Insights into comparative genomics, structural features, and phylogenetic relationship of species from Eurasian Aster and its related genera (Asteraceae: Astereae) based on complete chloroplast genome.

Aster L. is an economically and phylogenetically important genus in the tribe Astereae. Here, the complete plastomes of the eight Aster species were assembled and characterized using next-generation sequencing datasets. The results indicated the complete plastomes of Aster had a quadripartite structure. These genomes were 152,045-152,729 bp in length and contained 132-133 genes, including 87 protein-coding genes, 37-38 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. Expansion or contraction of inverted repeat regions and forward, palindromic, complement, and reverse repeats were detected in the eight Aster species. Additionally, our analyses showed the richest type of simple sequence repeats was A/T mononucleotides, and 14 highly variable regions were discovered by analyzing the border regions, sequence divergence, and hotspots. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that 27 species in Astereae were clustered into six clades, i.e., A to D, North American, and outgroup clades, and supported that the genera Heteropappus, Kalimeris, and Heteroplexis are nested within Aster. The results indicated the clades B to D might be considered as genera. Divergence time estimate showed the clades A, B, C, and D diverged at 23.15 Mya, 15.13 Mya, 24.29 Mya, and 21.66 Mya, respectively. These results shed light on the phylogenetic relationships of Aster and provided new information on species identification of Aster and its related genera.

Data mining algorithm in the identification of accounting fraud by smart city information technology.

The identification of accounting fraud is an important measure to safeguard the interests of stakeholders and ensure the long-term development of the company. The current traditional methods for identifying accounting fraud rely on manual review and judgment, lacking objectivity and accuracy. In order to improve the accuracy of accounting fraud identification, improve identification efficiency and objectivity, this article combines smart city information technology to conduct in-depth research on data mining algorithms for accounting fraud identification. This article first provides a brief overview of smart cities and information technology, then introduces the basic theory of accounting fraud identification, and finally implements accounting fraud identification through k-means clustering mining algorithm. The data is divided into k clusters, and abnormal clusters are identified by checking the characteristics and attributes of each cluster. Compared with traditional rule-based and pattern based methods, this approach can more flexibly adapt to different types and forms of fraud, and can discover unknown patterns of fraud. In the experiment, this article used electronic data collection, analysis, and retrieval systems on the websites of the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange to collect 641 annual reports and financial characteristics from 62 listed companies that engaged in financial statement fraud and 84 companies that were not reported to have financial statement fraud from 2012 to 2021 as test samples. The results were tested and analyzed from several aspects, including the number of misjudgments, misjudgment rate, and ROC curve. The final test results show that compared to traditional accounting fraud identification methods, the comprehensive misjudgment rate of data mining algorithms based on smart cities has decreased by 3 %. The conclusion indicates that data mining algorithms used in smart city information technology to identify accounting fraud can help improve the accuracy of accounting fraud, improve audit objectivity and effectiveness.

Transdifferentiation of fibroblasts into muscle cells to constitute cultured meat with tunable intramuscular fat deposition.

Current studies on cultured meat mainly focus on the muscle tissue reconstruction in vitro, but lack the formation of intramuscular fat, which is a crucial factor in determining taste, texture, and nutritional contents. Therefore, incorporating fat into cultured meat is of superior value. In this study, we employed the myogenic/lipogenic transdifferentiation of chicken fibroblasts in 3D to produce muscle mass and deposit fat into the same cells without the co-culture or mixture of different cells or fat substances. The immortalized chicken embryonic fibroblasts were implanted into the hydrogel scaffold, and the cell proliferation and myogenic transdifferentiation were conducted in 3D to produce the whole-cut meat mimics. Compared to 2D, cells grown in 3D matrix showed elevated myogenesis and collagen production. We further induced fat deposition in the transdifferentiated muscle cells and the triglyceride content could be manipulated to match and exceed the levels of chicken meat. The gene expression analysis indicated that both lineage-specific and multifunctional signalings could contribute to the generation of muscle/fat matrix. Overall, we were able to precisely modulate muscle, fat, and extracellular matrix contents according to balanced or specialized meat preferences. These findings provide new avenues for customized cultured meat production with desired intramuscular fat contents that can be tailored to meet the diverse demands of consumers.

Buffering or boosting? The dynamic curvilinear relationship between work-related use of information and communication technologies after-hours and wok procrastination.

Work-related use of information and communication technologies after-hours (W_ICTs) blurs the boundaries between work and non-work domains, representing a typical boundary-crossing behavior that affects employees' lives and organizational development. Drawing on the Job Demands-Resources theory, this study develops a dynamic curvilinear model of the impact of W_ICTs on work procrastination, considering intrinsic motivation (self-efficacy and enjoyment) and regulatory focus (prevention focus). Empirical testing of the research hypotheses is conducted through a survey involving 817 employees with standard working hours (e.g. 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.). The results indicate that W_ICTs can be regarded as both inhibitors and promoters, with a U-shaped impact on work procrastination and an inverted U-shaped effect on self-efficacy and enjoyment. The mediating roles of self-efficacy and enjoyment are significant. Moreover, prevention focus moderates the relationship between W_ICTs and enjoyment, whereas the moderating effect between W_ICTs and self-efficacy is insignificant. This dynamic curvilinear relationship may explain the inconsistent results of prior studies regarding the relationship between W_ICTs and employees' negative behaviors. It contributes to expanding research on the outcomes of W_ICTs and the antecedents of work procrastination. Moreover, the proposed influence mechanism between W_ICTs and work procrastination has not been established from the perspective of intrinsic motivation and prevention focus. Hence, this study responds to scholars' calls and adds to the existing research on how W_ICTs affect work procrastination. These research findings enhance the current understanding of the effects of W_ICTs and offer valuable insights for organizations to effectively manage W_ICTs and address work procrastination behavior in practice.

Genome-Wide Analysis of the SAUR Gene Family and Its Expression Profiles in Response to Salt Stress in Santalum album.

The SAUR (small auxin-up RNA) family constitutes a category of genes that promptly respond to the hormone auxin and play a pivotal role in diverse biological processes encompassing plant growth and the response to abiotic stress. Santalum album L., a semi-parasitic evergreen tree, is renowned for its economically valuable essential oils, positioning it among the most prized tree species. In this study, a meticulous identification and comprehensive analysis of 43 SAUR genes was conducted within S. album. Based on phylogenetic relationships, the SaSAUR genes were systematically categorized into five groups. A collinearity analysis revealed intriguing insights, disclosing 14 segmental duplications and 9 tandem duplications within the SaSAUR genes, emphasizing the pivotal role of duplication in the expansion of this gene family. Noteworthy variations in the expression levels of SaSAUR genes were observed by delving into the SaSAUR transcriptome data from various tissues, including leaves, roots, and heartwood, as well as under salt-stress conditions. Notably, SaSAUR08 and SaSAUR13 were significantly upregulated in heartwood compared with roots and leaves, while SaSAUR18 was markedly more expressed in roots compared with heartwood and leaves. Furthermore, SaSAUR27 and SaSAUR28 were found to respond closely to salt stress, hinting at their potential involvement in the salt-stress response mechanism. This research offers a comprehensive investigation of SAUR genes in S. album and establishes a foundation for future exploration of the SAUR gene family, particularly its relation to growth and salt-stress responses.

A new species, Aster yaoshanensis (Asteracae, Astereae), from Guangxi (China), based on morphology and molecular phylogenetic data.

Aster yaoshanensis sp. nov., a new species of the family Asteraceae is here described and illustrated. The species is presently known only from rock crevices of mountain valleys in Dayaoshan National Nature Reserve, Guangxi autonomous region, China. Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS sequences and complete plastome data have shown that this new species is a member of genus Aster with high support. Morphologically, it mostly resembles A. jishouensis, but it can be easily distinguished from the latter by bract indumentum (glabrous except margin ciliate vs. villous especially on veins abaxially, glabrous adaxially) and color (green vs. purple), shorter corolla (3.2-3.5 mm vs. 4.5-5.3 mm), bract stalk (obvious, ca.1.2 mm vs. sessile), and different distribution (Guangxi vs. Hunan). The detailed description, distribution map, and photos are provided. This study further elucidates the species identification, phylogeny and characteristic evolution of Aster.

Risk factors of transient and permanent hypoparathyroidism after thyroidectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative hypoparathyroidism (hypoPT) is a common complication following thyroid surgery. However, current research findings on the risk factors for post-thyroid surgery hypoPT are not entirely consistent, and the same risk factors may have different impacts on transient and permanent hypoPT. Therefore, there is a need for a comprehensive study to summarize and explore the risk factors for both transient and permanent hypoPT after thyroid surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two databases (PubMed and Embase) were searched from inception to 2024. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to rate study quality. Pooled odds ratios (OR) were used to calculate the relationship of each risk factor with transient and permanent hypoPT. Subgroup analyses were conducted for hypoPT with different definition-time (6 or 12 mo). Publication bias was assessed using Begg's test, and Egger's test. RESULTS: A total of 19 risk factors from the 93 studies were included in the analysis. Among them, sex and parathyroid autotransplantation were the most frequently reported risk factors. Meta-analysis demonstrated that sex (female vs. male), cN stage, central neck dissection, lateral neck dissection, extent of central neck dissection (bilateral vs. unilateral), surgery (total thyroidectomy (TT) vs. lobectomy), surgery type (TT vs. sub-TT), incidental parathyroidectomy, and pathology (cancer vs. benign) were significantly associated with transient and permanent hypoPT. Preoperative calcium and parathyroid autotransplantation were only identified as risk factors for transient hypoPT. Additionally, node metastasis and parathyroid in specimen were associated with permanent hypoPT. CONCLUSION: The highest risk of hypoPT occurs in female thyroid cancer patients with lymph node metastasis undergoing TT combined with neck dissection. The key to preventing postoperative hypoPT lies in the selection of surgical approach and intraoperative protection.

Micromonas, a small pigmented flagellate, predominates the nanoflagellate and photosynthetic picoeukaryote communities in the northern South China Sea.

A small pigmented flagellate, Micromonas, is prevalently distributed in coastal and pelagic waters. However, there have been few studies conducted to quantify their abundance in the marginal seas of the Northwest Pacific Ocean. In this study, we used fluorescent in situ hybridization with tyramide signal amplification (TSA-FISH) to reveal the spatial distribution of Micromonas in the northern South China Sea (SCS). On average, the abundance of Micromonas was 317 cells mL-1, with the average proportions in the nanoflagellates (NF) and photosynthetic picoeukaryotes (PPE) communities being 10.94% and 15.39%, respectively. This indicates a wide distribution and dominance of this genus in the studied area. The relationships between Micromonas abundance and various environmental factors suggested that biotic correlations play more important roles than physicochemical filtering on Micromonas assemblage. This may indicate a broad environmental adaptation spectrum of this genus through its flexibility in terms of resource acquisition strategies. In summary, this study provides insight into the spatial distribution pattern of Micromonas and highlights its crucial contribution to the composition of NFs and PPE communities, which rely on biological interaction to respond to the changing environmental conditions in the northern SCS.

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio on admission predicts early perihematomal edema growth after intracerebral hemorrhage.

Poor functional outcome is associated with perihematomal edema (PHE) expansion after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The inflammatory response is crucial for the onset and progression of PHE. This study aimed to determine the connection between admission neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and early PHE development. We retrospectively analyzed patients with ICH admitted to the Chaohu Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2021 to December 2022. The primary outcome measure was absolute PHE, defined as the volume of the follow-up PHE minus admission PHE. A semiautomated measurement tool (3D Slicer) was used to calculate the volumes of cerebral hematoma and cerebral edema. Spearman's correlation analysis determined the relationship between NLR and absolute PHE. The multiple linear regression model was constructed to analyze the predictive relation of admission NLR on early PHE expansion. A total of 117 patients were included. The median hematoma and PHE volumes on admission were 9.38 mL (interquartile range [IQR], 4.53-19.54) and 3.54 mL (IQR, 1.33-7.1), respectively. The median absolute PHE was 2.26 mL (IQR, 1.25-4.23), and the median NLR was 3.10 (IQR, 2.26-3.86). Spearman's correlation test showed a positive correlation between admission NLR and absolute PHE (r = .548, P < .001). Multiple linear regression analyses suggested that for every 1-unit increase in admission NLR (B = .176, SE = .043, Beta = .275, P < .001), there was a 0.176 mL increase in absolute PHE. Admission neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) significantly and positively predicted early perihematomal edema (PHE) expansion.

A new species of Paraputo Laing (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) on Fagaceae from southern China.

A new species of mealybug (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae), Paraputo nanlingensis Li & Wu, sp. n., is recorded on Fagaceae from Guangdong Province, China. The adult female is described and illustrated, and an identification key is provided to separate the adult females of Paraputo species known from China.

A review of the genus Neogreenia MacGillivray (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Qinococcidae) with descriptions of two new species.

The species of Neogreenia MacGillivray (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Qinococcidae) are reviewed. The genus is distributed in the Oriental and Palaearctic Regions and now contains seven species. The present study provides updated generic descriptions of all the developmental stages and a brief account of the biology and life cycle of Neogreenia. The genotype, Neogreenia zeylanica (Green, 1896), is redescribed. The following are described and illustrated for the first time: the second-instar nymph, third-instar female, and male third-instar nymph and pupa of N. zizyphi Tang; the second-instar nymph of N. lonicera Wu & Nan; and the second-instar nymph of N. sophorica Wu. Two new species are described and illustrated: Neogreenia ficus Zheng & Wu, sp. n. based on the adult female and Neogreenia tangi Zheng & Wu, sp. n. based on all female instars. These new species bring the total number of described species of Neogreenia to seven. An identification key to all the developmental stages of Neogreenia, and identification keys to species based on adult females and available nymphal instars are provided.

A chromosome-level genome assembly of the forestry pest Coronaproctus castanopsis.

As an important forestry pest, Coronaproctus castanopsis (Monophlebidae) has caused serious damage to the globally valuable Gutianshan ecosystem, China. In this study, we assembled the first chromosome-level genome of the female specimen of C. castanopsis by merging BGI reads, HiFi long reads and Hi-C data. The assembled genome size is 700.81 Mb, with a scaffold N50 size of 273.84 Mb and a contig N50 size of 12.37 Mb. Hi-C scaffolding assigned 98.32% (689.03 Mb) of C. Castanopsis genome to three chromosomes. The BUSCO analysis (n = 1,367) showed a completeness of 91.2%, comprising 89.2% of single-copy BUSCOs and 2.0% of multicopy BUSCOs. The mapping ratio of BGI, second-generation RNA, third-generation RNA and HiFi reads are 97.84%, 96.15%, 97.96%, and 99.33%, respectively. We also identified 64.97% (455.3 Mb) repetitive elements, 1,373 non-coding RNAs and 10,542 protein-coding genes. This study assembled a high-quality genome of C. castanopsis, which accumulated valuable molecular data for scale insects.

Astaxanthin Inhibits H2O2-Induced Excessive Mitophagy and Apoptosis in SH-SY5Y Cells by Regulation of Akt/mTOR Activation.

Oxidative stress, which damages cellular components and causes mitochondrial dysfunction, occurs in a variety of human diseases, including neurological disorders. The clearance of damaged mitochondria via mitophagy maintains the normal function of mitochondria and facilitates cell survival. Astaxanthin is an antioxidant known to have neuroprotective effects, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study demonstrated that astaxanthin inhibited H2O2-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells by ameliorating mitochondrial damage and enhancing cell survival. H2O2 treatment significantly reduced the levels of activated Akt and mTOR and induced mitophagy, while pretreatment with astaxanthin prevented H2O2-induced inhibition of Akt and mTOR and attenuated H2O2-induced mitophagy. Moreover, the inhibition of Akt attenuated the protective effect of astaxanthin against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity. Taken together, astaxanthin might inhibit H2O2-induced apoptosis by protecting mitochondrial function and reducing mitophagy. The results also indicate that the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway was critical for the protection of astaxanthin against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity. The results from the present study suggest that astaxanthin can reduce neuronal oxidative injury and may have the potential to be used for preventing neurotoxicity associated with neurodegenerative diseases.

A High-Q Electric-Mechano-Magnetic Coupled Resonator for ELF/SLF Cross-Medium Magnetic Communication.

Extremely/super low frequency (ELF/SLF) electromagnetic wave can effectively propagate in the harsh cross-medium environment where a high-frequency electromagnetic wave cannot pass due to the fast decay. For efficiently transmitting a strong ELF/SLF radiation signal, the traditional electromagnetic antenna requires a super-large loop (>10 km). To address this issue, in this work, a piezoelectric ceramic/ferromagnetic heterogeneous structured, cantilever beam-type electric-mechano-magnetic coupled resonator at only centimeter scale for ELF/SLF cross-medium magnetic communication is reported. Through designing hard-soft hybrid step-stiffness elastic beam, the resonator exhibits a much higher quality factor Q (≈240) for ELF/SLF magnetic field transmitting, which is one to five orders of magnitude higher than those of previously reported mechanical antennas and loop coil antennas. Moreover, the resonator exhibits a 5000 times higher magnetic field emitting efficiency compared to a conventional loop coil antenna in ELF/SLF band. It also demonstrates a 200% increase in magnetic field emitting capacity compared to existing piezoelectric-driven antennas. In addition, an ASK+PSK modulation method is proposed for suppressing relaxation time of the resonator, and a reduction in the relaxation time by 80% is observed. Furthermore, an air-seawater cross-medium magnetic field communication is successful demonstrated, indicating its potential as portable, high-efficient antenna for underwater and underground communications.

Imaging-based adipose biomarkers for predicting clinical outcomes of cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review.

Background: Since the application of Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), the clinical outcome for metastatic cancer has been greatly improved. Nevertheless, treatment response varies in patients, making it urgent to identify patients who will receive clinical benefits after ICI therapy. Adipose body composition has proved to be associated with tumor response. In this systematic review, we aimed to summarize the current evidence on imaging adipose biomarkers that predict clinical outcomes in patients treated with ICI in various cancer types. Methods: Embase and PubMed were searched from database inception to 1st February 2023. Articles included investigated the association between imaging-based adipose biomarkers and the clinical outcomes of patients treated with ICI. The methodological quality of included studies was evaluated through Newcastle- Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale and Radiomics Quality Score tools. Results: Totally, 22 studies including 2256 patients were selected. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) had the most articles (6 studies), followed by melanoma (5 studies), renal cell carcinoma (RCC) (3 studies), urothelial carcinoma (UC) (2 studies), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) (1 study), gastric cancer (1 study) and liver cancer (1 study). The remaining 3 studies investigated metastatic solid tumors including various types of cancers. Adipose biomarkers can be summarized into 5 categories, including total fat, visceral fat, subcutaneous fat, intramuscular fat and others, which exerted diverse correlations with patients' prognosis after being treated with ICI in different cancers. Most biomarkers of body fat were positively associated with survival benefits. Nevertheless, more total fat was predictable of worse outcomes in NSCLC, while inter-muscular fat was associated with poor clinical benefits in UC. Conclusion: There is relatively well-supported evidence for imaging-based adipose biomarkers to predict the clinical outcome of ICI. In general, most of the studies show that adipose tissue is positively correlated with clinical outcomes. This review summarizes the significant biomarkers proven by researches for each cancer type. Further validation and large independent prospective cohorts are needed in the future. The protocol of this systematic review has been registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, registration no: CRD42023401986).

Effect of distance information and number of warning signs on driving safety of young adults near road work zones in China.

The continuous growth of automobile ownership and road mileage in China has brought a lot of road maintenance work. The work zone shall be set for road maintenance work. Due to the road characteristics near the work zone, more accidents and a higher accident risk exist. Traffic signs are one of the essential means to ensure traffic safety. The location and number of road work signs (sign level) play a crucial role in driver safety near the work zone. The repeated road work signs can form a warning system to regulate driver behavior. This paper evaluates the effect of the number of warning signs with and without distance information on driver behavior (psychological load and physiological characteristics) near the work zone. The matter-element extension model is used for comprehensive evaluation. The study resulted in several findings. First, adding distance information improves the difficulty and time of visual recognition and enhances driver alertness. On the other hand, too many road signs are not conducive to maintaining driver alertness. Second, distance information on the work signs and the repeated setting of road warning signs add extra burden on the driver and increase driver fatigue. Third, driver's response to the repeated road work signs will gradually become stable; The speed transition under the warning signs Levels 2 and 3 are more stable than that under the warning sign Levels 1 and 4. Finally, the warning sign level shall not be more than 3. If the advanced warning area is short, it is recommended to select a warning sign Level 1. If the advanced warning area is relatively long, it is recommended to choose a warning sign Level 2. Finally, adding distance information will improve the overall effect of the warning scheme. These findings can provide a valuable reference for setting the road work signs near the work zone in practice in China.

Scholars180: An effective oral presentation assessment for optometry students.

Oral presentation assessments are multifunctional tools that can potentially test all six cognitive domains of Bloom's taxonomy. Yet, they are not used as frequently as other forms of assessment in curriculums due to time limitations. Hence, designing effective oral presentation assessments that can overcome this is required. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether Scholars180, an oral presentation assessment developed for optometry students, would effectively help students improve their knowledge of and confidence in the identification and management of ocular diseases. This study utilized a non-randomized pre-questionnaire and post-questionnaire design where the participants (n = 31) were asked to assess their knowledge of ocular diseases before and after the oral presentation. The questionnaire was developed according to the unit outcomes. The responses to each of the 12 Likert-type scale questions on the post-questionnaire with the respective responses on the pre-questionnaire were compared. Students (n = 31) experienced improvements in their knowledge of eye diseases and even more so in their confidence and application of their knowledge. This was indicated by the statistically significant increases in median scores and low interquartile ranges (IQR) of ≤1.0. The peer evaluation also illustrated that students felt that the assessment contributed positively to their learning experience. Teachers require a variety of assessment methods to accurately test the student's authentic depth of knowledge and achievement of learning outcomes. Scholars180 is an effective assessment that follows constructive alignment and overcomes time limitations, providing teachers an assessment to consider implementing in the future.

A new genus and species of the scale insect family Qinococcidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) from China.

A new genus of Qinococcidae, Abrococcus Zheng & Wu gen. n. is established for a new species Abrococcus cunninghamia Zheng & Wu sp. n., which was collected on Cunninghamia lanceolata (Cupressaceae) from Guizhou Province, P. R. China. Descriptions and illustrations are provided for the adult female and first-, second- and third-instar female nymphs. Keys to the adult females and first-instar nymphs of the genera of Qinococcidae and known developmental stages of A. cunninghamia are provided.

Loss of MIR503HG facilitates papillary renal cell carcinoma associated lymphatic metastasis by triggering NOTCH1/VEGFC signaling.

Clinical lymphatic metastasis indicates an extremely poor prognosis. Patients with papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) have a high probability of progressing to lymphatic metastasis. However, the molecular mechanism of pRCC-associated lymphatic metastasis has not been elucidated. In this study, we found a downregulated long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) MIR503HG in pRCC primary tumor tissues due to hypermethylation at the CpG islands within its transcriptional start site. Decreased MIR503HG expression could stimulate tube formation and migration of human lymphatic endothelial cell (HLEC) and play a central role to promote lymphatic metastasis in vivo by enhancing tumor lymphangiogenesis. MIR503HG, located in the nucleus, bound with histone variant H2A.Z and affected the recruitment of histone variant H2A.Z to chromatin. Subsequently, increasing the H3K27 trimethylation caused by MIR503HG-overexpression epigenetically downregulated the NOTCH1 expression, which ultimately resulted in decreasing VEGFC secretion and lymphangiogenesis. Additionally, downregulated MIR503HG facilitated the HNRNPC expression, which ultimately promoted the maturation of NOTCH1 mRNA. Notably, upregulating MIR503HG expression might decrease pRCC resistance to the mTOR inhibitor. Together, these findings highlighted a VEGFC-independent mechanism of MIR503HG-mediated lymphatic metastasis. MIR503HG, identified as a novel pRCC-suppressor, would serve as the potentially biomarker for lymphatic metastasis.

How serving helps leading: mediators between servant leadership and affective commitment.

Introduction: Servant leadership has long been associated with maintaining employee's affective commitment, yet the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Research from non-western cultures remains scarce. Methods: This study sought to fill in such research gap by introducing insights from social exchange theory perspective, and examined two potential mediators (viz., psychological safety and job burnout) with a largescale, representative Chinese sample. Results: A total of 931 staffs in a Chinese hospital were surveyed, and structural equation models revealed that psychological safety (indirect effect = 0.052, 95% Bootstrap CI = [0.002, 0.101]) and job burnout (indirect effect = 0.277, 95% Bootstrap CI = [0.226, 0.331]) parallelly (and partially) mediated the effect of servant leadership on affective commitment. Moreover, these effects held the same between permanent and temporary staffs, as well as between male and female staffs. Discussion: Results suggested that a leader's orientation to care, validate, and respond to their followers' needs was effective in creating a psychological safe environment and downplaying job burnout in workplace, in exchange to which, followers remained affectively committed to their organization in a long term. Not only did this study contribute to existing literature by providing non-western data for service leadership research, it also provided a deeper understanding of associated mechanisms of how servant leadership might cast on talent retain and organizational development in a long term. These mechanisms shed light on how serving helps leading and advocate servant leadership for hospitals, as well as other serving organizations.