Correlation between the Human Development Index and the Incidence and Mortality of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.

OBJECTIVE: This study was to examine the relationship between socioeconomic status and the incidence and mortality of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). METHODS: We compared the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and the ASMR to ASIR ratio (MIR) at national and regional levels and studied the correlation between the MIR and the human development index (HDI) in 2012 and 2018. RESULTS: The highest ASIR was in North America in 2012 and in Australia in 2018, and the lowest ASIR was in Central and South Asia in both 2012 and 2018. The highest ASMR was in North Africa in both 2012 and 2018, and the lowest ASMR was in Eastern Asia and South-Central Asia in 2012 and in South-Central Asia in 2018. The lowest MIR was in Australia in both 2012 and 2018, and the highest MIR was in Western Africa in both 2012 and 2018. HDI was strongly negatively correlated with MIR (r: -0.8810, P<0.0001, 2012; r: -0.8895, P<0.0001, 2018). Compared to the 2012 data, the MIR in the intermediate HDI countries significantly deceased and the HDI in low and high HDI countries significantly increased in 2018. CONCLUSION: The MIR is negatively correlated with HDI. Increasing the HDI in low and intermediate HDI countries may reduce the MIR and increase the survival of patients with NHL.

Assembly of an undeca-nuclear nickel substituted POM through polycarboxylate ligand.

An undeca-nuclear nickel substituted POM, namely [Ni(H(2)O)(6)][Ni(11)(PW(9)O(34))(2)(IDA)(3)(en)(2)(Hen)(2)(OH)(6)]·(H(2)O)(7)·(H(2)en)(2) (1) (en = 1,2-ethylenediamine, H(2)IDA = iminodiacetic acid), was synthesized through hydrothermal reaction of Na(6)PW(9)O(34), en, H(2)IDA and NiCl(2)·6H(2)O. Single-crystal structure reveals that 1 can be viewed as Ni(6)PW(9) and Ni(5)PW(9) units linked by a µ(3)-O bridge and two IDA(2-) ligands. Magnetic investigation indicates the presence of dominantly ferrimagnetic interactions within the Ni(11) core. Electrochemistry study shows that 1 displays a stable and reproducible voltammetric graph.

pH-dependent assembly of 0D to 3D Keggin-based coordination polymers: structures and catalytic properties.

Four Keggin-based coordination polymers, namely, {[Cu2(4,4'-bpy)(4,4'-Hbpy)4(H2O)4](SiW12O40)2(H2O)4}n (1), {[Cu2(4,4'-bpy)(4,4'-Hbpy)6(SiW12O40)3](4,4'-Hbpy)2(H2O)7}n (2), {[Cu2(mu2-H2O)2(4,4'-bpy)3(SiW12O40)](H2O)6}n (3) and {[Cu2(mu2-OH)(4,4'-bpy)3(SiW12O40)(H2O)] [Cu2(mu2-O)(4,4'-bpy)4(H2O)2]0.5 x (H2O)3}n (4) (4,4'-bpy = 4,4'-bipyridine) were prepared through the hydrothermal reaction of silicotungstic acid, copper(II) nitrate and 4,4'-bipyridine under different pH conditions. Coordination polymers 1 and 2, which exhibit 0D and 1D structures respectively, were prepared at pH = 3.5. At pH = 5.5, a 2D coordination polymer 3 was obtained. Increasing the pH of the reaction to 8.5 led to a 3D coordination polymer 4. The structural diversities of 1-4 reveal that the pH value of the reaction plays a key role in the assembly of POM-based coordination polymers. Investigation of the catalytic properties of 1-4 for the oxidation of ethylbenzene indicates that the catalytic activity of the coordination polymers is closely related to the protonated extent of 4,4'-bpy in the coordination polymers.

An investigation of vitamin B12 deficiency in elderly inpatients in neurology department.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the status of vitamin B12 deficiency in elderly inpatients in the department of neurology. METHODS: A total number of 827 patients in the department of neurology of Shanghai Punan hospital, from March 2007 to July 2008, were employed in the present study. They were 60 years or older, and the average age was 77.1+/-7.5 years old. All the patients were diagnosed with no severe hepatic or renal dysfunction, without any usage of vitamin B12 during the previous 3 months before the detection. The levels of serum vitamin B12, folate and homocysteine (Hcy) were evaluated. The patients with vitamin B12 deficiency were screened. The resulting symptoms, positive signs of neurological examination, and the neuroelectricphysiological results were compared between patients with or without vitamin B12 deficiency. RESULTS: Vitamin B12 deficiency was found in 163 patients (19.71% of the total patients), and was more prevalent in female than in male patients, also with increased incidences with aging. Patients with low levels of serum vitamin B12 exhibited higher rate of gastrointestinal diseases, while only 9.82% of the vitamin B12 deficient patients had megaloblastic anemia. Symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency included unsteadily walking in the darkness and hypopallesthesia, and some chronic diseases such as cerebral ischemia, hypertension, Parkinson's disease (Parkinsonism), diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease. Most of the vitamin B12 deficient patients had neuroelectricphysiological abnormalities. CONCLUSION: Vitamin B12 deficiency is remarkably common in elderly patients in neurology department, with various and atypical clinical manifestations, and the neurological symptoms are more common than megaloblastic anemia symptoms.