 hrs after ROSC, SCR, BUN and Cys-C were obviously increased and the proteins expression, including GRP78, CHOP and p-ERK1/2, cleaved-caspase 3 Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, were significantly upregulated in the NS group compared with the Sham group (p<0.05). The remarkable improvement of these adverse outcomes was observed in the EDR group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we found that EDR ameliorates renal warm IRI by downregulating ERS and its downstream effectors in a rat AKI model evoked by CA/CPR. These data may provide evidence for future therapeutic benefits of EDR against AKI induced by CA/CPR.

PD98059 protects the brain against mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and autophagy in a cardiac arrest rat model.

AIMS: Mitochondrial dysfunction has been regarded as one of the hallmarks of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. In previous studies, we have provided evidence that the extracellular signaling pathway (ERK) 1/2 inhibitor PD98059 improved the neurological deficits by modulating antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activities in rats subjected to cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA/CPR). Since oxidative stress can activate mitochondria-dependent apoptosis and autophagy, we further explored the effects of PD98059 on mitochondria involved with apoptosis and autophagy in rat CA model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We disposed PD98059 in CA/CPR rats, tested the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis pathway in brain tissues at 24 h post-resuscitation by mitochondrial permeability transition pores (MPTP), cytochrome c (CytC), BCL-2, BAX, caspase-3, as well as autophagy by LC3, Beclin-1, and p62. Furthermore, we explored the relationship of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) with apoptosis and autophagy. KEY FINDINGS: Our study showed that PD98059 decreased the openings of MPTP, CytC release, caspase3 activation, apoptotic indices, LC3-II, Beclin-1and increased P62. PD98059 also inhibited mitochondria-dependent apoptosis and the activity of autophagy in a dose-dependent manner in rat cerebral cortices at 24 h post-resuscitation. The generation of phosphorylated Drp1-616 was down-regulated accompanied by a decrease of TUNEL-positive cells and LC3 in dual immunostaining after PD98059 inhibited activation of ERK signaling pathway in a dose-dependent manner in rat cerebral cortices at 24 h post-resuscitation. SIGNIFICANCE: PD98059 protects the brain against mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and autophagy at 24 h post-resuscitation in rats subjected to CA/CPR, which is linked with the downregulation of Drp1 expression.

High-potassium preconditioning enhances tolerance to focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through anti-apoptotic effects in male rats.

Imbalances between cellular K+ efflux and influx are considered to be involved in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. High-potassium pretreatment alleviates this injury, but the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear. In this study, we sought to investigate whether high-potassium preconditioning enhances cerebral tolerance to I/R injury through an anti-apoptotic mechanism. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 40/group): a sham-operated group, normal saline group (3.2 ml/kg saline, intravenous (IV)), and low-dose and high-dose potassium chloride (KCl) groups (40 and 80 mg/kg KCl solution, IV, respectively). Subsequently, the rats underwent 90 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by 24 hr of reperfusion (MCAO/R). Neurological deficit scores, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and TUNEL assay were used to assess neural injury. The expression of apoptotic proteins, brain potassium levels, mitochondrial function and oxidative stress were detected to explore the potential mechanism. After 24 hr of reperfusion, in both KCl treatment groups, neurological deficits and the cerebral infarct volume were reduced, and the apoptosis index of neurons was decreased. Furthermore, high-potassium preconditioning increased brain K+ , adenosine triphosphate (ATP), cytochrome c oxidase (COX) levels, reduced malondialdehyde level, improved Na+ /K+ -ATPase, succinic dehydrogenase and superoxide dismutase activities, upregulated anti-apoptotic protein expression, and downregulated pro-apoptotic protein expression. This study suggests that high-potassium preconditioning enhanced cerebral tolerance to I/R injury in a rat MCAO/R model. The protective mechanism may involve apoptosis inhibition via preservation of intracellular K+ and improvement of mitochondrial function.

The incidence of acute kidney injury following cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a rat model.

OBJECTIVE: In the current study, we investigated the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by cardiac arrest (CA) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and whether such an AKI can recover spontaneously in rats. METHODS: We used transesophageal alternating current stimulation to establish 7 min of CA rat model followed by conventional CPR. The experimental rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 20 per group) according to the different time points after restoration spontaneous circulation (ROSC): the ROSC 24 h, ROSC 48 h, and ROSC 72 h group. The diagnosis of rat AKI refers to the 2012 KDIGO adult AKI diagnostic criteria. The severity of AKI quantified by the serum creatinine (SCR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels and histological features of renal tissue. RESULTS: The incidence rates of AKI in ROSC 24 h, ROSC 48 h, and ROSC 72 h group were 65%, 45%, and 42.9%. Moreover, the values of SCR and BUN were highest at ROSC 24 h, and then gradually decreased with the time of ROSC. The histological changes of the renal tissues such as glomerular collapse, renal tubular cell swelling, and inflammatory cell infiltration had also observed. CONCLUSION: The incidence of AKI in rats was high after suffering from CA and CPR, but renal function improved with the prolongation of ROSC time, indicating the ability of the kidney to self-repair.

Interacting Hofstadter Interface.

Two-dimensional topological insulators possess conducting edge states at their boundary while being insulating in the bulk. We investigate the edge state emergent at a smooth topological phase boundary of interacting fermions within a full real-space analysis of the time-reversal invariant Hofstadter-Hubbard model. We characterize the localization of the edge state and the topological phase boundary by means of the local compressibility, the spectral density, a generalized local spin Chern marker as well as the Hall response and find good agreement between all these quantities. Computing the edge state spectra at the interface we observe robustness of the edge state against fermionic two-body interactions and conclude that interactions only shift its position. Hence the bulk-boundary correspondence for the interacting system is confirmed. Since experimental probing of edge states remains a challenge in ultracold atom setups, we propose the detection of the local compressibility by measuring correlations with a quantum gas microscope.

Spatial Rabi oscillations between Majorana bound states and quantum dots.

Background: A Majorana bound state is a superconducting quasiparticle that is the superposition of particle and hole with equal amplitude. We propose a verification of this amplitude equality by analyzing the spatial Rabi oscillations of the quantum states of a quantum dot that is tunneling-coupled to the Majorana bound states. Results: We find two resonant Rabi driving energies that correspond to the energy splitting due to the coupling of two spatially separated Majorana bound states. The resulting Rabi oscillating frequencies from these two different resonant driving energies are identical for the Majorana bound states, while different for ordinary Andreev bound states. We further study a double-quantum-dot setup and find a nonlocal quantum correlation between them that is mediated by two Majorana bound states. This nonlocal correlation has the signature of additional resonant driving energies. Conclusion: Our method can be used to distinguish between Majorana bound states and Andreev bound states. It also gives a precise measurement of the energy splitting between two Majorana bound states.

Superfluidity enhanced by spin-flip tunnelling in the presence of a magnetic field.

It is well-known that when the magnetic field is stronger than a critical value, the spin imbalance can break the Cooper pairs of electrons and hence hinder the superconductivity in a spin-singlet channel. In a bilayer system of ultra-cold Fermi gases, however, we demonstrate that the critical value of the magnetic field at zero temperature can be significantly increased by including a spin-flip tunnelling, which opens a gap in the spin-triplet channel near the Fermi surface and hence reduces the influence of the effective magnetic field on the superfluidity. The phase transition also changes from first order to second order when the tunnelling exceeds a critical value. Considering a realistic experiment, this mechanism can be implemented by applying an intralayer Raman coupling between the spin states with a phase difference between the two layers.

Clinical, pathologic, and ultrastructural studies of progressive macular hypomelanosis.

BACKGROUND: Progressive macular hypomelanosis (PMH), a condition of uncertain etiology, is characterized by asymptomatic hypopigmented macules, predominantly located on the trunk. To date, the study of this disease has been sporadic and there are still no clinical diagnostic criteria. The aim of this study was to investigate the histopathologic and ultrastructural characteristics of PMH, and propose the clinical diagnostic criteria of PMH. METHODS: The Wood's lamp and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy were used to observe the lesions' features. Skin biopsies were used for hematoxylin and eosin staining, melanin staining, antibodies staining of S-100 protein, tyrosinase-related protein-1(TRP-1) and tyrosinase (T311), and also for ultra-structural study. Melanocytes were isolated and cultured from the lesions. RESULTS: Under Wood's lamp examination, the lesions of PMH showed punctiform red fluorescence. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy observation of the lesion showed that its "pigmented ring" around the dermal papillae was intact, but its melanin content was decreased compared with the surrounding normal skin. Ferrous sulfate staining showed that melanin content in the lesion of PMH was significantly decreased compared with the normal skin (P < 0.05). S-100 staining showed that the number of positive cells in the basal layer had no statistical significance (P > 0.05) between the lesion areas (8.25 ± 0.96) and the surrounding normal skin (8.75 ± 1.71). TRP-1 staining showed no significant difference between lesion areas (4.25 ± 0.96) and the surrounding normal skin (4.50 ± 1.29) (P > 0.05), and T311 staining also showed no difference between lesion areas (4.01 ± 0.87) and the surrounding normal skin (4.30 ± 1.05) (P > 0.05). Ultra-structural studies revealed a large reduction in the number of mature melanosome from PMH lesions. There were many membrane-bound groups in PMH lesions with normal appearance the margin, which contained a number of smaller type II-IV melanosomes, which were distributed in clusters. No degradation of melanosomes was present in the lysosomal compartments of PMH lesions. When melanocytes from the PMH lesions were cultured in vitro, the morphology of those melanocytes showed no difference compared with normal melanocytes. CONCLUSION: As a result of the above findings, we discussed and summarized the PMH's clinical diagnostic criteria.

What is the optimal dose of epinephrine during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a rat model?

OBJECTIVE: Because different species may require different doses of drug to produce the same physiologic response, we were provoked to evaluate the dose-response of epinephrine during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and identify what is the optimal dose of epinephrine in a rat cardiac arrest model. METHODS: Rat cardiac arrest was induced via asphyxia, and then the effects of different doses of epinephrine (0.04, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/kg IV, respectively) and saline on the outcome of CPR were compared (n = 10/each group). The primary outcome measure was restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and the secondary was the change of spontaneous respiration and hemodynamics after ROSC. RESULTS: Rates of ROSC were 9 of 10, 8 of 10, 7 of 10, and 1 of 10 in the low-dose, medium-dose, and high-dose epinephrine groups and saline group, respectively. The rates of withdrawal from the ventilator within 60 minutes in the low-dose (7 of 9) and medium-dose epinephrine groups (7 of 8) were higher than in the high-dose epinephrine group (1 of 7, P < .05). Mean arterial pressures were comparable, but the heart rate in the high-dose epinephrine group was the lowest among epinephrine groups after ROSC. These differences in part of time points reached statistical significance (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Different doses of epinephrine produced the similar rate of ROSC, but high-dose epinephrine inhibited the recovery of spontaneous ventilation and caused relative bradycardia after CPR in an asphyxial rat model. Therefore, low and medium doses of epinephrine were more optimal for CPR in a rat asphyxial cardiac arrest model.

[Detection and its clinical value of myocardial bridging with 64-slice spiral CT coronary angiography].

UNLABELLED: To evaluate the detection rate of myocardial bridging by 64-slice spiral CT coronary angiography. METHODS: The data of 3011 patients with suspected coronary artery disease undergoing 64-slice spiral CT coronary angiography were collected and analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: A total of 174 cases (5.8%) with myocardial bridging were detected by 64-slice spiral CT coronary angiography, among which 168 (96.6%) had single foci of involvement and 6 (3.4%) had were multiple foci. Involvement of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was detected in 167 out of the 174 cases (96.0%). The length of the myocardial bridge varied between 5 and 120 mm (mean of 30.5 mm), and the depth of the tunneled artery ranged between 1.3 and 2.8 mm (mean 2.3 mm). Seventy-nine of the cases (45.4%) had uncomplicated myocardial bridging and 95 (54.6%) had myocardial bridging complicated by coronary atherosclerosis. CONCLUSION: Multi-slice spiral CT coronary angiography is a reliable and noninvasive modality for diagnosis of myocardial bridging to allow direct measurement of the length and depth of the myocardial bridge and detection of concurrent coronary and cardiac lesions.

[Diagnostic value of 64-slice spiral CT coronary angiography for restenosis after bypass surgery].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the accuracy of 64-slice spiral CT in diagnosis of restenosis of coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG) and native coronary arteries in patients after bypass surgery. METHODS: Fifty-eight patients receiving bypass surgery with totally 140 CABG (43 arterial and 97 venous grafts) were examined using 64-slice spiral CT. CABG and all native coronary arteries with a diameter of >1.5 mm were evaluated for the presence of significant stenoses (>50% diameter reduction) in comparison with the results by coronary angiography as the golden standard. RESULTS: Of the 140 CABG examined, 38 were occluded and 104 remained patent, all of which were accurately identified by 64-slice spiral CT. The sensitivity of CT for restenosis detection in the patent graft was 100% (18/18) with a specificity of 95.2% (80/84). In the segmental evaluation of the native coronary arteries, the sensitivity of the CT in identifying significant stenosis in the evaluable segments (90%) was 84% (87/103) with a specificity of 74% (384/518). The accuracy of CT in detecting the presence of at least 1 stenosis in the CABG, distal runoff vessels or nongrafted arteries was 91% (53/58). CONCLUSION: CT allows noninvasive angiographic evaluation of both the native coronary arteries and bypass grafts after bypass surgery.

Crohn disease of small bowel: multidetector row CT with CT enteroclysis, dynamic contrast enhancement, CT angiography, and 3D imaging.

BACKGROUND: CT could be used to evaluate abnormalities in the bowel wall, mesentery, adjacent structures, vasculature, and even the activity of Crohn disease (CD). To our knowledge, few direct comparisons of CD characterization using multidetector row CT with dynamic contrast enhancement, 3D imaging, CT angiography (CTA), and CT-enteroclysis (CT-E) on the same cohort of patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of CD using multidetector helical CT with CT-E, dynamic contrast enhancement, 3D imaging, and CTA. METHODS: Twenty-eight patients known or suspected CD underwent CT-E, dynamic contract enhancement, CTA, and 3D imaging. The multidetector CT series images were performed on eight-slice CT scanner. All the examinations were performed when water was used as an oral contrast starting 25 s after 140 mL of intravenous contrast agent was administered, followed by portal venous phase (60 s), and a 60-70 s delay, then sending 1.25-mm slices to the 3D workstation, CT angiograms and 3D images were reconstructed. All the images were reviewed to detect abnormalities of CD. The abnormalities of the bowel wall, mucosal and submucosal ulceration, prominent perienteric vasculature, sinus tracts or fistulae, abscess were evaluated. RESULTS: Crohn disease was diagnosed in 28 patients by CT images, and 54 inflammatory segments were revealed. In active inflammatory cases, the diseased bowel wall thickened and the enhancement of diseased bowel wall increased significantly in 34 inflammatory segments of 22 cases, the enhancement of diseased bowel wall increased significantly but without the wall thickened in three patients. Prominent vasculature was found in CTA and 3D images in 21 patients with active diseases. In 16 patients, the sharp interface between bowel and mesentery was lost and the attenuation of fat increased. Sinus tracts or fistulae were observed in eight patients, four of 28 patients demonstrated abscesses, all were active inflammatory patients. In three chronic inflammatory patients, normal bowel, bowel lumen stricture, and the normal enhancement of the wall were displayed. CONCLUSION: The abnormalities of CD and its complications can be identified by multidetector CT with CT-E, dynamic enhancement, CTA, and 3D imaging, and they are important methods in diagnosing CD. Complications of CD can be shown better when CT-E is performed.

Grading of rabbit skeletal muscle trauma by diffusion tensor imaging and tractography on magnetic resonance imaging.

OBJECTIVE: To distinguish the edema, injury, or rupture in the traumatic skeletal muscle fiber in vivo using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and tractography on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: The skeletal muscle trauma models were made in 4 rabbits (eight hindlimbs) by iron discus (weight 1.0 kg, diameter 6 cm) falling down vertically from 45 cm height to rabbits' thighs. Conventional sequences and two-dimensional (2D) diffusion-weighted (DW) spin-echo (SE) echo planar imaging (EPI) sequence with fat suppression (b = 600 s/mm2) were performed on 1. 5T MRI scanner. The grading of edema, injury, and fiber rupture in the damaged muscle were made according to their histopathological views, which was consistent with the images. The mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and fractional anisotropy (FA) values were measured from the region of interests (ROIs) of all groups on 2D DW images used for tractography. Analysis of variance test was performed to analyze all data. RESULTS: ADC values of the areas in normal muscle, edema muscle, injury muscle, and ruptured muscle were (6.12 +/- 1.34) x 10(-3), (6.38 +/- 1.30) x 10(-3), (8.06 +/- 0.97) x 10(-3), and (9.57 +/- 0.93) x 10(-3) mm2/s, respectively. There was significant difference among groups (P < 0.001), but no difference between edema muscle and normal muscle group (P > 0.05). The FA values of normal muscle, edema muscle, injury muscle, and ruptured muscle were 0.42 +/- 0.12, 0.36 +/- 0.12, 0.26 +/- 0.09, 0.12 +/- 0.08, respectively, with a significant difference among groups (P < 0.001). In the edema muscle, the tracking cross-fiber could be seen but it decreased slightly. In the injury muscle, the tracking fiber decreased markedly. In the ruptured muscle, the transverse-orientation tracking fiber vanished, yet some interrupted longitudinal-orientation tracking fiber could be found. CONCLUSION: The edema, injury, and rupture of muscle fiber in rabbit damaged skeletal muscle can be verified according to the ADC and the FA on DTI and tractography.

[Study of preoperative MRI staging of tongue carcinoma in relation to pathological findings].

OBJECTIVE: To study the features of tongue carcinoma in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the value of MRI in the preoperative clinical staging of malignancy. METHODS: Thirty-nine patients with tongue carcinoma underwent MRI examination, the findings of which were analyzed for staging of the tumors in comparison with the pathological findings. RESULTS: MRI showed good performance in displaying tumor invasion, invasion depth and extension but failed in distinguishing and qualitative identification of the lymph nodes less than 1 cm. The sensitivity of MRI for clinical staging of T1, T2, T3, and T4 primary tumors, in accordance with tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging system, was 100%, 83.3%, 90.9% and 82.6% with specificity of 73.5%, 83.5%, 63.6% and 82.6%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for diagnosis of the lymph nodes were 60.8%, 75.0%, 77.8% and 76.2%, respectively. The sensitivity of MRI for the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging was 100%, 85.7%, 92.3% and 88.9%, respectively for stage I, II, III and IV tumors, with specificity of 66.7%, 76.3%, 76.9% and 77.8%, respectively. Lymph nodes metastasis occurred in 0%, 37.5%, 81.6% and 88.2% of the cases with tumor invasion depth of less than 3, 3-6, 6-9 and more than 9 mm respectively, without any significant differences between the latter 2 groups of cases (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: MRI offers important evidence for TNM and AJCC staging of tongue carcinoma, and the MRI features in conjunction with clinical manifestations and tumor invasion depth are instrumental in improving the accuracy of preoperative staging of the tumors.