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1.
Small ; : e2404142, 2024 Aug 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39148197

RESUMO

As of the present time, the in-depth study of the structure-activity relationship between electronic configuration and CO2 photoreduction performance is often overlooked. Herein, a series of Cux species modified CeO2 nanodots are constructed in situ by flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) to achieve an efficient photocatalytic CO2-to-C2 conversion with an electron utilization of up to 142.5 µmol g-1. Through an in-depth study of the electronic behavior and catalytic pathways, it is found that the Cu0/Cu+ species in the coexistence state of Cu0/Cu+/Cu2+ can optimize the energy band structure, photocurrent stability, and provide a kinetic basis for the active surface catalytic reaction process that requires the conversion of multiple electrons into C2 products, which ultimately enhances the CO2-to-C2H6 photoreduction by 3.8-fold and that for CO2-to-C2H4 photoreduction by 5.2-fold. Besides, the Cu2+ species in the coexistence state of Cu0/Cu+/Cu2+ are able to regulate the electronic behavior and the choice of the catalytic pathway, enabling the transitions between CO2-to-C2H6 and CO2-to-C2H4. This work indicates that electronic configuration optimization is an effective strategy to significantly enhance the CO2 photoreduction performance and provides new ideas for the design and synthesis of high-performance heterostructure photocatalysts.

2.
Semin Arthritis Rheum ; 68: 152498, 2024 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38970896

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the effectiveness and safety of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation in the treatment of inflammatory arthritis. METHODS: Two researchers conducted a comprehensive search of Chinese and English databases from their inception until July 2023. The literature screening and data extraction were then performed. Statistical analysis was carried out using RevMan 5.4 software. RESULTS: A total of 36 relevant RCTs, involving 2,076 participants, were ultimately included in this study. These RCTs encompassed four types of inflammatory arthritis, namely rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and systemic sclerosis (SSc). The results demonstrated that MSC therapy exhibited improvements in the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain in OA patients (bone marrow: SMD=-0.95, 95 % CI: -1.55 to -0.36, P = 0.002; umbilical cord: SMD=-2.03, 95 % CI: -2.99 to -1.07, P < 0.0001; adipose tissue: SMD=-1.26, 95 % CI: -1.99 to -0.52, P = 0.0009). Specifically, MSCs sourced from adipose tissue showed enhancements in Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) pain (P = 0.0001), WOMAC physical function (P = 0.001), and total WOMAC scores (P = 0.0003). As for MSC therapy in RA, AS, and SSc, the current systematic review suggests a potential therapeutic effect of MSCs on these inflammatory arthritic conditions. Safety assessments indicated that MSC therapy did not increase the incidence of adverse events. CONCLUSION: MSCs have the potential to alleviate joint pain and improve joint function in patients with inflammatory arthritis. Moreover, MSC therapy appears to be relatively safe and could be considered as a viable alternative treatment option for inflammatory arthritis.


Assuntos
Transplante de Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Humanos , Artrite Reumatoide/terapia , Transplante de Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/efeitos adversos , Transplante de Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/métodos , Osteoartrite/terapia , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Escleroderma Sistêmico/terapia , Espondilite Anquilosante/terapia , Resultado do Tratamento
3.
Small ; 20(28): e2311346, 2024 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38308159

RESUMO

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) exhibit remarkable catalytic activity at each metal site. However, conventionally synthesized single-atom catalysts often possess low metal loading, thereby constraining their overall catalytic performance. Here, a flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) method for the synthesis of a single-atom catalyst with a high loading capacity of up to 1.4 wt.% in practice is reported. CeZrO2 acts as a carrier and provides a large number of anchoring sites, which promotes the high-density generation of Pd, and the strong interaction between the metal and the support avoids atom aggregation. Pd-CeZrO2 series catalysts have excellent CO oxidation performance. When 0.97 wt.% Pd is added, the catalytic activity is the highest, and the temperature can be reduced to 120 °C. This work presented here demonstrates that FSP, as an inherently scalable technique, allows for elevating the single-atom loading to achieve an increase in its catalytic performance. The method presented here more options for the preparation of SACs.

4.
Food Chem ; 442: 138472, 2024 Jun 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38278105

RESUMO

Anaerobically fermented pickled tea (PT) can be produced by spontaneous fermentation (SF) or yeast-enhanced fermentation (YF). Aroma and taste characteristics of PT during YF and SF were investigated using sensory evaluation, odour activity, aroma character impact values, HS-SPME-GC-MS, UPLC-QQQ-MS/MS, and spectrophotometry, annotating 198 volatile and 115 non-volatile components. The main contributing volatile components were ß-ionone, and 1-octanol, promoted by YF and SF, and yielding floral and fruity aromas respectively. Additionally, compared with SF, YF promoted the formation of citronellol yielding a floral aroma, inhibited the stale aroma of methoxybenzenes, and reduced bitter, astringent, and sour tastes. Furthermore, partial least-squares regression analysis identified the main components related to the 'acides aroma' of PT as linalool oxide, n-decanoic acid, hexanoic acid, 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienoic acid, 3-methyl-1-dodecyn-3-ol, and nerolidol. This application could be used as methodology for the comprehensive analysis of tea aroma and taste and these results can act as guidelines for PT production and quality control.


Assuntos
Odorantes , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis , Odorantes/análise , Paladar , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Fermentação , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/análise , Chá/química
5.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 71(5): 1894-1898, 2023 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37203051

RESUMO

Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes of transepithelial corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) for management of corneal ectasia after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Methods: CXL was performed on 18 eyes of 16 patients either with LASIK flap lift (n = 9; 365 nm, 30 mW/cm2, 4 minutes, pulse) or with transepithelial flap-on (n = 9 eyes; 365 nm, 3 mW/cm2, 30 minutes) technique. Postoperative change in maximum keratometry (Kmax), anterior elevation, posterior elevation, spherical equivalent (SE), logMAR uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), aberrations, and central corneal thickness (CCT) were evaluated at 12 months postoperatively. Results: A total of 18 eyes of 16 patients (11 males, 5 females) were included. Overall, Kmax flattened more after flap-on CXL (P = 0.014) compared to flap-lift CXL. The endothelial cell density and posterior elevation were stable throughout the follow-up period. Index of vertical asymmetry (IVA), keratoconus index (KI), and central keratoconus index (CKI) decreased after flap-on CXL at 12 months, postoperatively (P < 0.05), whereas there were no statistically significant changes in these parameters after flap-off CXL group. The spherical aberrations and total root mean square decreased after flap-lift CXL at 12 months, postoperatively (P < 0.05). Conclusion: In our study, transepithelial collagen crosslinking was successfully used to halt disease progression in post-LASIK keratectasia. We recommend flap-on surgical technique for these cases.


Assuntos
Ceratocone , Ceratomileuse Assistida por Excimer Laser In Situ , Fotoquimioterapia , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Ceratomileuse Assistida por Excimer Laser In Situ/efeitos adversos , Ceratocone/diagnóstico , Ceratocone/tratamento farmacológico , Ceratocone/cirurgia , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/uso terapêutico , Dilatação Patológica/diagnóstico , Dilatação Patológica/cirurgia , Riboflavina/uso terapêutico , Topografia da Córnea , Reagentes de Ligações Cruzadas/uso terapêutico , Colágeno/uso terapêutico , Lasers , Raios Ultravioleta , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos
6.
Front Nutr ; 10: 1138783, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37051132

RESUMO

Introduction: Pu-erh tea is a geographical indication product of China. The characteristic flavor compounds produced during the fermentation of ripened Pu-erh tea have an important impact on its quality. Methods: Headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and odor activity value (OAV) is used for flavor analysis. Results: A total of 135 volatile compounds were annotated, of which the highest content was alcohols (54.26%), followed by esters (16.73%), and methoxybenzenes (12.69%). Alcohols in ripened Pu-erh tea mainly contribute flower and fruit sweet flavors, while methoxybenzenes mainly contribute musty and stale flavors. The ripened Pu-erh tea fermented by Saccharomyces: Rhizopus: Aspergillus niger mixed in the ratio of 1:1:1 presented the remarkable flavor characteristics of flower and fruit sweet flavor, and having better coordination with musty and stale flavor. Discussion: This study demonstrated the content changes of ripened Pu-erh tea's flavor compounds in the fermentation process, and revealed the optimal fermentation time. This will be helpful to further understand the formation mechanism of the characteristic flavor of ripened Pu-erh tea and guide the optimization of the fermentation process of ripened Pu-erh tea.

7.
Transl Vis Sci Technol ; 11(9): 1, 2022 09 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36048013

RESUMO

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to improve the biomechanical properties of the cornea through the incorporation of carbon nanostructures. Methods: Healthy Japanese rabbits were used to evaluate the effect of carbon nanostructures' incorporation in the cornea. Rabbits were divided in two groups A and B. In each of these groups, the corneas were divided in (i) corneas not submitted to any treatment (the control group), (ii) corneas modified either with carbon nanostructures (group A), or with the traditional cross-linking technology (group B). After modification, rabbits were euthanized at different time intervals. The biomechanical properties of the treated corneas were evaluated using the inflation method. Results: Biomechanical tests based on the inflation method show that the incorporation of carbon nanostructures to the cornea and their proper distribution within it gives rise to a large improvement in the mechanical properties and tangential elastic modulus (up to 155%). These results anticipate that this novel and easy approach based on nanotechnology is able to compete with the actual cross-linking technology applied in clinical ophthalmology using a photosensitive molecule, such as riboflavin and unpleasant UV-A radiation. Conclusions: The incorporation of carbon nanostructures (single-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene) in corneal stroma is proposed as a promising alternative to improve the mechanical properties in the treated eyes. The proper dispersion of the carbon nanostructures a few days after implementation (down to 60 micrometers depth) explains the successful results achieved. Translational Relevance: Nanotechnology applied to the eye constitutes a promising approach for ocular tissue reinforcement.


Assuntos
Nanoestruturas , Nanotubos de Carbono , Animais , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Reagentes de Ligações Cruzadas , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/uso terapêutico , Coelhos
8.
Adv Healthc Mater ; 11(10): e2101667, 2022 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35108456

RESUMO

The efficient regeneration of corneal nerves is of limited success in the field of ophthalmology. This work reports the use of a non-invasive electrical stimulation technique that uses a transparent graphene-based corneal stimulation electrode and that can achieve efficient regeneration of corneal nerves. The corneal stimulation electrode is prepared using electroactive nitrogen-containing conducting polymers such as polyaniline functionalized graphene (PAG). This composite can carry a high capacitive current. It can be used to tune transmembrane signaling pathways including calcium channels and the MAPK signaling pathway. Tuning can lead to the efficient regeneration of corneal damaged nerves after the surgery of laser in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK). The composite and its application reported have the potential to provide a new way to treat nerve-related injuries.


Assuntos
Grafite , Córnea/cirurgia , Eletrodos , Regeneração Nervosa/fisiologia , Transdução de Sinais
9.
PLoS One ; 17(1): e0262702, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35045127

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The prevailing view is that ablation does not reduce the incidence of stroke and deaths in atrial fibrillation (AF), and guidelines suggest that long-term anticoagulation is required after ablation, regardless of the success of the procedure. We performed a meta-analysis of recent randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) to verify whether ablation compared with drugs reduced the incidence of stroke and deaths. METHODS: We systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases for RCTs of AF catheter ablation (CA) compared to medical therapy (MT). The risk ratio (RR) and weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% CIs were calculated using a random-effects model. A trial sequential analysis (TSA) was used to further validate the reliability of the primary outcomes. RESULTS: Seventeen RCTs were included, comprising 5,258 patients (CA, n = 2760; MT, n = 2498). Compared with medical therapy, CA was associated with a reduction in stroke/transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs) (p = 0.035; RR = 0.61 [95% CI, 0.386 to 0.965]; I2 = 0.0%) and deaths (p = 0.004; RR = 0.7 [95% CI, 0.55 to 0.89]; I2 = 0.0%). CA was associated with improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (p = 0.000; WMD = 5.39 [95% CI, 2.45 to 8.32]; I2 = 84.4%) and the rate of maintenance of sinus rhythm (SR) (p = 0.000; RR = 3.55 [95% CI, 2.34 to 5.40]; I2 = 76.7%). CONCLUSIONS: CA for AF had more favourable outcomes in terms of stroke/TIAs, deaths, change in LVEF, and the maintenance of SR at the end of follow-up compared to MT. Besides, the TSA results supported this conclusion.


Assuntos
Fibrilação Atrial/terapia , Ablação por Cateter/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , Antiarrítmicos/uso terapêutico , Fibrilação Atrial/tratamento farmacológico , Ablação por Cateter/efeitos adversos , Ablação por Cateter/métodos , Feminino , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicações , Volume Sistólico , Resultado do Tratamento , Função Ventricular Esquerda
10.
Front Cardiovasc Med ; 8: 586240, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34926594

RESUMO

Background: Heart failure patients with higher body mass index (BMI) exhibit better clinical outcomes. Therefore, we assessed whether the BMI can predict left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) improvement following heart failure. Methods and Results: We included 184 patients newly diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy and reduced EF in our center and who underwent follow-up examination of EF via echocardiography after 6 months. The EF improved at 6 months in 88 participants, who were included in the heart failure with recovered EF (HFrecEF) subgroup. Patients in whom the EF remained reduced were included in the heart failure with persistently reduced EF (persistent HFrEF) subgroup. Our analyses revealed that EF increase correlated with age (r = -0.254, P = 0.001), left ventricular diastolic dimension (LVDD; r = -0.210, P = 0.004), diabetes (P = 0.034), brain natriuretic peptide (r = -0.199, P = 0.007), and BMI grade (P = 0.000). BMI grade was significantly associated with elevated EF after adjustment for other variables (P = 0.001). On multivariable analysis, compared to patients with persistent HFrEF, those with HFrecEF had higher BMI [odds ratio (OR) = 2.342 per one standard deviation increase; P = 0.001] and lower LVDD (OR = 0.466 per one standard deviation increase; P = 0.001). ROC-curve analysis data showed that BMI > 22.66 kg/m2 (sensitivity 84.1%, specificity 59.4%, AUC 0.745, P = 0.000) indicate high probability of EF recovery in 6 months. Conclusions: Our data suggest that higher BMI is strongly correlated with the recovered EF and that BMI is an effective predictor of EF improvement in patients with heart failure and reduced EF.

11.
Microorganisms ; 9(6)2021 Jun 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34199397

RESUMO

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi establish symbiosis and improve the lead (Pb) tolerance of host plants. The AM plants accumulate more Pb in roots than their non-mycorrhizal counterparts. However, the direct and long-term impact of AM fungi on plant Pb uptake has been rarely reported. In this study, AM fungus (Rhizophagus irregularis) colonized and non-colonized roots of Medicago truncatula were separated by a split-root system, and their differences in responding to Pb application were compared. The shoot biomass accumulation and transpiration were increased after R. irregularis inoculation, whereas the biomass of both colonized and non-colonized roots was decreased. Lead application in the non-colonized root compartment increased the R. irregularis colonization rate and up-regulated the relative expressions of MtPT4 and MtBCP1 in the colonized root compartments. Rhizophagus irregularis inoculation increased Pb uptake in both colonized and non-colonized roots, and R. irregularis transferred Pb to the colonized root segment. The Pb transferred through the colonized root segment had low mobility and might be sequestrated and compartmented in the root by R. irregularis. The Pb uptake of roots might follow water flow, which is facilitated by MtPIP2. The quantification of Pb transfer via the mycorrhizal pathway and the involvement of MtPIP2 deserve further study.

12.
Cardiovasc Drugs Ther ; 34(5): 629-640, 2020 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32444995

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The persistent existence of pathological cardiac remodeling, resulting from aortic stenosis, is related to poor clinical prognosis after successful transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Sacubitril/valsartan (Sac/Val), comprising an angiotensin receptor blocker and a neprilysin inhibitor, has been demonstrated to have a beneficial effect against pathological cardiac remodeling, including cardiac fibrosis and inflammation in heart failure. The aim of this study was to determine whether Sac/Val exerts a cardioprotective effect after pressure unloading in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS: Male C57BL/6 J mice were subjected to debanding (DB) surgery after 8 weeks (wk) of aortic banding (AB). Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography, which indicated a protective effect of Sac/Val after DB. After treatment with Sac/Val post DB, decreased heart weight and myocardial cell size were observed in mouse hearts. In addition, histological analysis, immunofluorescence, and western blot results showed that Sac/Val attenuated cardiac fibrosis and inflammation after DB. Finally, our data indicated that Sac/Val treatment could significantly suppress NF-κB signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in mice after relief of pressure overload. CONCLUSION: Sac/Val exerted its beneficial effects to prevent maladaptive cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction in mice following pressure unloading, which was at least partly due to the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.


Assuntos
Aminobutiratos/farmacologia , Bloqueadores do Receptor Tipo 1 de Angiotensina II/farmacologia , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/prevenção & controle , Inflamassomos/antagonistas & inibidores , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR/antagonistas & inibidores , Inibidores de Proteases/farmacologia , Tetrazóis/farmacologia , Função Ventricular Esquerda/efeitos dos fármacos , Remodelação Ventricular/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Compostos de Bifenilo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Combinação de Medicamentos , Fibrose , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/metabolismo , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/patologia , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/fisiopatologia , Inflamassomos/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Miocárdio/patologia , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR/metabolismo , Neprilisina/antagonistas & inibidores , Transdução de Sinais , Valsartana
14.
Biomed Res Int ; 2019: 3202838, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31871936

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of cardiac rehabilitation on exercise tolerance and cardiac function in heart failure patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). METHODS: Randomized controlled trials were initially identified from systematic reviews of the literature about cardiac rehabilitation and heart failure patients with CRT. We undertook updated literature searches of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, EMBASE, CBM, CNKI, and Wanfang databases until July 1, 2017. STATA12.0 software was used. RESULTS: Four randomized controlled studies were included. The total sample size was 157 patients, including 77 in the control group. Cardiac rehabilitation treatment affected the peak VO2 in heart failure patients with CRT (P heterogeneity=0.491, I 2 = 0%). The results lacked heterogeneity, and the data were merged in a fixed-effects model (WMD = 2.17 ml/kg/min, 95% CI (1.42, 2.92), P < 0.001). The peak VO2 was significantly higher in the cardiac rehabilitation group than in the control group. The sensitivity analysis showed that the results of the meta-analysis were robust. Cardiac rehabilitation treatment affected LVEF in heart failure patients with CRT (P heterogeneity=0.064, I 2 = 63.6%); the heterogeneity among the various research results meant that the data were merged in a random-effects model (WMD = 4.75%, 95% CI (1.53, 7.97), P=0.004). The LVEF was significantly higher in the cardiac rehabilitation group than in the control group. The sources of heterogeneity were analyzed, and it was found that one of the studies was the source of significant heterogeneity. After the elimination of that study, the data were reanalyzed, and the heterogeneity was significantly reduced. There were still significant differences in the WMD and 95% CI. CONCLUSION: Cardiac rehabilitation can improve exercise tolerance and cardiac function in heart failure patients with CRT. Future studies are needed to evaluate whether these beneficial effects of cardiac rehabilitation may translate into an improvement in long-term clinical outcomes among these patients.


Assuntos
Reabilitação Cardíaca/métodos , Terapia de Ressincronização Cardíaca/métodos , Fenômenos Fisiológicos Cardiovasculares , Tolerância ao Exercício , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Bases de Dados Factuais , Terapia por Exercício/métodos , Humanos , Qualidade de Vida , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto
15.
Front Physiol ; 10: 866, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31354519

RESUMO

Background/Aims: Gut microbiota has been reported to correlate with a higher mortality and worse prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut microbiota-dependent metabolite of specific dietary nutrients, which is linked to cardiac fibrosis. Recent reports have suggested that the activation of Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome contributed to cardiac fibrosis. However, whether TMAO mediates cardiac fibrosis via activating NLRP3 inflammasome remains unclear. Methods and Results: To determine the role of TMAO-mediated cardiac fibrosis, we established mouse models of doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiac fibrosis with or without TMAO in drinking water. TMAO exacerbated DOX-induced cardiac dysfunction, heart weight and cardiac fibrosis manifested by enhanced collagen accumulation, higher profibrotic levels and elevated inflammatory factors as well as NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Using primary cultured mouse cardiac fibroblast, our results indicated that TMAO promoted proliferation, migration and collagen secretion in a dose-dependent manner by TGF-ß/Smad3 signaling. Furthermore, TMAO treatment induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation including oxidative stress in cultured cardiac fibroblast. Importantly, the silencing of NLRP3 presented a protection effect against cardiac fibrosis including cellular proliferation, migration and collagen deposition in vitro. Conclusion: Our data suggested that TMAO aggravated DOX-induced mouse cardiac fibrosis, at least in part, through activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, providing a new potential target for preventing the progression of cardiac fibrosis.

16.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces ; 11(29): 25844-25853, 2019 Jul 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31241300

RESUMO

In photocatalytic hydrogen production via water splitting, noble metal alloy nanoparticles exposed to specific crystal facets can be highly effective cocatalysts in comparison with noble metal nanospherical particles. In this research, we have investigated, for the first time, the {110} facet-dependent efficiency of a Pt3Sn nanocube cocatalyst for solar photocatalytic hydrogen production. Under identical conditions and with the same cocatalyst loading, the hydrogen production rate over excavated {110} facet-exposed Pt3Sn nanocubes/CdS is 2 times higher than that of {100} facet-exposed Pt3Sn nanocubes/CdS and 3.5 times higher than that of {100} facet-exposed Pt nanocubes/CdS. The quantum efficiency of photocatalytic hydrogen production over the {110} facet-exposed Pt3Sn nanocubes/CdS can be as high as 86% at 420 nm, exceeding the previously reported efficiencies. Theoretical computations and experimental characterizations have revealed that excavated Pt3Sn nanocubes exposed to high-energy {110} crystal facets are more favorable for hydrogen evolution reactions than other cocatalysts studied, leading to excellent photocatalytic performance. Tuning the exposed facets of a metal cocatalyst can greatly promote its photocatalytic activity. This work provides an alternative strategy for synthesizing highly active photocatalysts for water splitting/reducing.

17.
Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban ; 48(6): 594-602, 2019 12 25.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31955532

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the application of decision tree method and Logistic regression in the prediction of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) events. METHODS: The clinical data of 295 patients, who underwent coronary angiography due to angina or chest pain with unidentified causes in Zhejiang provincial People's Hospital during October 2018 and April 2019, were retrospectively analyzed. Fifty five patients were identified as AMI. Logistic regression and decision tree methods were performed to establish predictive models for the occurrence of AMI, respectively; and the models created by decision tree analysis were divided into Logistic regression-independent model (Tree 1) and Logistic regression-dependent model (Tree 2). The performance of Logistic regression and decision tree models were compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS: Logistic regression analysis showed that history of coronary artery disease, multi-vessel coronary artery disease, statin use and apolipoprotein (ApoA1) level were independent influencing factors of AMI events (all P<0.05). Logistic regression-independent decision tree model (Tree 1) showed that multi-vessel coronary artery disease was the root node, and history of coronary artery disease, ApoA1 level (the cutoff value:1.314 g/L) and anti-platelet drug use were descendant nodes. In Logistic regression-dependent decision tree model (Tree 2), multi-vessel coronary artery disease was still the root node, but only followed by two descendant nodes including history of coronary artery disease and ApoA1 level. The area under the curve (AUC) of ROC of Logistic regression model was 0.826, and AUCs of decision tree models were 0.765 and 0.726, respectively. AUC of Logistic regression model was significantly higher than that of Tree 2 (95% CI=0.041-0.145, Z=3.534, P<0.001), but was not higher than that of Tree 1 (95% CI=-0.014-0.121, Z=-1.173, P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The predictive value for AMI event was comparable between Logistic regression-independent decision tree model and Logistic regression model, implying the data mining methods are feasible and effective in AMI prevention and control.


Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Árvores de Decisões , Modelos Logísticos , Infarto do Miocárdio , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Infarto do Miocárdio/diagnóstico , Infarto do Miocárdio/prevenção & controle , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Curva ROC , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco
18.
J Refract Surg ; 34(1): 51-58, 2018 Jan 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29315442

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether different corneal cross-linking (CXL) irradiances, all with the same delivered total energy, achieve similar increases in corneal material stiffness. METHODS: One hundred twenty-six healthy white Japanese rabbits were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 18 each). After removing the epithelium of the left corneas, six groups were exposed to riboflavin (0.22% concentration by volume) and ultraviolet-A (370 nm) at different CXL irradiations, all with the same total dose (5.4 J/cm2), ranging from 3 mW/cm2 for 30 minutes to 90 mW/cm2 for 1 minute. The left corneas of the seventh group were exposed to riboflavin without irradiation. Twelve corneas of each group were prepared for inflation testing, where they were subjected to internal hydrostatic pressure simulating intraocular pressure, whereas the other six specimens were processed for electron microscopy measurements of fibril diameter and interfibrillar spacing. The inverse modeling process was used to estimate the tangent modulus of the tissue, which is considered an accurate measure of the material stiffness. RESULTS: The stiffening effect of CXL decreased when using high irradiation/short duration settings. Compared with the group with no irradiation (NUVA group), the tangent modulus increases reduced from 212.5% in the 3mW/30min group to 196.8% in the 90mW/1min group. These increases were significant (P < .05) in the 3mW/30min and 9mW/10min groups, but became insignificant in other CXL groups. The interfibrillar spacing in the anterior 50 µm of the corneal stroma also reduced with high irradiation/short duration settings, changing from 20.05 ± 1.89 nm in the NUVA group down to 13.06 ± 2.07 and 14.37 ± 1.90 nm in the 3mW/30min and 9mW/10min groups, respectively. These changes were significant (P < .05) between non-adjacent groups, but became non-significant otherwise. The corresponding changes in fibril diameter were small and nonsignificant in all cases (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: Because the effect of CXL in stiffening the tissue and reducing the interfibrillar spacing consistently decreased with reducing the irradiance duration, the Bunsen-Roscoe law may not be readily applicable in the CXL of corneal tissue. [J Refract Surg. 2018;34(1):51-58.].


Assuntos
Córnea/fisiologia , Reagentes de Ligações Cruzadas , Elasticidade/fisiologia , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/farmacologia , Animais , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Colágeno/metabolismo , Córnea/efeitos dos fármacos , Paquimetria Corneana , Substância Própria/metabolismo , Elasticidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Coelhos , Riboflavina/farmacologia , Raios Ultravioleta
19.
Sci Rep ; 7(1): 17457, 2017 12 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29234085

RESUMO

To assess repeatability of corneal tomography in successive measurements by Pentacam in keratoconus (KC) and normal eyes based on the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm. The study involved 143 keratoconic and 143 matched normal eyes. ICP algorithm was used to estimate six single and combined misalignment (CM) parameters, the root mean square (RMS) of the difference in elevation data pre (PreICP-RMS) and post (PosICP-RMS) tomography matching. Corneal keratometry, expressed in the form of M, J0 and J45 (power vector analysis parameters), was used to evaluate the effect of misalignment on corneal curvature measurements. The PreICP-RMS and PosICP-RMS were statistically higher (P < 0.01) in KC than normal eyes. CM increased significantly (p = 0.00), more in KC (16.76 ± 20.88 µm) than in normal eyes (5.43 ± 4.08 µm). PreICP-RMS, PosICP-RMS and CM were correlated with keratoconus grade (p < 0.05). Corneal astigmatism J0 was different (p = 0.01) for the second tomography measurements with misalignment consideration (-1.11 ± 2.35 D) or not (-1.18 ± 2.35 D), while M and J45 kept similar. KC corneas consistently show higher misalignments between successive tomography measurements and lower repeatability compared with healthy eyes. The influence of misalignment is evidently clearer in the estimation of astigmatism than spherical curvature. These higher errors appear correlated with KC progression.


Assuntos
Topografia da Córnea/métodos , Ceratocone/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia/métodos , Córnea/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Adulto Jovem
20.
Oncotarget ; 8(46): 81145-81153, 2017 Oct 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29113374

RESUMO

Studies have shown that the scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SCARB1) rs5888 polymorphism impacts fasting blood lipid levels differently in men and women. A meta-analysis and statistical tests was therefore performed to determine the relationship between the rs5888 polymorphism and lipid levels in men and women. Twelve studies with 12,147 subjects were selected for this study. In a dominant model, the CT+TT genotype group had lower triglyceride levels than the CC group in men (standardized mean difference (SMD): -0.11; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.21 to -0.02; P = 0.016; I2 = 51.5%). No statistical differences were detected in women. Subgroup analysis of different racial groups revealed significant correlation between the SCARB1 rs5888 polymorphism and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (SMD: 0.15; 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.21; P ≤ 0.001; I2 = 0%) and lower triglyceride levels (SMD: -0.16; 95% CI: -0.26 to -0.04; P = 0.013; I2 = 60.6%) in non-Asian men. No evidence of heterogeneity was observed when eliminating outlier studies, and no publication bias was detected. This meta-analysis suggests the SCARB1 rs5888 polymorphism is associated with higher HDL-C and lower triglyceride levels in non-Asian men.

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